No one is a sage, and no one can be blameless. In the five-thousand-year history of the Chinese nation, there have indeed been few sages, only King Kong Mengzhu, and there are many emperors who have ascended to the top. So, will these emperors make mistakes? The answer is obvious. No one is a sage, and no one can be blameless. Although the ancient emperor was the Ninth Five-Year Emperor, after all, he was only the "emperor" among mortals, not the "saint" in the world.
It is people who always have to make mistakes, and thinking about correcting mistakes after making mistakes is also the logic of ordinary people. Emperors who are honored as the Ninth Five-Year Emperor make mistakes and will also think of correcting them, and they will generally issue "edicts of self-sin" to tell their mistakes and apologize to the people. Among these self-condemning edicts, some are domineering, some are sincere, some are funny, and some make people cry...
The earliest sins are self-commandments
The earliest sin edicts can be traced back to the Xia Dynasty. The Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in China's history, followed by the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and the Shang Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties. The first emperor of the Xia Dynasty was the dayu we know, who ruled the water for three years without entering the house, and was concerned with the family and the world. At the beginning of his reign, Dayu continued his mind of ruling the world for the people.
So when he saw that crime hurt innocent people, he was so sad that he sobbed unconsciously. The ministers under him were overwhelmed and hurried to comfort and inquire, and Dayu cai replied: "In the past, when Yao Shun was in power, everyone could stick to their hearts, but after I reigned, there would still be people who committed crimes, which was really sad. I am sorry for the people of the world. ”
Although Dayu did not officially post and publish it, it was not long before Dayu's words to the ministers were spread out, and the people in the capital and even the area under the jurisdiction of the Xia Dynasty knew that Dayu loved the people.
A guilty sinner
We all know that the Xia Dynasty was destroyed by the Shang Dynasty, but we all overlooked a question - how did the Shang Dynasty control the princes attached to the Xia Dynasty? The answer lies in Shang Tang's sin self-edict.
"The king knows: Er has goodness, and the buddha dares to hide; sin should be decayed, and the buddha dares to forgive himself, but Jane is in the heart of God." If he is guilty, he is giving to one person; if he is guilty of one person, he is guilty of not giving himself. "Roughly speaking, I dare not conceal your goodness; I have made a mistake myself, nor do I dare to forgive myself, for the heavens have seen it clearly." The most fundamental reason why your people have made mistakes lies with Me; I have made mistakes and cannot be passed on to you, or even to your people.
When the princes of all walks of life heard Shang Tang's low-profile expression, they thought about Xia Jie's tyranny. They gradually accepted this new ally and recognized the orthodoxy of the Shang Dynasty. It is also The Shang Tang's responsible sin that made the Shang Dynasty exist in the long river of history for 554 years. In the five thousand years of our country's history, this is already a long-lived dynasty.
Domineering sin is self-condemning
The most famous and domineering sin self-edict in history is Emperor Wu of Han's "Luntai Sin Self-Commandment". On the one hand, the fame of the Luntai Sin Self-Commandment is that the person who issued the Sin Self-Commandment, the fame of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is too great; on the other hand, the role of the Luntai Sin Self-Commandment is too great- almost saving the Western Han Dynasty.
Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty was a male lord who had not been met in a hundred years, and he showed outstanding talent when he was a teenager. History also refers to him, together with Qin Shi Huang, Tang Taizong, and Song Taizu, as "Qin Emperor Han Wu and Tang Zong Song Zu." The most outstanding achievement of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was to defeat the Xiongnu who had plagued China for hundreds of years. During his reign, he went on a crusade to the west, appointing Wei Qing, Huo Zhiyi and others to defeat the Xiongnu, so that the Xiongnu did not dare to "go south to herd horses".
However, behind this brilliance was the overwhelmed finances of the Han Dynasty. In order to ensure the supply of soldiers at the front, the taxes during the Han Wudi period continued to increase until the Xiongnu were destroyed, the people of the Western Han Dynasty had been tortured to death, and the peasant revolt was only a thought.
It just so happened that at this time, this heroic Emperor Wu of Han realized his mistake and, under careful investigation and careful consideration, issued the "Edict of the Wheel of The Wheel of Sin".
"The deluded, the unknown... Now please Toda Luntai, want to rise the pavilion tunnel, is to disturb the world, not to disturb the people also. I can't bear to hear it. ”
After the release of the "Luntai Sin Self-Commandment", Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty also focused the country's focus on developing the economy and recuperating. He issued a series of policies to reduce the people's labor and taxes, and slowly the Western Han Dynasty was relieved by the pressure of the early war, and the country presented a peaceful scene.
Tear-jerking sin
The Ariake generation is the most emotional generation of dynasties. Not only is there a lot of strange anecdotes about this dynasty, but also because the emperors of this dynasty are very grounded and very characterful. "The Son of Heaven guards the gates of the kingdom, and the king dies." It is the most apt summary of this dynasty.
In order to prevent the Mongols, Ming Chengzu Zhu Di personally moved the capital to Beijing; in order to revitalize the ancestral industry, the Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youyi tried to rule, and finally the Ming Dynasty did not survive, but was buried with Daming.
"With cool virtue, zhi inherits the great unification." It means to renew with the world, and to use the old ancestors. Unexpectedly, relying on non-human beings, they have caused rampant banditry... I can't bear to enjoy the will alone. Nian Qi's cloak is a tough adventure, and he can't bear to embroider alone. On October 3, hereby choose to live in the Wuying Hall, reduce food and withdraw music. ”
This was Zhu You's last edict before his death. Zhu Youjian reigned for 17 years, and almost every year he had to issue a self-edict, and he wanted to use this method to find people of insight and save the Ming Dynasty together. But the fate of the subjugation of the country has arrived, and no matter how hard he tries, it will be in vain.
Before his death, he faced internal and external troubles, including the peasant uprisings of Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong, and the tigers of Nurhaci. At this time, he finally saw through Daming's fortunes, so he wrote down this tear-jerking edict of sin. Woohoo!
Sincere sin is self-commandment
Compared with the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty were more pragmatic and diligent. The first emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the Shunzhi Emperor, was a model of this. He issued edicts of sin at regular intervals, not to appease the people, but to sincerely examine the gains and losses of his reign.
"To worship Ci Lun, all things are too much, and it is not indiscriminate, it is the sin of decay... Idle nature, often try to be comfortable... Whether the friendship between the upper and lower levels is blocked is the sin of decay. Everyone is proud of being smart and can't listen to advice... Refusal to speak is the sin of decay... So that the excesses accumulate day by day, and the excessive number of grievances is a sin of degeneration. ”
This is a sin edict issued during Shunzhi's reign, in which he combed through as many as 14 of his sins. He started with violating his ancestral precepts, and then deeply excavated his crimes in terms of filial piety, employment, advice, words and deeds.
He is not afraid of others seeing his mistakes, but directly confronts and even makes people criticize his shortcomings. As the king of a country, he put down his face and worked hard to reflect, which is admirable.
Funny sin self-commandment
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, there should have been no more self-condemnation. For the edict of sin is exclusive to the emperor himself. However, in the Republic of China after the Xinhai Revolution, the remnants of feudal ideology were not completely eliminated, which led to Yuan Shikai and a number of other feudal ministers usurping power and reforming the system, changing the "Republic of China" to "Chinese Empire".
However, after the Xinhai Revolution, the idea of "democracy and republicanism" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the restoration of the imperial system is like a child's family, and in the end it will not succeed. Sure enough, Yuan Shikai abandoned the restoration in the midst of a lot of condemnation. But what is hilarious is that he actually wrote a "edict of sin" in the style of a feudal emperor.
"The founding of the Republic of China ... Fearful of the calamity, the multi-lord restores the monarchy to put an end to disputes... The preparations were used as a pretext, and the hopes of the people were taken as a pretext, but they were not implemented. ”
In his own edict, he not only shirked his responsibility, but also tried to embellish the beautiful words of the restoration of the imperial system and turn them into nothing. However, what he did, in the eyes of some people of insight, was just a self-directed and self-acting joke of a jumping beam clown.
No merit, no fault, blame oneself. The greatest significance of the "edict of sin" to the ancient emperors is not to ask for themselves, but to embellish and beautify their own regime. No one is a sage, and no one can be blameless.
An emperor who lays down his body to introspect himself and correct his mistakes is the most affirmed thing in public opinion, and it is also the most beneficial and cohesive thing for the regime and the country. The above sin self-commandment is carried out in accordance with this standard, and the art of emperorship is to control people's hearts, but it is also this kind of imperial art that has also made history a little more colorful.