After the founding of New China, the United Nations army headed by the United States launched a bloody war with the South Korean government and the North Korean government.
In the early stage of the campaign, the United Nations army led by the United States suppressed our army's advance with an overwhelming superiority, but with the counterattack of our army all the way in the later stage, the United States also panicked.
Just after the start of the fifth campaign, in order to turn the tide of the war, the U.S. army gathered more than 50,000 people, invested 1,600 artillery pieces, more than 300 tanks and ten aircraft, and began the attack on the Chinese Volunteer Army.
Although at that time, less than half of the US troops were sent out by our army, but we won the victory in this iron sniper battle.
North Korea fears causing strife
After the outbreak of World War II, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom were originally prepared to hand over control of the Korean Peninsula to the United States, the Soviet Union, the Chinese National Government, and the United Kingdom to exercise international trusteeship, but later, the United States and the Soviet Union reached an agreement on August 9, 1945, saying that they would take the 38th parallel north as the boundary (the 38th parallel) and divide Korea into two regions, the south and the north, which would be administered by the United States and the Soviet Union.
The united States and the Soviet Union's flagrant division of North Korean territory soon caused resentment among the North Korean population.
At that time, many ethnic movements were set off in the Korean region in an attempt to establish their own government and seek reunification, and the United States and the Soviet Union also severely suppressed and attacked the North and South Koreas under their control, but their blows did not stop the Korean people's desire for independence.
Since the United States and the Soviet Union were in the midst of the Cold War at that time, the two sides could not go to this matter for peace talks, and it was not long before the North and South Korea formed their own governments.
Both the governments of the North and the South were eager to unify the country, and in the period from January 1949 to June 1950 alone, there were more than 2,000 disputes between the North Korean and South Korean governments near the 38th Parallel.
As the contradictions between the two sides intensified, the two sides finally began a major war on June 25, 1950.
In the early morning of June 25, Syngman Rhee crossed the 38th Parallel and fired the first shot at the Democratic Republic of Korea, opening the curtain on the Korean War.
Since neither government had issued any declaration of war internationally before the outbreak of the war, in a sense, the battle could also be regarded as an undeclared war.
Judging from the combat effectiveness in the early stage of the war, the North Korean government was obviously superior to the South Korean government, and with the North Korean government attacking all the way, the South Korean government was soon in the ascendant, and in order to defend his power in Korea, US President Harry S. Truman quickly submitted a bill at the United Nations Congress, saying that the United States would send troops to aid North Korea.
After the United Nations passed the bill, the United States sent Mike Arthur to lead the United Nations troops to North Korea.
In May 1950, the leader of the North Korean government, Kim Il Sung, secretly rushed to Beijing and expressed to Chairman Mao his concerns about the United States' participation in the war.
On July 13 of the same year, the Northeast Border Defense Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was formally established, and several artillery units were transferred from Henan and other places to the northeast to begin the defense of the Sino-North Korean border.
After doing all this, Chairman Mao also began to exert pressure on the United States in the international community, warning the United States that if it attempted to cross the 38th Line to invade Korea, we would not sit idly by, but the United States ignored this warning of the Chinese and continued to approach the vicinity of the 38th Line.
Forced to be helpless, Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai jointly decided to let Marshal Peng Dehuai lead the People's Volunteer Army on the road of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea.
After the first and second battles began, the Chinese and Korean armies quickly recovered the Pyongyang area that had previously been gunned by the United States, and drove the United Nations troops near the 38th Line, initially reversing the war situation in the Korean region.
We all know that at that time, the gap in the armament capabilities between China and the United States was very large; at that time, new China had just been founded, and China, which was in a state of ruin and waiting to be revived, was unable to provide sufficient military supplies and materials for the volunteer army, and looking at the United States, they not only had sufficient food and clothing, but also extremely advanced military equipment, so we fought this battle particularly difficultly.
In the early stage of the operation, it is better to say that the volunteer army can still rely on the materials it has brought before to complete the supply, but when the fifth campaign broke out in late April 1951, our military supplies soon had major problems.
Think of tricks with the weak winning the strong
Due to the excessively fierce offensive in the early stage and the length of the front line, there were huge loopholes in the supply of our army, saying that the soldiers and horses did not move, the grain and grass went first, and after losing the logistical supply, we were also soon at a disadvantage.
After consultation, the commander of the volunteer army asked our army to first withdraw and resupply, and then launch a new round of offensive after the supplies were completed; originally this retreat was just a very ordinary tactical retreat, but shortly after our army left the front line, General Manager Peng learned a news that made him frightened.
It turned out that the intelligence personnel stationed at the front line found that just as our army was retreating, the commander-in-chief of the United Nations army, Ridgway, conducted secret training for the United Nations army, and all indications showed that Ridgway was preparing to counterattack the volunteer army.
For the sake of safety, Peng Dehuai had to order the volunteer army to shrink the entire line, first retreating to the north of the 38th line to build fortifications.
Sure enough, as Mr. Peng expected, the United Nations army suddenly launched an attack on the volunteers, and in order to succeed in this raid, Ridgway and others made extremely adequate preparations.
Tetsuwon-gun is located in the central region of the Korean Peninsula, which is the railway hub of North and South Korea, and its traffic is extremely accessible.
The area extends south to Seoul, the political center of South Korea, and north to Pyongyang in North Korea, and the local food is extremely abundant and the population is extremely large, so this place has become a place where the enemy and us must fight.
In order to win the battle, the U.S. army quickly united with other national forces, investing more than 50,000 troops here, as well as thousands of artillery and heavy weapons such as tanks and aircraft.
Looking at the 63rd Army of the Volunteer Army, there were only three divisions left, and the total number of volunteers at that time was not enough to 25,000.
In terms of numbers, we are more than half as few as the U.S. army, and when we raise weapons, our side is even more miserable, and the volunteer army is not only sparsely armed, but also completely without the support of weapons such as tanks and aircraft.
Logically, the United States, which had an absolute superiority in numbers and weapons, could not fail, but the volunteer army had been obsessed with the U.S. army in this area for 13 days with super perseverance.
Although the weapons on the US side are very abundant, their military strategic plan is very single, and since the beginning of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Way the Americans deal with the Chinese Volunteer Army has always been to suppress it with firepower.
In terms of firepower, they do have an overwhelming advantage, but this method of suppression lacks the flexibility that should be on the battlefield.
When VanVleet arrived in the Iron Plains on the first day, he began to launch a fierce attack on our army, in order to quickly suppress us in a short period of time, to achieve victory, the US side actually finished 4,000 tons of shells in an hour, this side of the shells just finished, VanVleet immediately after the tanks were transferred, took a strong attack.
Looking at the inevitable appearance of the US army, Cai Changyuan, commander of the 189th Division of our army, quickly formulated relevant countermeasures, transformed the strength of the entire division of our army into more than two hundred units, and scattered them to various places on the battlefield, so that the US artillery shells did not know where to fight.
Because the Tieyuan area was so large and the place where our army was located was too dispersed, the US army still failed to capture this area after three days and three nights of bombardment.
On June 3, Zhang Yinghui succeeded the 189th Division into the Tieyuan area and continued to start the town guard.
During the reconnaissance, Zhang Yinghui accidentally found that there were many trenches and anti-artillery holes left by the Korean army before under tieyuan City, and as soon as he saw these trenches, Zhang Yinghui was happy.
As is known to all, many senior generals in our Party were born in tunnel warfare, and most of these soldiers who participated in the Kuomintang-Communist civil war also had full experience in fighting tunnel warfare.
After coming here, Zhang Yinghui fully absorbed the combat experience accumulated in tunnel warfare in North China and transformed these trenches and air raid shelters left by the Koreans into a crisscrossing trench defense network.
As soon as the American troops, who knew nothing about this, entered our barracks, they suffered a great loss, and only a few loud noises were heard, and these high-level tanks were planted in the trenches and could not drive. Taking advantage of this opportunity, the volunteers hurriedly fired the improvised anti-armor weapons made by our army against the tanks.
Under the ingenious tactics of our army, the US army lost more than a hundred tanks and armored vehicles in this battle.
Winning victory is amazing
Driving in this defensive network, the heavy armored weapons of the United States could not play their role at all, and in this way, Zhang Yinghui led his subordinates to create a record of repelling the American army with more than forty people and a reinforced regiment, and to this day, many military experts still call this battle a miracle.
Although our army resisted the strong attacks of the American army many times, a few days later, we still lost a lot of land in succession, and when this position was handed over to the 187th Division, there was not much land left, and the American army originally thought that they could take this opportunity to seize the Iron Plains in one fell swoop.
But just when they were complacent and ready to complete the final attack, Xu Xin came, and Xu Xinbing was named "cunning, fierce, and accurate".
After arriving at the Tieyuan battlefield, Xu Xin made a bold decision, he ordered his subordinates to take off all our military uniforms, dressed as enemy troops, crossed the river in a daze from the front of the US troops, and sneaked into the US camp.
The US troops who were guarding the camp at that time did not expect that China would be so bold, and they thought that it was their ally South Korean army in the past! So they didn't stop it, and by the time they reacted, it was too late.
After crossing the river, Xu Xin led the soldiers of the 187th Division with a large number of shells and began a sneak attack on the American camp.
Before the battle began, the US army still thought that the shells in the hands of the People's Volunteers had been used up, so they did not build a defensive line in this regard at all, on the other hand, they did not expect that it was the volunteers who crossed the river in the morning.
When the night raid occurred, the US army immediately panicked, and at two o'clock in the morning of the same day, Xu Xin ordered the attack on the US army began.
In this raid, our army used all its wealth and threw all the remaining artillery fire in its hands into the US military camp, causing tragic losses to the US army.
In this way, the 63rd Army held out in the Tieyuan area for 12 days, successfully killed more than 15,000 American troops, and won the strategic success of the battle.
After analyzing the battlefield situation, it is not difficult for us to see the real reason for the defeat of the US army, first of all, the tactics of the volunteer army are really too strong, whether it is the nail tactics formulated by Cai Changyuan earlier, or the defensive net laid down by Zhang Yinghui in the later period and the surprise attack launched by Xu Xin, all of which provide an important guarantee for our army to achieve victory.
Secondly, judging from the combat effectiveness and fighting spirit of both sides, our army is also far stronger than that of the United States, and the US military has no affection for the land of Korea, originally their morale was relatively weak, and in the course of the battle, they have always maintained their occupation with weapons. Looking at our army's side, the morale of the People's Volunteers is very high. Such a comparison is naturally high and low.
Third, and very important point, that is, our army's ability to cooperate is very strong, although our army's weapons are inferior to those of the United States, but the coordination of our artillery and infantry is indeed very perfect.
It is precisely for the above three reasons that our army was able to achieve strategic success in this campaign under such circumstances, and it is worth mentioning that this war to resist US aggression and aid Korea ultimately ended in the victory of our army.
In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the People's Volunteers not only successfully defended the gate of China's northeast, but also smashed the US plan of aggression and created the scenery of a big country and the self-confidence of a big country.
Although this battle ended with our victory, looking back at this cruel iron-blooded battle, we can't be happy, after all, this victory was bought with the lives of countless soldiers, and no matter what years in this world are good, it is just someone who sacrificed their own safety and sought happiness for us.
The content of this issue ends here, thank you very much for reading, like friends can like and follow, we will see you in the next issue.