In the late Three Kingdoms period, in 263 AD, the State of Wei divided into three large armies to attack Shu, and after Deng Ai's surprise army crossed the Heavenly Danger Sword Pavilion guarded by Jiang Wei, he directly took Chengdu, which had no troops to defend, and the later lord Liu Chan had no choice but to go out of the city and surrender, and the Shu Han regime collapsed.
In 279, Sima Yan, the Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, sent a six-way army to attack Wu, and the following year, several Jin armies met at the capital of Eastern Wu, Jianye (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu), and the late Wu emperor Sun Hao, who had become a turtle in an urn, had to lead his subjects to surrender to the Western Jin.
At this point, the era of heroes and wonderful Three Kingdoms came to an end, and the general trend of the Three Kingdoms was attributed to the Western Jin Dynasty, which is the so-called "general trend of the world, and it will be divided for a long time, and it will be divided for a long time".
What interests later generations of historians is that Liu Chan and Sun Hao, as the kings of the fallen kingdom, were treated completely differently in the Cao Wei and Jin dynasties after they were captured.
Sima Yan, the Emperor of Jinwu, was a more accomplished emperor, who succeeded his father Sima Zhao in destroying the Shu Han regime and eliminated Eastern Wu, which was divided in Jiangnan, and achieved the great cause of unifying the world.
Moreover, Sima Yan was also a relatively generous emperor, and he did not exterminate the two kings of Shu Han and Eastern Wu, and let them all die well, but only made a difference in their treatment.
When Liu Chan was escorted to Luoyang, the capital of the Wei state as the earliest king of the fallen kingdom, the titular emperor Cao Huan was quite good to Liu Chan, and sima Zhao, the powerful minister, was also good to Liu Chan, not only sealing Liu Chan as the Duke of Anle, but also eating ten thousand households, giving silk ten thousand horses, slaves and hundreds of people, and many other rewards.
Moreover, the treatment of Liu Bei's descendants was also good, in the Jin Dynasty, there were many people Liu Bei's descendants were enfeoffed, and it was rare for a victorious country to treat the clan of a defeated country with such preferential treatment.
After Liu Chan's death, the Jin Dynasty officials also called it "Hōng in Luoyang" in the seventh year of the first year of Gongtai". You know, in ancient society, the name after death is strictly stipulated, the death of the son of heaven and the emperor is called "collapse", the death of other princes or princes with titles is called "Xue", the death of ordinary officials can only be called "卒", as for ordinary people, it is simply a "death" word.
When Sun Hao was captured in Luoyang, he was treated much worse than Liu Chan, and Sima Yan's edict simply said: "Sun Hao was forced to surrender in poverty, and the former edict treated him as immortal." Now that he has fallen to the end, he is still ashamed, and his title is the Marquis of Destiny."
Sima Yan's meaning was simple: Sun Hao only came to surrender in desperation, only because the previous edict promised him not to die, and now that he has come with his hand hanging down, I still have great pity for him and give him the title of Marquis of Destiny.
Sima Yan named Sun Hao the Title of "Marquis of Guiling", which clearly insulted Sun Hao, because Liu Chan, who was also desperate, was also given a title of "Duke of Anle", which was a formal title, and what was the "Marquis of Guiming" for? Specially used for the king of the fallen kingdom.
Moreover, economically, Sun Hao also only got "thirty acres of land, five thousand hus of grain, half a million dollars, five hundred horses of silk, and five hundred pounds of cotton", compared with Liu Chan's treatment above, Sun Hao's difference is not generally large.
At the same time, the treatment of the Eastern Wu Sun clan was far inferior to that of the Liu clan of the Shu Han, and they only had Sun Hao's crown prince Sun Jin bai Zhonglang, and the other sons were kings, and only gave a small Langzhong false title.
After Sun Hao's death, Chen Shou, the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, only wrote a sentence without any emotion: "(Taikang) five years, Hao died in Luoyang. ”
Why did the Jin Dynasty officially treat the two fallen kings of Shu Han and Eastern Wu so differently?
In fact, it is also very simple, because Liu Chan was the emperor of shu Han for forty years, but he rarely killed people, and he was completely a benevolent king, and in this regard, he was much more benevolent than Sun Hao.
And Sun Hao, not only a tyrant in the Three Kingdoms era, but also a rare tyrant in the history of our country, he and the later Southern Dynasty Song, Northern Qi those brutal and abnormal tyrants have a fight. His sixteen years on the throne are simply a spectacular history of killing, whether it is a political enemy, a clan, a loyal minister, as long as he sees who is not pleasing to the eye, he does not hesitate to kill.
Therefore, the more generous Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty was emotionally biased towards the "Happy and Restless" Liu Chan, and naturally treated Sun Hao coldly, if it were not for the appeasement of Eastern Wu's subordinates, perhaps Sima Yan would have directly killed Sun Hao.
This article is referenced from: "The Three Kingdoms Turned Out To Be Like This"