The Korean War, also known as the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, broke out in June 1950 and was initially only a civil war between the north and the south factions of the Korean Peninsula, but as the situation developed, it gradually joined the United States, China, the Soviet Union and other countries, and evolved into a world local war in which many countries participated in the war.
The Korean War was originally a year after the start of the war, that is, in 1951, but due to various factors, it was fought intermittently until the signing of the armistice agreement in 1953. Interestingly, on the armistice agreement, the DPRK, the United States, and Our country all signed the agreement, but only South Korea never signed it.
The reason for the outbreak of the Korean War
When it comes to the outbreak of the Korean War, it is actually the Soviet Union and the United States that restrained each other in order to reach a balance point during the Cold War. Korea has been a japanese colony since the late Qing Dynasty, and after Japan announced its surrender on August 16, 1945, Korea was temporarily taken over by the victorious powers of the Soviet Union, the United States, China and Britain.
Among them, China and Britain did not send troops to station at that time, and the main troops stationed on the Korean Peninsula were the Soviet Union and the United States. At first, the purpose was to help restore peace and achieve reunification on the Korean Peninsula after the end of World War II, but the two countries have been caught in the Cold War after the end of World War II, and have governed South and North Korea respectively on the 38th parallel north of the Korean Peninsula, which laid the groundwork for the subsequent split between the North and the South.
For political purposes, the United States and the Soviet Union, which are in charge of South and North Korea temporarily, not only severed the ties between the two sides of the 38th Line, but also excluded dissidents, resulting in North Korea completely belonging to leftist forces, while South Korea was completely ruled by the right, and over time it became more and more difficult to unify, and established the Democratic Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea respectively.
Because the Korean people have always longed for the reunification of the peninsula, but the political forms of the two sides are different, and both believe that their own forces should unify the Korean Peninsula, so they have been in constant friction with each other from January 1949 until June 1950, when the war finally broke out on a large scale.
The course and outcome of the Korean War
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korea took the lead in attacking South Korea, and at first it was a one-sided situation, until after occupying 90% of South Korea's land, the United Nations army, mainly The United States army, entered the war and pushed Korea back to the north of the 38th Parallel. Even when pressure was applied all the way north, its shells crossed the Yalu River, and the fighters often circled around the border of our country and repeatedly probed into our territory. After the bombing of Dandong in our country, in order to keep the war out of the country, our country resolutely sent troops to participate in the war at the request of the Dprk side.
After several battles, the US-ROK coalition army was returned to the 38th Line, and it was repeatedly fought in the area around the 38th Line.
On July 10, 1951, both sides realized that it was a war that was not worth fighting for their lives, so the first armistice negotiations were held in Kaesong. In the first negotiations, China put forward three proposals, such as a ceasefire, the restoration of the 38th Parallel as the border between the TWO Koreas and the withdrawal of foreign troops as soon as possible, but because the US-ROK coalition forces did not accept this proposal, it broke down.
After that, in order to gain the advantage of negotiations, the United States and South Korea launched successive onslaughts on the areas occupied by the Sino-DPRK coalition forces, and the war between the two sides began again. In the face of the attack of the US army, our army and the Korean People's Army joined hands to hold their positions, and almost every mile the coalition army had to bleed into a river.
On November 27, 1951, the two sides negotiated again and reached an agreement to establish a military demarcation line in the areas already controlled by the two sides, each retreating two kilometers as a demilitarized area, and the war entered a strategic stalemate.
In 1952, the United States and South Korea rekindled the war and launched another offensive with our side, but at this time, the commander-in-chief of the US army, Ridgway, already felt that the limited strength of the coalition forces could not achieve a complete victory, and the purpose of the fierce battle was nothing more than to exchange more voice at the negotiating table of the armistice.
Especially after the battle of Shangganling, after witnessing a total of more than 2.3 million shells fired on a mere 3.7 square kilometers of land but still unable to occupy the position, the fighting spirit of the US army was completely extinguished, and it was exhausted that it was difficult to launch a battalion-scale attack.
In this way, at 10:00 a.m. on July 27, 1953, at Panmunjom, the two sides finally returned to the negotiating table again and signed the final Ceasefire Agreement on the Korean Armistice Agreement and the Interim Supplement to the Armistice Agreement.
It is worth mentioning that this time the signing of a ceasefire agreement, in the following decades the two Koreas did not theoretically end the war, but has not been a large-scale war.
South Korea refused to sign the agreement
The last thing to say is that as the main warring country of the Korean War, why South Korea did not sign the agreement, it can't help but make people feel funny.
As early as 1950, after the large-scale support of the United Nations army dominated by the United States, the then leader of South Korea, Syngman Rhee, had a fierce dispute with the United States, because Syngman Rhee did not know where the self-confidence came from, believing that the help of the United Nations army for a short period of time was enough for South Korea, south Korea was fully capable of winning the victory, and the rest of the war did not need to be allied, as long as it was left to the South Korean army to deal with it.
Of course, the United States is very dissatisfied with the arrogance of the agent it has chosen, and even once wanted to replace this agent and re-establish a more sober-minded person to preside over the overall situation in South Korea.
By 1953, when the U.S.-based coalition forces were exhausted in the Korean battlefield and had to close the favor and quickly withdraw from the mire, Rhee could not hold back. In addition to the upcoming presidential election in South Korea, Syngman Rhee firmly opposed the signing of the armistice agreement and even submitted a petition to the United States stating that the armistice demand imposed on us by the United States was despicable.
In order to prove that the Rok army in its control is fully capable of going north alone and conquering the entire Korean Peninsula. When the armistice agreement was being discussed, Rhee gathered his elite troops and brazenly launched the Battle of Jincheng.
As a result, this battle has really tested the ROK army, which has been "cared for" by the coalition forces, and in the face of the salvo of 1100 cannons of our army and the situation of encircling and fighting on three sides, the elite of the ROK army collapsed in its entirety, and more than 50,000 elites were lost, just like a basin of cold water poured on Rhee's face, which also gave him a new understanding of the strength of his army.
On the day of the end of the Battle of Jincheng, the representatives of the United States, North Korea, and China signed the agreement, but South Korea, which had been beaten to pieces, still insisted on not signing.