Everyone's misunderstanding of Liu Chan, The son of Liu Bei, is even deeper, Liu Chan's nickname is Ah Dou, and the "unaffordable" Ah Dou is talking about him, in fact, behind Ah Dou's "Happy Not Thinking of Shu" is the great wisdom and foolishness.
Pictured: Portrait of Liu Chan
After Liu Bei's death, he passed the throne to Liu Chan.
How did Liu Bei die? Because I was seriously ill. And how did this disease come about? It was Guan Yu and Zhang Fei who were both killed, attacked the State of Wu and were defeated by the Yiling army. It can be said that Liu Bei was killed by anger. When he was dying, he was unwilling.
Liu Bei retreated to the White Emperor's City and took the nearby Yufu Yi'an "Yong'an" (妀州城, in Fengjie, Chongqing) to recuperate in the Yong'an Palace in Yong'an City. It is said that Liu Bei initially suffered from dysentery, but even Liu Bei himself did not expect that he might be infected with other diseases, and his condition took a sharp turn for the worse, and he soon became critically ill.
In the first month of The Third Year of Zhang Wu (223 AD), Liu Bei, who knew that the situation was not good, recruited Zhuge Liang from Chengdu to Yong'an. In February, Zhuge Liang went to the Yong'an Palace. Next is the matter of "Liu Beibai Emperor's City Trust".
Picture: Liu Bei Bai Emperor City Tuo Gu (Fengjie White Emperor City "Tuo Gu Tang" wax statue)
Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "Your talent is ten times better than Cao Pi's, and you will certainly be able to secure the country and complete the great cause of reunification." If The Crown Prince Liu Chan can assist him, assist him; if he does not have this talent, you will replace him. ”
Perhaps this is Liu Bei's intention to see Zhuge Liang's intention to claim the title of emperor on behalf of Liu, or perhaps it is his heartfelt words, the truth is difficult to figure out, but it has speculated for later historians that Zhuge Liang had two hearts and was not a loyal minister, leaving a historical tongue. After Zhuge Liang listened, his mood should have been very complicated, and he made the following statement to Liu Bei with tears-
"The subject dares to exert all his strength to be loyal to the Festival of Chastity, and then die!" (Meaning, I will do my best to assist the prince, be faithful, and die.) ）
Liu Bei issued an edict to warn the crown prince that you should share state affairs with the chancellor and respect him like a father. "Don't do it with evil and small, and don't do it with good and small" is also said at this time.
Pictured: Portrait of Zhuge Liang
At that time, Zhuge Liang, together with Shang Shuling Li Yan, accepted Liu Bei's deathbed trust. Zhuge Liang promised to help Liu Chan sit on the emperor's throne.
Liu Chan (207-271 AD), courtesy name Ah Dou, was the crown prince of Liu Bei, born to Lady Gan. In May of the first year of Jianxing (223 AD), Liu Chan, who was already 17 years old at the time, took the throne, honored Empress Wu as empress dowager, pardoned the world, and changed the yuan, known in history as "Hou Lord".
When Liu Chan was emperor, he was still a minor, and the major affairs of the military state were successively entrusted to Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan, and others. Although Liu Chan had the experience of becoming a hostage of Cao Cao with his mother, after all, he did not have the tempering of Liu Bei's selling straw shoes in the past, and he had not gone through the world. Zhuge Liang and other courtiers were still easy to manage when they were alive, and after their deaths one after another, Liu Chan's weakness in controlling the government was exposed, and he became a "unable to support Adou".
Some historians therefore called Liu Chan "Emperor Of Darkness". Chang Xuan, the author of "Huayang Guozhi", believes that Liu Chan is not the Ming Jun of ZTE. This is a more traditional historian's view, and the modern celebrity Sun Yat-sen also sees it this way, believing that Liu Chan is stupid and incompetent.
Pictured: Drama version of Ah Dou (played by Chen Peisi)
"Ah Dou" became synonymous with no talent, the real Liu Chan, may not be so, Zhuge Liang praised Liu Chan: "Talent and benevolence, Corporal Charity." ”
Legend has it that Lady Gan was pregnant and that Liu Chan was born with visions, indicating that Liu Chan would not be an ordinary person. This legend was literarily described by Luo Guanzhong in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Yuan and early Ming dynasties:
"In the spring of the twelfth year of Jian'an, Lady Gan gave birth to Liu Chan. There was a white crane at night, flying to the county house, sounding for more than forty times, looking west and flying away. When I was about to give birth, the smell filled the room. Lady Gan tasted the night dream of swallowing the Big Dipper, so she became pregnant, so her name was Ah Dou. ”
Zhuge Liang supported Liu Chan for 11 years, after which Jiang Huan and Fei Yi (yī) successively ruled, and Liu Chan was emperor for another 30 years, 41 years. For such a long time, if Liu Chan was really an incompetent emperor, he would have been replaced long ago. The same emperor, why the political situation of the Shu state was obviously different in the early and late periods, there were many problems, the important reason was external, Cao Wei was fucking the egg in the back, eager to destroy the Shu Han.
Pictured: TV drama version of Ah Dou (played by Li Tie)
The internal reasons, in addition to Liu Chan's own greed for pleasure and laziness in government affairs, the most important thing was to let the eunuch Huang Hao and other traitors exploit the loopholes, and when Zhuge Liang was not dead, he reminded Liu Chan to pay attention to the fact that he should "be a pro-virtuous subject, far from a villain." Huang Hao took advantage of power and formed a party for personal gain, making even a loyal commander like Jiang Wei nervous. Of course, Liu Chan could not get rid of this matter. Chen Shou, the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, commented more objectively: "Hou Director Xianxiang is the Prince of Reason, and Qiu Shu is after Fu Min." ”
In the summer of Jing Yao's sixth year, the State of Wei sent the general Deng Ai of the Western Expedition, the general Zhong Hui of Zhenxi, and the Yongzhou Assassin Shi Zhuge Xu to attack Shu at the same time in several routes and launch a large-scale "summer offensive". In the face of a strong enemy, Liu Chan began to grant amnesty to the world, changed the era name to "Yanxing", mobilized all the forces that could be mobilized, and thought of all the ways he could think of to resist. However, all these efforts were to no avail, and in the end, he had to adopt the strategy of Guanglu Dafu Zhou and surrender to Deng Ai and Cao Wei.
Pictured: Deng Ai, the general of the Shu Wei Dynasty (image of the TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms")
The scene of surrender was very tragic, Liu Chan used a hearse to pull a coffin, and tied himself up and came to Deng Ai's military camp. Later, Sun Hao, the last emperor of sun Wuguo, also demoted himself to Jin because of his "public opinion", and it is not known whether he was inspired by Liu Chan's move.
Deng Ai was not bad, did not kill him, and personally untied him. The coffin brought by Liu Chan did not come in handy, and Deng Ai burned the coffin, which means that you are at ease, Wei Guo will not kill you.
Later, Liu Chan's family was taken to luoyang, the capital of Wei, and Emperor Yuan of Wei made Liu Chan the "Duke of Anle County" and was even demoted to N rank.
But Liu Chan's story did not end there. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, the Spring and Autumn of the Han Dynasty, once the Wei general Sima Zhao drank wine with Liu Chan and deliberately arranged to perform Shudi songs and dances. The people around Liu Chan touched the scene and were very sad, but Liu Chan "smiled freely." Sima Zhao asked Liu Chan, "Is Po Si Shu?" Liu Chan replied, "Enjoy here, don't think about Shu." Thus was born an idiom - "Happy not to think of Shu", which became a synonym for those who forgot their roots.
Pictured: Cover of the comic strip "Happy Not Thinking"
Is Liu Chan really happy in his heart? In this regard, the author believes that in the kind of environment that may become a ghost under the knife at any time, since he chose to be born instead of martyrdom, Liu Chan should pretend to be crazy and stupid, which is a way of survival, and the survival of the fittest can be said to be wise and foolish!
Liu Chan died in the seventh year of the Western Jin Dynasty (271 AD), and the Book of Shu records that after his death, he was given the title of "Sigong". It was buried in the northwest corner of the ancient city of Luoyang (in present-day Mengjin County), commonly known as "Adou Tomb". Ah Dou Tomb is afraid that there is no trace of it, and even if there is a word, it is a fake.
In the end, should Liu Chan be overturned? Later generations said that Liu Chan, the king of the subjugated country, died and was buried in another country, which made people boo. There is a poet Yun: "When Ah Dou's grave was before, you can see the tear marks on the prison cart?" ”