In 1950, the escalation of a long-standing border conflict led Tonkin and North Korea to formally begin full-scale war. Under the planned and organized attack of North Korea, the South Korean army was gradually defeated and a large amount of land was lost. After the UN Security Council agreed to the US-led "UN forces" to land on the Korean Peninsula to support South Korea and participate in the war.
With the participation of the United Nations forces, the situation on the battlefield was reversed in an instant. The North Korean army began to struggle, and was driven back to the north of the Korean Peninsula step by step by the United Nations army. Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Army, Mike. Arthur took advantage of the victory to pursue, trying to annihilate the communist regime on the Korean Peninsula in one fell swoop.
Soon, a large number of US troops crossed the "38th Line" on the Korean Peninsula and began to invade and occupy Korean territory. The North Korean army was overwhelmed and retreated all the way. The UN military's advance into North Korea is a direct threat to the security of China's homeland. For the sake of the overall situation, and at the request of the North Korean government, the Chinese central government decided to send troops to support North Korea.
On October 19, 1950, the Chinese Volunteer Army, commanded by Peng Dehuai, was formed and went to Korea. After entering Korea Chinese Volunteer Army and the Korean Army conducted five large-scale operations with the Rokk and United Nations troops, all of which were named after numbers, and the tragic extent of these battles was evident. According to statistics, the DPRK invested more than 1.5 million troops and suffered 650,000 casualties in the Korean War; south Korea and the United Nations invested more than 900,000 troops and suffered 570,000 casualties.
Both sides suffered heavy losses, and the coalition army found that due to the addition of Chinese troops, it was difficult to implement the battle plan as expected, and the war caused its own interests to be damaged and continued to expand. For the Chinese side, the country has just founded a country in ruins and is waiting to be rebuilt, and in the face of this heavy burden of war property, it is gradually beginning to be difficult to support.
In order to prevent the expansion of a local war into a third world war, both sides have the intention of peace negotiations. However, just as the so-called "soldiers are not tired of deception," they are preparing for negotiations on the surface, and they are urgently preparing for war in private.
After five major battles, in order to compete for a more favorable territorial demarcation line. The Combined Forces and the Chinese and Korean armies engaged in a number of skirmishes. Among them, the most famous battles are the Battle of Blood Ridge and the Battle of Shangganling.
After back-and-forth battles, the coalition army could not be attacked for a long time, and had long been exhausted, and finally chose peace talks. In 1953, the two sides stopped exchanging fire, and the Korean War basically ended. But there is an unknown thing behind history, that is, Peng Dehuai actively prepared for the sixth battle after the end of the fifth campaign.
It is said that in order to prevent the United Nations army from counterattacking, coupled with Peng Dehuai's analysis of the war situation, it is believed that it is necessary to prepare to launch the sixth campaign and completely end the war on the Korean Peninsula.
To this end, he submitted his troop mobilization request to the central government: the operational principle of the sixth campaign was mainly to use the terrain advantage to lure the enemy deeper, encircle and destroy, and for this reason, at least 590,000 troops and 250 aircraft needed to be dispatched.
It should be known that in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's industrial base was not yet established, and the number of people could barely be put together, but even if there was money to buy such a "luxury" as an airplane, not many people would fly it. At that time, China's air force was very weak, like a newborn baby, joining the battlefield was a drop in the bucket.
Moreover, throughout the Korean War, the air force of China and the DPRK basically came from the Soviet Union, so whether or not to launch the sixth campaign was related to the future development of the country. If it succeeds, China will shock the world and permanently remove the hidden dangers of the borders; if it fails, China may fall into a dilemma and even trigger a third world war. To this end, the central authorities must go through a lot of discussion before they can make a final decision.
According to the instructions of the central authorities, Peng Dehuai was ordered to mobilize the army first and actively prepare for the sixth campaign. However, we cannot go to war, but we can delay and strive to maximize our interests. After receiving the order, Peng Dehuai began to mobilize troops and formulate battle plans, intending to attack in two major echelons and annihilate the enemy army in one fell swoop.
In the later period, the US military also built a fort and held firm and did not easily send troops, which led to a stalemate between the two sides. Peng Dehuai's sixth campaign was difficult to launch without proper real aircraft. Coupled with natural and man-made disasters, floods began to break out on the Korean Peninsula, our army suffered serious damage to materials, the progress of combat preparations was slow, and the combat effectiveness was greatly reduced.
Summary: Just when the central authorities were still actively preparing for war, the United States took the lead in launching the "Summer Offensive" and the "Autumn Offensive", but after several days of fighting, casualties increased in vain, and the situation on the battlefield did not directly change.
Helplessly, in the face of the hard bones of the volunteer army, the United States could only compromise, and finally ended in negotiations. Mao Zedong also comprehensively analyzed the complex climate of the Korean Peninsula and the actual situation of China's national strength, and finally decided to cancel the sixth campaign.