The saying "cephalosporin is wine, say go away" you must be familiar with.
In fact, not only alcohol and cephalosporin, but also many foods and drugs can not be eaten together.
Otherwise, the light will affect the absorption of the drug, and the heavy will cause adverse reactions.
The following foods and drugs are contraindicated, and everyone must keep in mind.
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01 Alcohol
(Source: Made your own)
Not only cephalosporin, but also during any medication, it is not recommended to drink alcohol, especially the following 6 types of drugs:
1. Drugs of the central nervous system
Alcohol has sedative, respiratory-suppressing effects on the central nervous system, and may have cumulative effects when used with these drugs [1].
For example, antidepressants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opioids, etc., taken with alcohol, will cause symptoms such as sluggishness, lethargy, and even fatality [2].
2. Drugs of the cardiovascular system
The interaction between cardiovascular drugs and alcohol is complex and causes different adverse reactions.
For example, the antihypertensive drug irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide tablets taken with alcohol increases the risk of orthostatic hypotension.
Isosorbide mononitrate extended-release tablets taken with alcohol not only increase the risk of hypotension, but also affect the speed of human response [1].
3. Drugs of the endocrine system
The combination of insulin, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, and alcohol can cause severe hypoglycemia [1].
4. Antibacterial drugs
We all know that cephalosporin + wine may trigger a "disulfiram-like reaction". But what you may not know is that disulfiram is a drug used to quit alcohol.
Cephalosporin is taken together with alcohol, and the main harm is to inhibit the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in the liver, so that the detoxification process of "ethanol-acetaldehyde-acetic acid" is broken.
As a result, a large number of harmful acetaldehyde accumulates in the body, resulting in laryngeal edema, headache and dizziness, irritability, nausea and vomiting, which can lead to breathing difficulties, decreased blood pressure and even death [3].
There are many drugs that can cause disulfiram reactions, such as antibacterial drugs such as nitridazole (metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole) in addition to cephalosporin, as well as furazolidone, ketoconazole, erythromycin, and griseofulvin [3]. If it is an infusion, these ingredients and alcohol reactions are more dangerous, be sure to pay attention.
Do not drink alcohol during and for 5 to 7 days after taking these drugs [4].
5. Anticoagulant drugs
Warfarin's role is to delay blood clotting, while alcohol enhances the effect of warfarin.
A 58-year-old male who needs long-term warfarin to prevent ischemic stroke has been reported to have a significantly longer blood clotting time after drinking beer the next day [2].
Prolonged clotting time may increase the risk of bleeding.
6. Anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers
Acetaminophen taken with alcohol may increase liver toxicity[2].
Aspirin taken with alcohol increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding [2].
02 Grapefruit
Many drugs can be dangerous when eaten with grapefruit, and the main mechanism of action is twofold:
1. The naringin in grapefruit can affect the transport function of epithelial cells in the mucosa of the small intestine, thereby inhibiting or improving the bioavailability of some drugs.
In layman's terms, grapefruit can affect the absorption of the drug, resulting in too much or too little absorption [5].
2. The furlocoumarin in grapefruit can inhibit the activity of the human drug metabolism enzyme CYP3A4.
This enzyme is very important, and once inhibited, the body's metabolism of the drug slows down or even stops, causing the drug to stay in the body for longer and side effects may increase [6].
(Source: soogif)
None of the medications in the table above can be taken with grapefruit. To be on the safe side, it is best not to eat fruits such as grapefruit, oranges, and oranges.
03 Tea, coffee
In order to save trouble, some people directly use tea to send medicine, which is absolutely impossible!
The composition of tea is very complex, containing tannic acid, caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, etc., which can react with many drugs and affect the efficacy.
1. Tannic acid
It forms an insoluble precipitate with some metal salts, affects the absorption of drugs, stimulates the gastric mucosa, induces nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain and other symptoms.
Therefore, tea cannot be taken with iron supplements such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous lactate, and ferric ammonium citrate [7].
Tannic acid can also reduce the bioavailability of enzyme preparations such as pepsin tablets, pepsin combinations, multi-enzyme tablets, and pancreatic enzyme tablets; inactivate antibiotics such as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and rifampicin; and affect the absorption of berberine (berberine), ephedrine, quinine, digitalis, and digoxin [7].
2. Theophylline and caffeine
The metabolic pathway is similar to that of quinolone antimicrobials such as norfloxacin, pefloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, and when taken together, it can lead to increased blood concentrations and prolonged half-lives [7].
Simply put, the time that the drug stays in the body increases, and it is easy to produce adverse reactions.
In short, the drug is best taken with boiled water.
04 Milk
Milk is rich in calcium ions, which can react with tetracycline antibiotics, isoniazid, etc., so that the drug is not easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, weakening the antibacterial and anti-tuberculosis effects.
Calcium ions also tend to cause toxic reactions to digitalis drugs such as digoxin.
Milk taken with anti-allergic drugs such as chlorpheniramine and loratadine can cause histamine accumulation and symptoms such as dizziness, headache, and palpitation may occur.
Therefore, the drug should not be taken with milk and milk-containing beverages, and should not be drunk for 1 to 2 hours before and after taking the drug [8].
05 Chocolate
When taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (antidepressants), eating chocolate in large amounts may cause increased blood pressure, tachycardia, headache, and vomiting [9].
Chocolate is eaten with central stimulants such as methylphenidate, which will enhance the efficacy of the drug. Taking it with sedative hypnotics such as zolpidem will weaken the efficacy of the drug.
In a word, in addition to remembering the above food and drug compatibility contraindications, before taking any drug, you must consult a doctor, pharmacist, or carefully read the instructions.
Quickly forward this article to Mom and Dad~
Reviewers:
Huqin
Pharmacist in charge of the Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
Zhao Shuqing
Deputy Chief Physician of the Department of Neurology/Physical Examination Center of Peking University Third Hospital
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Zhang Nan, Zhao Xia, Zhou Ying, et al. Research status of ethanol-drug interaction[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,2017(4).
Wang Xiaoyan,Qi Junlan. Cause analysis and nursing countermeasures of disulfiram reaction[J].World Latest Medical Information Abstracts (Electronic Edition), 2016,016(083):233-233.
National Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China Clinical Drug Instructions[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2000:637.
Shang Yafei,Liu Chang,Lü Yi. The effect of grapefruit juice on clinical drugs[J].Medical Review,2006(11):695-697.
[6]https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/grapefruit-juice-and-some-drugs-dont-mix
Zhang Jianzhong,Zhou Guirong. The Effect of Tea Drinking on Drug Efficacy[J].Modern Journal of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,2002,11(20):2078-2079.
Chang Ning,Xu Liqin. Research and progress of medicinal water for residents[J].Frontiers of Medicine,2018,008(013):361-362.
[9]https://www.webmd.com/drug-medication/ss/slideshow-affect-medication
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