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Beginning in 1952, the Chinese Volunteer Army launched a vigorous cold gun and cold gun campaign, which, as the name suggests, was to "hit a live target with cold guns and cold guns", and its slogan was "let the enemy bow his head".
Cold gun movement is a sniper or scout using superb shooting skills, swimming around the United Nations position, through hunting or sneak attack to eliminate the enemy, can also reconnoiter the target to provide coordinates for the cold gun, its main combat target is the enemy within 500-1000 meters.
Cold artillery movement, also known as guerrilla artillery movement, is mainly the use of artillery or rocket artillery, through sporadic precision shooting, the use of the least amount of ammunition to destroy the enemy garrison, or blow up a large number of enemies, its main combat target is 500-3000 meters of targets.
The reason for the cold gun and cold artillery campaign is because since the winter of 1951, China and the United Nations army have entered the stage of positional warfare, because the United Nations army has obvious firepower superiority, the average one army is equipped with nearly 1500 artillery pieces, which is nearly 8 times that of the volunteer army. In addition, the United Nations army took advantage of the superiority of tanks and drove directly to the front of our army to bomb and strafe, so that the volunteers could not raise their heads in the tunnel.
With the support of artillery and tanks, the United Nations army became increasingly arrogant, and they directly repaired the guard position not far in front of the volunteer position, and the soldiers ate and drank spicy food in front of the line, and sometimes danced, sunbathered, and dined together, which was very arrogant.
In order to defuse the inferiority in equipment and to combat the arrogance of the enemy, some units of the Volunteer Army began to spontaneously ponder the "local method", they gathered the soldiers with better archery skills, and after a simple training, they let them show their magic and snipe the enemy's forward soldiers. At the same time, experienced gunners are organized to blow up important enemy targets in a targeted manner.
Who fired the first shot and started the cold gun movement? There are two theories.
One said that it was a deputy company commander of the Forty Army, named Xu Shizhen.
Xu Shizhen is notoriously violent. That day in the Huangji Mountain position, Xu Shizhen watched the British soldiers dancing in the opposite position, and the more he looked, the more angry he became, this group of hateful invaders! At that time, he forgot the order "no random shooting", picked up a rifle, and hit a British soldier with one shot.
It's so much fun!
Xu Shizhen took advantage of the fact that other British soldiers had not yet reacted, fired more than a dozen shots in a row, and killed 7 British soldiers in succession, becoming famous in the First World War.
Instead of punishing Xu Shizhen for violating discipline, his superiors approved and praised him. The power of example is infinite, the whole army of the volunteer army set off a climax of sniping at the enemy, and the cold gun and cold artillery movement was launched in full swing.
The second said that it was the 230 regiment of the Twenty-sixth Army. They organized the regiment's first-class shooters, taking the lead in the cold gun campaign, and through the "live target" competition, they killed 14 enemy people in succession, using only 29 rounds of ammunition.
It doesn't matter who fired the first shot first, what matters is that the movement is already in full swing. In this campaign, the most eye-catching is the Fifteenth Army, which annihilated 19,921 enemy troops in nine months, of which 40% (that is, nearly 8,000 people) were caused by cold guns, but the casualties of the Fifteenth Army itself were only a staggering 35, and the casualty ratio between the enemy and us reached 569:1, which is very rare in the history of world wars.
The glorious history of the Fifteenth Army in the cold gun and cold artillery movement began at the time of the Battle of Shangganling. At that time, the 135th Regiment of the 15th Army was holding out on the high and low positions of 537.7 in Shangganling, and a new soldier, named Chen Fenglou, aimed at an American soldier who was basking in the sun on the opposite US position and was killed with one shot.
Chen Fenglou's actions triggered a small climax of cold gun killings throughout the Fifteenth Army, and a company of the 135th Regiment sniped and killed more than 300 soldiers of the US Seventh Division with cold guns in two months.
Later, the US Seventh Division withdrew, and the Han Second Division took over the defense, and was also beaten without temper. Later, the Han Second Division gave the 537.7 heights garrisoned by the 135th Regiment a nickname "Sniper Ridge". In 1961, after the war, the United States made a special movie called "Sniper Ridge", which is to say this matter.
In addition to the Fifteenth Army, other units also had outstanding performances in this cold gun and cold artillery campaign, such as the Twelfth Army, which spent three months sniping and killing more than 2,500 enemy soldiers, and only 11 casualties.
The Fifteenth Army and the Twelfth Army did a good job in collectively "fighting cold guns", but the Twenty-fourth Army had an impressive record in cultivating and discovering individual heroes, and they cultivated Zhang Taofang, who was known as the "sniper god".
Zhang Taofang is a very talented "sharpshooter", when he was only 22 years old, less than four months after coming to the Front Line of Shangganling, a proper recruit egg, but just in time to catch up with the boom of cold gun and cold gun movement, eager to make a meritorious contribution, he took up his gun and began to practice shooting. After practicing, Zhang Taofang found that she was "the material for the sniper!" In just over half a month, he actually sniped and killed more than 70 enemies! An average of 2-3 rounds can kill an enemy.
This data is so amazing that many people do not believe it, thinking that it must be a false report of battle achievements. Not to mention others, even Pi Ding, the commander of the Twenty-fourth Army, did not believe it, and arranged for someone to verify it in person.
Who is Pi Dingjun? That's a fierce general who has experienced great winds and waves. Thinking that when he led a team of five thousand people to carry out the mission of nine deaths, everyone thought that this was a mission that must die, but Pi Dingjun actually led the team to successfully complete the cover and the task of the palace, and also rushed left and right among hundreds of thousands of enemy troops, turned to more than a thousand kilometers in the three provinces, and miraculously jumped out of the encirclement! Since then, the name of "leather brigade" has resounded throughout the north and south of the river. In 1955, Pi Dingjun was originally a major general, and Mao Zedong personally instructed that "Pi has meritorious service, and less jin is promoted."
Pi Dingjun arranged for someone to check Zhang Taofang's archery on the spot, saying that if it was true, he would be rewarded with a pair of leather boots, and if it was fake, get out of the egg as soon as possible. In the face of the on-site "interview", Zhang Taofang was not in a hurry, almost one shot at a time, directly calmed the on-site inspectors, and immediately went back to report to Pi Dingjun. Pi Dingjun was overjoyed, said what he said, and gave the leather boot award to Zhang Taofang.
Affirmed by the commander, Zhang Taofang's enthusiasm was even higher, sniping and killing more than 210 enemies in 31 days, sniping an average of 7 enemies a day, while sniping an enemy used less than 2 rounds on average! Under his encouragement, his squad took up guns and snipeed the enemy, and the whole class sniped and killed nearly 800 enemy people, and was awarded the third class of collective merit. Zhang Taofang personally created a personal record for annihilating the enemy, and his class created a record for annihilating the enemy in the squad. Since then, the legend of the "sniper god" has begun to spread widely.
In addition to these "sharpshooters", there are many "sharpshooters", such as Peng Liangyi, who is only nineteen years old, can kill more than 120 enemy enemies with more than 80 mortars, and his best record is to kill 18 enemies and destroy more than 400 enemy large-caliber shells in one day. Another example is the gunner Tang Zhanghong, who annihilated more than 400 enemy people.
At the same time, the "sharpshooter" and the "sharpshooter" also cooperated with each other and achieved very good results. For example, artillerymen are responsible for blowing up bunkers where the enemy is hiding, and gunners are responsible for sniping enemies who have escaped from the bunkers.
It is these cold guns and cold cannons that not only annihilate the enemy's living forces, but also effectively suppress the arrogance of the enemy, the enemy hides in the trenches, let alone stands up, does not even dare to show his head, and morale is extremely low. According to incomplete statistics, from March 1952 to July 1953, the volunteer army killed and wounded 52,000 Un Troops such as the United States and South Korea, with an average of one soldier killed or wounded every 2 bullets, a tank was damaged every 30 shells, and 25 shells destroyed a car, achieving very remarkable results.