South China was one of the earliest regions for the Communist Party of China to create a party organization, but after Chiang Kai-shek launched the April 12 counter-revolution, the leading organs in Guangdong were destroyed, but there was an underground party organization that always existed, that is, the Qiongya Column led by Feng Baiju.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek defected to the revolution, in the middle
The Gongqiongya Local Committee turned to rural struggle, and Feng Baiju was ordered to form the CPC Qiongshan County Committee and serve as secretary. In July 1927, Feng Baiju took office
Qiongya rebelled against the representative of the Sixth Route Army of the Revolutionary Army, and in September 1927, he led his troops to participate in the general uprising of the Qiongya Armed Forces, which was the famous Qiongya Column.
Feng Baiju was a capable revolutionary leader who was born in Qiongshang County, Hainan Island, graduated from Shanghai University, and joined the Communist Party of China in 1926. In 1927, the 22-year-old Feng Baiju was already the secretary of the Qiongshan County Party Committee, responsible for the revolutionary work of the whole of Hainan. In 1930, Feng Baiju went to Hong Kong to report to the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, and then rushed to Shanghai, where he was cordially received by CCP leaders Li Lisan and Zhou Enlai.
Before Feng Baiju returned to Hainan, Zhou Enlai said to him: "Your Qiongya underground party organization must seize the Red Army, seize the rural revolutionary base areas, and seize the Soviet power. In the future, as long as we closely rely on the masses, hold high the banner of armed struggle, and persist in the struggle, we will certainly be able to win victory. ”
After Returning to his hometown, Feng Baiju conscientiously implemented the instructions of the Central Committee, expanded the rural base areas, established Soviet power at all levels, developed and concentrated the armed forces of the counties, and established the Second Independent Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Hainan's anti-encirclement and suppression is much more difficult than that of the interior, and this is mainly determined by Hainan's topography; Hainan is just a small island, and the space for maneuvering with the enemy is so large that the slightest carelessness will wipe out the entire army.
The reason why the Qiongya column was not wiped out by the Kuomintang army in the anti-encirclement and suppression campaign was, first, because of the strong leadership of Feng Baiju and others; second, because this unit had lost contact with the central authorities for a long time and had great independence, not to mention that the Kuomintang side did not understand the specific situation of this unit, and even the Central Soviet Region did not know what the situation of this unit was.
In the struggle against encirclement and suppression, the Red Army in Qiongya also suffered heavy losses at one point. In one battle, more than 100 people, led by Feng Baiju, Qiongya Secret Agents, Qiongya Soviet Political Commissar and Guard Company, were trapped on Mount Murui, living a savage life of eating wild vegetables, living in caves, and building banana leaves, fighting against the enemy, and hunger, disease, wind and rain, mosquitoes, ants, poisonous snakes and beasts.
Feng Baiju also encountered many dangerous situations, and once, the enemy surrounded Feng Baiju in a small mountain forest, frantically shouting: "Catch alive." At this time, a peasant surnamed Zhang stood up in the mountain forest and said to the enemy, "I am Feng Baiju." When the other enemies heard this, they all gathered around and withdrew their troops, and Feng Baiju immediately fled into the mountains. The enemy reacted and found out that this was a madman in the village.
In the face of the encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang army, Qiong Zhong fought several times and left dozens of people, but Feng Baiju used his very strong organizational leadership force to restore the troops to the establishment.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Hainan Island became a key place for the Japanese army to attack due to its special geographical location, and the Qiongya Special Committee reached an agreement on unity and resistance against Japan after more than a year of negotiations with the Kuomintang authorities in accordance with the Communist Party of China's anti-Japanese national united front policy, and on December 5, 1938, in Yunlongwei, Qiongshan County, the Qiongya Red Army guerrilla unit was reorganized into the 14th District Independence Brigade of the Guangdong Provincial People's Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Regiment, with Feng Baiju as the leader.
After the establishment of the Independent Corps, the CPC Qiongya Special Committee and the Headquarters of the General Brigade immediately carried out guerrilla warfare with the first and second brigades in the Qiongshan and Wenchang areas, and the third brigade in the Chengmai, Lingao, Danxian, Changjiang, and Thanksgiving areas. After being hit several times by Qiongya, the Japanese army dispatched thousands of people to encircle and suppress the Qiongya column, but it did not have much effect.
In October 1939, the Qiongya Independent Corps communicated with the CPC Central Committee and the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the CPC. In late January 1940, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed the Qiongya Special Committee: Hainan Island should make plans for a protracted war of resistance, should take the whole island as the goal, vigorously develop the party and the armed forces, carry out the work of the democracy movement, and resolutely organize the anti-Japanese struggle of the people of the whole island in spite of any obstacles of the Kuomintang. It is necessary to rely on ourselves and create Qiongdao as a central base for winning 9 million overseas Chinese in Nanyang. The instructions of the CPC Central Committee pointed out the direction of development of the anti-Japanese guerrilla war on Hainan Island.
With the instructions of the central government, Feng Baiju vigorously expanded, but the development of the Qiongya column caused fear among the Nationalist troops on the island. From the second half of 1939 onwards, the Kuomintang troops on the island constantly created excuses to restrict the actions of Feng Baiju's troops, and Feng Baiju maintained great restraint for the sake of the overall situation of the anti-Japanese resistance.
Beginning in 1941, the Kuomintang army launched several large-scale attacks on the Qiongya column, and the Qiongya column could not bear it, fought back, and repelled several large-scale attacks by the Kuomintang army.
In the spring of 1944, the Qiongya Column began to implement the strategy and tactics of "insisting on the internal line and advancing into the outer line" when the Kuomintang army on the island was beaten by the Japanese army and suffered heavy losses, which successfully smashed the encroachment and sweeping of the Japanese puppet army, and not only experienced the most severe test, but also developed and grew. By the time the Japanese surrendered, the Qiongya Column had grown to the size of more than 7,000 people.
In 1946, Chiang Kai-shek sent Han Liancheng's 46th Army to encircle and suppress the Qiongya Column, han Liancheng was an underground party member, and he tried many times to get in touch with the Qiongya Column, but due to the strict organization of the Qiongya Column, there was no successful contact. This also caused a series of misunderstandings, and the Qiongya Column had specially organized an ambush against Han Liancheng, but it was not successful.
In October 1947, the Qiongya Column liberated the whole territory of Baisha, established the Wuzhishan Base Area, and according to the decision of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, it was reorganized into the Qiongya Column of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with Feng Baiju as commander and political commissar.
In September 1948, Feng Baiju led the Qiongya Column to launch an autumn offensive against the Kuomintang army, annihilating more than 3,000 enemy troops and liberating more than two-thirds of hainan island. Premier Zhou commented: "Feng Baiju is a banner of the Qiongya people. ”
At the end of 1949, the Fourth Field Army of the People's Liberation Army hit the Leizhou Peninsula, and Hainan Island was separated by a Qiongzhou Strait, and Feng Baiju, commander of the Qiongya Column, was very happy to know this, and sent a number of outstanding cadres, such as Fu Zhenzhong, chief of the reconnaissance section, Guo Zhuangqiang, chief of the reconnaissance section, and Lin Dong, district chief, to the Leizhou Peninsula to brief the combat troops crossing the sea on the struggle between the enemy and us in Hainan, and suggested that the corps headquarters smuggle some troops to Hainan and increase the anti-"encirclement and suppression" strength of the Qiongya column.
At this time, more than 100,000 Kuomintang troops were withdrawn to Hainan Island, and there were still a certain navy and air force, and Xue Yue quickly reorganized these troops, stepping up coastal fortifications while mobilizing troops to encircle and suppress the Wuzhishan base area where the Qiongya column was active, and the situation of the Qiongya column at this time was very critical.
In fact, many generals in Siye at that time did not support the immediate campaign to liberate Hainan Island, mainly because the Tenth Corps of Sanye had just fought a defeat in Kinmen, which made the soldiers have a certain fear of crossing Hayden Island, and a cadre of the 40th Army shot and injured his leg in order to escape the battle of Crossing Hayden Island, and falsely claimed that it was fought by secret agents. However, Han Xianchu, deputy commander of the 12th Corps and commander of the 40th Army, was determined to fight, and at the meeting in Guangzhou, he and Deng Hua, commander of the 15th Corps, were about to turn the room upside down, and finally Han Xianchu crossed the rank to report to Lin Biao, commander of the Four Wilds, and the Central Military Commission, and the superiors finally agreed to Han Xianchu's plan.
Han Xianchu's preparations for the liberation of Hainan Island have never been interrupted, and the 40th Army's combat training for crossing Hayden Island has also been carried out intensely. In March 1950, Han Xianchu made two consecutive small-scale smuggling trips to the island, successively transporting 10,000 officers and men of the 40th Army and the 43rd Army to the island to enhance the strength of the Qiongya General Brigade.
At 19:30 on April 16, 1950, Han Xianchu led more than 25,000 people from 8 regiments of the 40th Army and the 43rd Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and set sail from the southern tip of the Leizhou Peninsula in 380 sailing ships and 32 aircraft sailing ships. After an all-night naval battle with the Kuomintang warships, he broke through the sea blockade and successfully landed on Hainan Island, and then launched a full-scale attack on the Kuomintang troops on the island with the cooperation of the Qiongya Column. On May 1, Hainan Island was fully liberated.
In the campaign to liberate Hainan Island, the contribution of the Qiongya Column is indispensable, they are on a small island, fighting alone for 23 years, they are hidden in the primitive jungle of Hainan Island, many officers and soldiers do not even have clothes, but still bitterly insist, when the People's Liberation Army landed on Hainan Island, found that more than 20,000 officers and men of the Qiongya Column were still wearing the clothes of the Red Army, after paying great contributions and sacrifices, they finally ushered in the liberation of Hainan Island.