Zhang Zuoxiang and Zhang Zuolin, the names are only one word apart, and the two are similar in age, and they are both generals from the Northeast Army, Zhang Zuoxiang is always under Zhang Zuolin's hands, so many people say that they are brothers, at least they are related by blood!
But in fact, it is not, Zhang Zuoxiang is from Yixian County, Jinzhou, and Zhang Zuolin is from Haicheng County, Fengtian, and the two of them are just coincidences in their names, and there is no clan relationship.
Of course, the reason why people say that the two of them are brothers is also related to Zhang Xueliang's frequent call Zhang Zuoxiang an uncle, but in fact, this is just a brotherly relationship between Zhang Zuoxiang and Zhang Zuolin.
Zhang Zuoxiang
Among the many old warlords in the early years of the Republic of China, Zhang Zuoxiang's fame was not very large, he did not have his own independent hills and territory, although he was entrusted with heavy responsibilities by Zhang Zuolin successively, he always leaned on the eldest brother Zhang Zuolin and developed under his wings. It can be said that Zhang Zuoxiang's origins basically rely on the eldest brother Zhang Zuolin!
Zhang Zuoxiang's status in the Fengjun is extremely high, and he is extremely prestigious, and he is a veritable "second-in-command", but he has always been only an auxiliary commander, a relatively minor role!
His "auxiliary marshal" has two meanings: First, he has always served as the deputy of the Zhang family's father and son, first assisting the grand marshal in the southern conquest of the northern war, with outstanding merits, and later assisting the young marshal to consolidate his ruling position, which is respectable. The second is that his word "auxiliary minister" and "auxiliary chen" are "auxiliary chen", which is also in line with his identity if it is commensurate with the word.
Let's talk about this article about what wonderful deeds this "second-in-command" among the warlords in the Republic of China period really have!
Zhang Zuoxiang was born in February 1881 (the seventh year of Qing Guangxu) to a poor peasant family in Nanzamu Linzi Village, YiXian County, Jinzhou, 6 years younger than Zhang Zuolin. His ancestors were from Shenxian County, Hebei Province, who had been engaged in farming for generations, and later in order to make a living, his ancestors fled from Hebei to The Guandong and fled to Jinzhou YiXian County.
Zhang Zuoxiang's father could not make a living by farming, so he started a side business in his spare time, became a "drummer", and whenever there was a red and white wedding and white wedding and funeral in the countryside, he would go to blow and beat people's homes to earn a little money to supplement the family.
However, Zhang Zuoxiang's parents know that whether it is farming and farming, or blowing trumpets and drums, it is not a long-term solution, let alone change the nature of poverty, and if you want to change the status quo, there is only one way, that is, to let your children go to school!
For the poor, reading may be a radical change of fate! To this end, Zhang Zuoxiang's parents gritted their teeth and offered him a study.
Zhang Zuoxiang - stills
At that time, due to the poverty of his family, Xiao Zhang Zuoxiang had not gone to school for a day by the age of 9, and he did not even have a scientific name. Before his parents sent him to school, they asked the teacher to give him a scientific name. It just so happened that his mother had a good dream on this day, dreaming that her son had a hair, wearing a golden official robe, and became the prime minister above ten thousand people under one person...
Mr. Private School has money, and he has to say good things in passing, so he casually says: "Dreaming of being the prime minister" is a good sign, so let's name it "Making a Picture"!
Unexpectedly, Mr. Private School became a slur, and although Zhang Zuoxiang did not become the prime minister later, his status was no different from that of the prime minister in the northeast where the warlords were divided. So much so that later Zhang Zuoxiang made a mark, remembering this experience when he was a child, and specially recommended the private school gentleman to be a minor official, as a reward.
However, due to the limitations of family conditions, Zhang Zuoxiang eventually dropped out of private school after only three years!
At the end of the 19th century, when there were frequent wars, Zhang Zuoxiang wandered to make a living in other places, was often bullied, and deeply felt the injustice of the world. In 1902, he went to Xinmin to join Zhang Zuolin's insurance team.
The so-called "insurance team" is actually just a "bodyguard" who escorts the local landlords, and its essence is still bandits. However, due to the growing power of Zhang Zuolin's bandits, he was not only hated by other bandits in the surrounding areas, but also became a thorn in the eyes of the government, a thorn in the flesh, and always wanted to eliminate it.
However, at that time, the Qing government was already corrupt and self-conscious, and there was no extra strength to suppress these bandits, and finally had to adopt the method of "recruiting security" in order to "attack thieves with thieves" and "turn thieves into good". This is actually the same as Liangshan Zhao'an in "Water Margin"!
Zhang Zuolin
However, because of this, Zhang Zuoxiang and Zhang Zuolin have since changed from bandits to imperial court officials. In 1903, the Xinmin Patrol Guerrilla Group was established, and the Qing government appointed Zhang Zuolin as the pipe belt (company commander) and Zhang Zuoxiang as the pipe belt (battalion commander) of the first battalion of cavalry.
Since then, Zhang Zuoxiang has been continuously promoted and reused by his eldest brother Zhang Zuolin, becoming the second most important person among the warlords of the Feng clan. In 1916, Zhang Zuolin was appointed governor and governor of Fengtian Province, and Zhang Zuoxiang was appointed commander of the infantry brigade of the 27th Division of the Fengtian Army.
At the beginning of Zhang Zuolin's reign, due to the reuse of Wang Yongjiang, Tang Yulin's strong dissatisfaction was aroused, and the two turned against each other. Tang Yulin also joined forces with Zhang Jinghui, Sun Liechen, Zhang Zuoxiang and others to bring guns to Zhang Zuolin, asking him to depose Wang Yongjiang, and even forced Zhang Zuolin to obey under the threat of resigning as a whole.
At first, Zhang Zuoxiang was on Tang Yulin's side, because as an old-fashioned fengjun faction, Zhang Zuoxiang also supported Tang Yulin against Wang Yongjiang. However, as the situation expanded, when Tang Yulin turned from anti-Wang Yongjiang to anti-Zhang Zuolin, he immediately turned the muzzle of the gun, sided with Zhang Zuolin, and helped him deal with Tang Yulin with all his might until he was dismissed.
In this incident, Zhang Zuo showed absolute loyalty to Zhang Zuolin, and Zhang Zuolin also trusted Zhang Zuoxiang very much from then on, and constantly promoted and reused him, making him the second most important person in the Feng army and a loyal "auxiliary marshal" around Zhang Zuolin.
In 1924, The Governor of Jilin Province, Sun Liechen, died of illness, and Zhang Zuo successively served as the Governor and Governor of Jilin Province until the "918" Incident in 1931.
Zhang Zuoxiang was born into a poor peasant, emphasized filial piety, lectured on morality, and had extremely deep feelings for his hometown fathers and elders in the northeast. Therefore, during his tenure, he had the traditional idea of "protecting the border and the people". First, pay attention to strengthening local military forces and safeguarding local peace; second, pay attention to the construction of people's livelihood, such as building railways, establishing Jilin University, building running water, strictly investigating opium, and so on;
These efforts of Zhang Zuoxiang have objectively played a positive and beneficial role in developing production and facilitating the people's lives.
When Sun Liechen was in charge of Jilin Province, The finances of Jilin Province were very tight, and the provincial treasury was in a state of loss over the years. It was not until 1924, when Zhang Zuoxiang came to Ji, that there was a change.
At the beginning of 1920, there was no university in Jilin Province at that time, and the newly established Northeastern University in Shenyang was the only institution of higher learning in the northeast, and students in Jilin generally could only go to Peking to attend university after graduating from high school. Therefore, Zhang Zuoxiang accepted the request of the local gentry and decided to establish a university in the city of Jilin Province, Jilin University (not today's Auspicious University).
On August 2, 1928, Jilin University officially began to enroll students, and Zhang Zuoxiang concurrently served as the president. In addition, he also founded a Jingquan Middle School in his hometown of Jinzhou to cultivate talents for his hometown. Among them, "Well Spring" is his father's table word!
During the reign of the Beiyang warlords, it was nothing new for the warlords to cultivate opium for profit. After the Second Fengzhi War and The Guo Songling Anti-Feng Incident, there was a huge deficit in the northeast's fiscal revenue and expenditure.
Faced with such a huge fiscal deficit, Zhang Zuolin accepted the suggestions of his subordinates and adopted the policy of "planting drugs and raising funds", urging the provinces to open up the ban on smoking, and inducing farmers to plant opium. Of course, from the financial point of view at that time, the cultivation of opium and the opening of the tobacco ban could indeed bring huge income, but the ensuing harm was also not small!
To this end, Zhang Zuoxiang expressed his strenuous opposition, saying: "Raising funds for planting poisons is to earn money for the destruction of the country and the extinction of seeds." He told Zhang Zuolin that Jilin resolutely does not grow big smoke, but will pay the tax in full. Among the old school of Fengjun at that time, Zhang Zuoxiang was definitely a "clear stream", and even Zhang Zuolin, the commander of fengjun, sighed to himself!
Zhang Zuoxiang not only ordered the prohibition of opium cultivation, but also during the eight years that he governed Jilin Province, he also issued repeated orders and repeatedly strictly ordered the people and public servants not to take drugs and sell drugs, and those who violated them would never tolerate it.
Realistically speaking, it is precisely zhang Zuoxiang's efforts that have saved the people of Jilin Province from the poison of opium, which is undoubtedly of positive significance.
In 1928, Zhang Zuolin was killed by the Japanese in Huanggutun, and since Zhang Xueliang was still in Beijing at that time, the Marshal's Mansion had to keep the funeral in secret and wait for Zhang Xueliang to return to Fengtian.
During this period, the Northeast Army was leaderless, and the "old-school" generals of the Fengjun Army all hoped that Zhang Zuoxiang would come to power to preside over the major affairs of the Fengtian Army; the "new faction" generals hoped that the young marshal Zhang Xueliang would come to power. Exactly who should be in charge of the government has been debated for a while.
If zhang zuoxiang is undoubtedly the best candidate in terms of seniority, prestige and connections, and he has always been known as an "auxiliary marshal", so after Zhang Zuolin's death, he should be in charge of the northeast.
Therefore, when Zhang Xueliang had not yet returned to Fengtian, the joint meeting of the three eastern provinces publicly recommended Zhang Zuoxiang as the security commander of the three eastern provinces, and engraved a seal letter, and the speaker of the Fengtian Provincial Council personally went to Zhang Zuoxiang's home to hand over the letter of recommendation and the seal letter.
However, Zhang Zuoxiang was still unmoved, insisted on not accepting it, and asked to wait until Zhang Xueliang returned to Fengtian before making a decision.
On June 17, Zhang Xueliang returned to Fengtian and, in addition to handling the funeral of the old marshal, immediately convened a meeting to discuss the issue of electing a new lord in the northeast.
Zhang Xueliang believed that his seniority was still shallow, and it was very difficult to dominate the northeast, so not only did he not fight for power, but instead asked his old uncle Zhang Zuoxiang to come out of the mountains to rule the northeast.
Chang
Zhang Xueliang sent people three times to send the letter of recommendation and the seal letter of the Federation of the Three Eastern Provinces Parliament to Zhang Zuoxiang's home, and Zhang Zuoxiang was immediately moved to tears in the face of the trust and lifting of the crowd. However, he also knew that he was only Zhang Liang's life, and he could not be Liu Bang; besides, he did not have any culture, and it was difficult to cope with the current situation.
In addition, the northeast is the world of Zhang Dashuai, and Feng Jun is the "Zhang Family Army" of others, although he is also surnamed Zhang, but this Zhang is not another Zhang. Moreover, everything he has now is due to the old marshal, so if he monopolizes power at this time, it will be too unjust.
After several thoughts, Zhang Zuoxiang decided to give up this position and let Xian Zhang Xueliang, and said that he would do his best to assist the young marshal, protect the border and the people, and stabilize the overall situation in the northeast.
At that time, some people still advised Zhang Zuoxiang, but he said:
"When the old marshal was alive, he often asked me to take care of Han Qing, and if I took up this post, I would have no face for the old marshal under the Nine Springs." Han Qing is young and promising, his son inherits his father's name, and the enemy can no longer delay it. ”
Zhang Zuolin's father and son have always been loyal to Zhang Zuolin, and he has always believed that the northeast is the world of Zhang Zuolin's family, and it is natural and righteous for his father to die and succeed his son. Moreover, he also believed that he could not cope with the complicated situation at that time with his own ability, and Zhang Xueliang was young and promising, and the new faction was strong, and he would certainly be able to save the northeast from the depths of the water and maintain the stability of the northeast.
However, this was not the case, after the outbreak of the "918" incident, due to Zhang Xueliang's "non-resistance policy", the entire territory of northeast China fell.
At the time of the outbreak of the "918" incident, Zhang Zuoxiang was handling the funeral of his father in his hometown in Jinzhou, and due to the suddenness of the incident, Zhang Zuoxiang became the commander of the light pole overnight, and the Jilin Province he painstakingly managed was also betrayed to the Japanese by the chief of staff Xi Qia.
At that time, although Zhang Zuoxiang sent people to Bin County to form another provisional government, the general trend was gone, and he was unable to return to heaven. Subsequently, Zhang Zuoxiang fled with his family from Jinzhou all the way to Tianjin.
In 1933, Zhang Zuoxiang became a member of the Beiping Branch of the National Government Committee, the commander-in-chief of the Second Army of the North China Army and the commander-in-chief of the Sixth Corps, and went to Rehe to participate in the Battle of the Great Wall.
After the fall of Rehe, Zhang Zuoxiang retreated to Gubeikou! Later, seeing that the Nanjing government had ordered the Northeast Army to resist Japan, and after the defeat of the Northeast Army, it forced Zhang Xueliang to resign, and Zhang Zuoxiang also angrily announced his resignation, and since then he has withdrawn from the military and political circles, moved his family to Tianjin, and has been living in seclusion in the British Concession.
On the eve of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhang Zuoxiang profoundly understood that Chiang Kai-shek did not have the heart to resist Japan, and after embarrassing Zhang Xueliang at every turn, he completely chilled the Chiang regime and never went into seclusion.
During this period, the Japanese also came to woo this former fengjun general out of the mountain many times, but they were all rejected by Zhang Zuoxiang, who vowed to die and did not want to join the invaders and betray his motherland.
Not only that, Zhang Zuoxiang also encouraged his son Zhang Tingshu to join the Red Army and actively resist japan with the red army soldiers!
Zhang Tingshu was the eldest son of Zhang Zuoxiang, who became the colonel in 1923 and was later selected to study at the Chiba Prefectural Infantry College in Japan. After returning to China in 1925, he was promoted to major general brigade commander, lieutenant general division commander and reserve army commander.
Zhang Tingshu - Stills
In October 1937, Zhang Tingshu officially joined the Eighth Route Army. Under the guidance of his father, Zhang Tingshu was also a man of both culture and martial arts, and his joining soon attracted the attention of the cpc top level, and he was cordially received by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and other leaders. Subsequently, he was appointed commander of the "First Guerrilla Column of the Eighth Route Army".
The ministry was stationed in the Xingtai area of Hebei Province, mobilizing the masses on the one hand and expanding the ranks on the other. Soon, the force grew to three detachments with nearly 2,000 men. In the War of Resistance Against Japan, he led the army in a bloody battle against the Japanese and Koukou, and made many proud achievements.
Unfortunately, by the time of the liberation of Beiping, Zhang Tingshu was already terminally ill. In March 1949, after Zhang Zuoxiang died of cerebral hemorrhage, Zhang Tingshu's condition also deteriorated sharply, and he died on July 23 of the same year, at the age of 45!