Eulogy: When I wrote this poem, you were no longer in the world

There is a kind of poetry, it is very special, if you say that it is a farewell poem, it seems to be quite similar, but it is not; if you say that it is a love poem, it seems to be the same, but it is different from the ordinary love poem.

- Mourning poems

Mourning poems, as the name suggests, mourn the dead, this dead person is not someone else, mostly dead wives, of course, often including concubines.

The "mourning poem" began with the Western Jin Dynasty writer Pan Yue (Pan An), one of the "Four Beautiful Men". Before him, there was no such thing as a "mourning poem", and since his wife's departure, he wrote three famous "mourning poems", which has since created a precedent for mourning poems.

"Like the Pihanlin bird, the amphibian is a dynasty." Such as the swimming river fish, flounder in the middle of the road analysis. The spring breeze comes, and the morning mist bears the eaves. When to forget the sleep, the worries accumulate day by day. ”

Pan Yue was not the first person in history to write a mourning poem, but the first person to write a mourning poem is no longer known. At that time, there was no such thing as a "mourning poem", no flowery and complicated rhetoric, only simple and unpretentious heavy sentences.

--Tang Feng Ge Sheng

Ge Sheng Mengchu, The Wild Man. Yu mei died this, who with whom? alone?

Kudzu is a thorn, and the vine is in the domain. Yu mei died this, who with whom? Solo?

The horn pillow is dirty, and the brocade is rotten. Yu mei died this, who with whom? Dudan?

Summer days, winter nights. After the age of 100, he returned to his residence.

Winter nights, summer days. After the age of 100, it is returned to his room.

translate:

Kudzu grows over thorns, and vines grow in the wilderness. My lover is buried here, who will accompany the lonely place?

Kudzu grows over the sour date tree, and the vine grows at the head of the grave. My lover is buried here, who will accompany the lonely rest?

The horn pillows are splendid and the splendid satin mattress is brightly colored. My loved ones are buried here, who will accompany the lonely day?

The summer sun is scorching and the winter night is long. In a hundred years, I will return here to live with you.

The winter night is long, and the summer sun is scorching. In a hundred years, I will return here to live with you.

"Ge Sheng" is written from the vines by the grave, touching the scenery, on the surface is to write about the loneliness of the people in the tomb, and the fact is lamenting their loneliness; from the description of the summer and winter nights, it reflects the author's deep thoughts about the dead.

Zhu Shouliang's Commentary on the Book of Poetry: "Not only do we know that we are the ancestors of mourning the dead, but also the ultimate singing of the mourning poems", and Zhou Meng and Feng Yu's "Hundred Translations of the Book of Poetry": "The masterpieces of the mourning poems of the descendants Pan Yue and Yuan Shu", "Not out of this poem".

——Jiang Chengzi Su Shi

Ten years of life and death are vague, not thinking, unforgettable. Thousands of miles of lonely graves, nowhere to say desolate. Even if they do not know each other, they are full of dust and sideburns.

At night, the ghost dream suddenly returned home, the small window, is grooming. There are no words to say, only tears. It is expected to be the place where the intestines are broken every year, the night of the bright moon, and the short pine hill.

"Jiang Chengzi" is the first eulogy. It does not have the various rhetorical techniques of Pan Yue's "Mourning the Dead", and the wording is almost straightforward. "Small Xuan window, dressing up", "Bright moon night, short pine hill", the collision between dreams and reality, miserable and sad.

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In the past, the jokes behind the scenes are now in front of the eyes

The clothes have been exhausted, and the needle and thread are still not open

Shang still wanted to pity the servants in the old feelings, and he also sent money because of dreams

I sincerely know that this hatred is for everyone, and the poor and lowly couples are sad

Yuan Shu has five poems of "Departing Thoughts" and three songs of "Sending Sorrows", all composed to mourn his deceased wife Wei Cong.

Wei Cong was the younger daughter of Wei Xiaqing, the crown prince at the time, and when she was twenty years old, she married Yuan Shu and promoted her a lot. Yuan Shu was also criticized by posterity for abandoning his first love girlfriend Cui Yingying and marrying Wei Cong, who "helped" him. Seven years later, Wei Cong died of illness at the age of twenty-seven.

--Partridge Tianhe Zhu

What is different from what is wrong with the door?

After the sycamore is half dead and frosted, the head white mandarin duck loses its companion and flies.

Hara on the grass, dew chu xi. The old habitat and the new one are two clings.

Empty bed to listen to the rain in the south window, who picked up the lights to mend clothes at night?

He Zhu had no ambitions in his life, and this time, when he was more than half a hundred years old, he once again came to Suzhou, the place where his wife died, stood in front of the residence where he lived, and wrote this poem.

The allusion to "Half-Dead Tong" comes from the "Seven Hairs" of The Dragon Gate: "The Dragon Gate has a tong, its roots are half-lived and half-dead, and the sound is the most tragic for the world"; "Lu Chuxi" is from the elegy "Xue Lu": "Xue Shanglu, He Yixi." The Ming Dynasty of Lu Xi is more reverted, and when people die and return." In fact, a small "allusion" is used in the last sentence: He Zhu once wrote a poem "Asking The Inside" for his wife who braved the heat to mend clothes, and now that his wife is dead, things are not human, and the familiar room is familiar with the lamp, but there is no one who mends.

- Huan Xi Sha / Naranjande

Who reads the west wind alone cool, Xiao Xiao yellow leaves close the window, contemplating the past and standing in the sun.

Shocked by the wine Mo Chun slept heavily, gambling books dissipated the tea aroma, at that time only the Tao was commonplace.

Naran Zhide, one of the three great masters of the Qing Dynasty, left more than 400 poems, and there were 42 eulogies. "I was shocked by the wine and slept heavily, and the gambling book was consumed by the tea", these things that were only felt ordinary at the time were now impossible to repeat.

Mourning poems

Mourning poems are not all like love poems, and some mourning poems are more like family affection. "Needle and thread still exist" or "pick up the lamp and mend clothes", there is always more affection, "but the eyes will be opened all night long, and the reward for not showing the eyebrows in ordinary life" is even stronger guilt. Although Pan Yue's "Mourning Poems" is a precedent, it is difficult to get rid of the Taikang poetic style of "thick stars and red tape", and the formal skills overshadow "love".

So, what kind of poetry can be written to express love?

Poetry can express the author's thoughts from one aspect, but cannot infer the whole heart. A good mourning poem is not necessarily linked to infatuation; a mourning poem written is not touching enough, nor does it mean that the author is very indifferent.

There are more obsessive men who don't know how to write poetry, or even read, but they know that instead of spending time mourning, they should be better off with the lovers who are alive around them.

Don't wait until the people around us are gone forever, and then we can remember them with poems they will never see.