The Beijing Winter Olympics are approaching day by day
Iconic venues
National Ski Jumping Center "Snow Ruyi"
and Shougang Ski Jump
From idea to final build
What kind of process has it been?
Facing some of the Winter Olympic venues
The problem of poor utilization after the game
What efforts have the designers of the Beijing Winter Olympics made?
Let's follow
Dean of School of Architecture, Tsinghua University
Chief planner of Zhangjiakou For the Beijing Winter Olympics
Chief designer of Shougang Ski Jump
Professor Zhang Li
Wonderful speech at the Humanities Tsinghua Forum
Feel the "Beijing Winter Olympics Tour" together in advance
Uncover the secret behind the construction of the venue
Sustainable design concept
The venue used by the "Superman" athletes
How to use it for the public after the game
Chinese romance
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From the very beginning, the design of the Venues for the Beijing Winter Olympics has listed the transmission of Chinese culture as one of the main issues.
▽ One minute to take you to experience how beautiful "Snow Ruyi" is▽
The design of the National Ski Jumping Center "Snow Ruyi" is inspired by "Ruyi". The ski jumping track is an S-shaped curve, and the design team believes that the most suitable traditional cultural element is "Ruyi". However, in the specific implementation, this shape is very challenging, the position of the peak to constitute the "ruyi handle head" can not be too small, but too large load-bearing and problematic, and later the position of the peak is designed as a hollow circle, the load-bearing problem is solved. As a result, Snow Ruyi became the first ski jumping resort in the world to have a large cantilevered building in the top departure area.
National Ski Jumping Center, Zhangjiakou, 2020
The design of the Shougang Ski Jump is inspired by the combination of the profile curve of the jumping competition and the image of Dunhuang's "flying sky" streamer.
Zhang Li proposed that from ski jumping to jumping, tumbling and landing, what kind of Chinese cultural element symbols are used to express the dynamic curves behind these actions? The sport' English name is Big Air, which maximizes its flight into the air, and China's flying sky also leaps in the air. Oriental painting is different from Western traditional painting, we do not express human bones, muscles, and skin through anatomy, but express the traces of the dynamic human body through the trajectory of clothing, so the Dunhuang flying streamer is the best carrier to express the dynamic curve of this sport.
High technology and environmental protection are equally important
After 2010, the IOC began to emphasize the concept of sustainable development in the Olympic Games. The construction of all venues of the Beijing Winter Olympics emphasizes the green principle of the smallest ecological footprint, and it is best for everything to have a protective relationship with nature, and all things cannot leave any irrevocable traces during the whole life cycle. Whether it is the supply of energy systems or the building itself, the technology of local environmental adjustment from indoor to outdoor is full of respect for nature, support for the development of humanistic society, and support for local development.
The location of "Snow Ruyi" makes full use of the natural topography, and the valley where it is located, the drop and shape are highly in line with the needs of the competition, and it is considered a "natural" ski jumping site.
The entire jumping platform of "Snow Ruyi" is supported in the valley, and international practice rarely deals with it because it will increase the difficulty of the project, but the benefits are obvious, and the normal ecological cycle around the venue can continue to be maintained.
Scientific and technological means also escort the construction of Beijing Winter Olympic venues. For example, where the top of "Snow Ruyi" is hollowed out, it is not based on experience to "pat the head", but with the help of human factors technology technology, through the virtual reality environment to test people's residence time in different places, and finally chose to take into account the multi-functional space and viewing experience of the program. In this scheme, the two circles inside and outside are not concentric, about 1/4 of the way, and the top is divided into two spaces, A and B, A space in the front end, which can be overlooked, and B space in the back end, which can hold various activities. After the actual completion, it was tested on the spot and found that the results of the actual test met the expectations of the design scheme.
The Shougang Ski Jump is not only the first permanent jumping platform in the world for big air, but also the world's first permanent Olympic venue set up in the city's industrial site. At the same time, its cross-sectional structure not only meets the requirements of the big jump competition, but also completes the conversion to the aerial skill field within 48 hours by temporarily attaching the regular tetrahedral structure, which is also the first in the world.
"During the design process, we discovered that there was also an additional superhuman mission that we didn't know about before. The big ski jumping competition and the freestyle skiing aerial skill competition often held in the mountains are actually similar, both of which are first skidded and then jumped, and the air churns and then lands, but the curves of the two competitions are not the same, the two competitions have never thought of being held in one place before, but there is an opportunity for change in the Project of Shougang. Zhang Li said.
The "Superman" arena is moving closer to ordinary people
The legacy of Olympic venues has always been a problem for national Olympic committees, and some of the heavily built Winter Olympic venues have even been abandoned after the Games. Zhang Li introduced that the Beijing Winter Olympics adhere to the concept of sustainable development, proposing that the space or facilities of "superman" must be closer to ordinary people, and the venues are not only designed for the time of the game but also after the game.
"Superman" also has ordinary human moments. Ski jumpers have about 0.3 seconds to focus on the surrounding scenery before starting to ski, which will have a great impact on his mood for jumping and future performance. The design of "Snow Ruyi" allows athletes to see the Ruins of the Great Wall on the distant mountain peaks in 0.3 seconds before starting to ski, and this cultural association and visual fit can take care of his ordinary moments.
"Snow Ruyi" is roughly divided into 3 parts: the peak, the middle section and the bottom. Designed as a multi-purpose space, the pinnacle is equivalent to a club, which can be used for conferences, exhibitions, weddings and more after the game. At the bottom is a 90-meter stadium that can be used for regular large-scale events, with an audience capacity of up to 10,000 people, and large-scale cultural and sports activities such as football matches and concerts can be held after the Winter Olympics.
In the past, the jumping platform of the Winter Olympics jumping platform venue had a gap of more than 100 meters, which ordinary people could not use and could not provide a good sightseeing experience. Therefore, the "Snow Ruyi" design follows a principle often used in urban design or destination design, "2.5 hours of slow travel experience". For example, climbing a mountain, climbing from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, if it is a 2.5-hour complete experience, we will think that this is a destination journey, and the process will remain in the memory and become something meaningful. The "Ice Jade Ring" has a circumference of 1.7 kilometers and a height of 7 meters from the ground, connecting "Snow Ruyi", the National Biathlon Center, the National Cross-Country Skiing Center, the Mountain Broadcast Center and the Technical Officer Hotel, which is convenient for spectators to travel back and forth between the venues, forming a slow travel experience.
The Shougang Ski Jump also led to the transformation of Shougang's old industrial zone, which is for the development of Shougang's old industrial zone in the next ten or even twenty years. Whether it is the steps by the lake in the park that allow visitors to sit and rest at any time, the most beautiful skyline in Shougang that perfectly integrates with the surrounding cooling towers, and some venues that can be rented as creative office space after the game, every ingenuity adheres to the concept of sustainability.
Zhang Li said: "This is a transformation project of industrial heritage, Shougang is already a business card of Beijing's industrial heritage combined with urban renewal, how to continue the memory of industrial heritage? Four cooling towers plus the West Hill in the back and the cooling pool in front form a skyline, how can you join a new jump without destroying this skyline? We turn to human factors technology, put all the possible directions that can be chosen, starting from the southeast, every 5 degrees to do a test scene, and then ask the old workers, old decision makers, and old managers who have lived in Shougang for 30-40 years to help judge. We are very happy to see that the old Shougang people, some of whom are already helping to prepare for the Winter Olympics, have become the security personnel around them, and they will stand on the side of Qunming Lake and point to that side, and enthusiastically introduce: 'This is our Shougang ski jump, the jump platform of the Winter Olympics.' For us, the words 'our Shougang's' are the biggest encouragement. ”
Shougang Ski Jump Center, overlooking from the north bank to the south
Architecture: from us, for us
Zhang Li said that good design comes from life and serves life. Designers extract tasks from vague questions, from shared tasks, roaming tasks, destination tasks to identification tasks, which are common tasks that serve urban life. The groups targeted by the Olympic venues have expanded from coaches, referees and athletes serving sports competitions to more ordinary people who like sports, families who like cultural tourism, urban community groups that like cities and natural environments, and even through the dissemination of the Internet and television, they have reached groups with common values in the world.
As long as we are designing and transforming the space on the surface, we are facing people's needs for a better life, so the data that designers rely on or the records of human factor tests do not change the objects of service, but only allow designers to better serve these objects with more accurate methods. Therefore, this method is not only suitable for large-scale competition facilities such as Winter Olympic venues, but also can be applied to the renovation design of all spaces in the city. The problems that architectural design has to solve, the data that design relies on judgment, always comes from life, from everyone in our lives, and relies on these data to try to find answers to problems, which in turn serve the people in life. That's why architecture has to come from us, for us.
Source| Humanities Tsinghua
Image | "Humanistic Tsinghua" forum
Tsinghua Architectural Design and Research Institute Jianmeng Studio
Typesetting | Gong Xinran
Editor| Gong Xinran, Li Motong, Zhao Shujing