Hu Zongnan held a heavy army and stationed in the northwest for a long time, and was known as the "King of the Northwest". Old Chiang Kai-shek once gave him a 16-character policy: "Eastern Imperial Japanese Kou, Northern Communist 'Bandit', Western Defense of Soviet Russia, Internal Deterrence back to Horses." "The Eastern Imperial Northern System, one passive and one active, Hu Zongnan has a deep understanding of this. He made little action against the Japanese army, but often planned attacks on Yan'an. However, Hu Zongnan's every move was under the control of Yan'an, thanks to a legendary underground intelligence worker who lurked around Hu Zongnan for 10 years and obtained a large amount of important intelligence.
Xiong Xianghui, whose original name was Xiong Huiquan, was born in April 1919 in Shandong to a family of official eunuchs. His father, Xiong Shichang, graduated from the Jingshi Law School established in the late Qing Dynasty and served as the president of the Criminal Division of the Hubei Provincial High Court. In 1936, at the age of 17, Xiong Xianghui graduated from Nanjing High School and was admitted to Tsinghua University.
Xiong Xianghui in his youth
In the society at that time, the student anti-Japanese salvation movement rose and fell. Japan first invaded and occupied northeast China, then supported the traitor regime in north China, and instigated the autonomy of the five provinces in north China in an attempt to gradually encroach on China's territory. In this regard, the authorities have gradually retreated and pursued the so-called policy of "foreign affairs must first be at home," which has seriously dissatisfied young students who have been educated by new ideas.
Xiong Xianghui, who had just entered Tsinghua University, soon threw himself into the student anti-Japanese salvation movement and participated in the "Chinese National Liberation Vanguard", a peripheral organization led by the Communist Party.
In the summer of 1937, Xiong Xianghui returned home to visit his relatives, but unexpectedly the "Lugou Bridge Incident" occurred, Peiping fell, a full-scale war of resistance broke out, and soon the capital Nanjing also fell. Tsinghua university and several other Pingbei universities moved south to Changsha, Hunan, but students no longer have the heart to study, and have gone to the front line to defend their families and defend the country. Xiong Xianghui also proposed to the organization that he should go to Yan'an to participate in anti-Japanese activities.
But the task assigned to him by the organization was to join the Hunan Youth Field Service Corps and win work in the south of Huzong. In the Battle of Songhu, Hu Zongnan's 1st Army suffered a heavy loss and was recruiting troops in Changsha at that time, Hu Zongnan himself attached great importance to young students with higher education, and the Hunan Youth Field Service Corps was going to serve in the New 1st Army.
Xiong Xianghui did not hesitate to join this organization, and after a short training, more than 50 service groups rushed to Wuchang by train, where they were personally received by Hu Zongnan. In order to attract Hu Zongnan's attention, Xiong Xianghui studied Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary theory beforehand.
Hu Zongnan would ask, "Why did you come to this army?" The answers were basically similar.
Xiong Xianghui replied, "Come to the revolution." ”
Hu Zongnan asked with a half smile: "What is a revolution?" ”
Xiong Xianghui replied: "Mr. Nakayama originally proposed that the revolutionary task was to 'drive out the Tartars and restore China.' Now 'driving out the captives' means resisting Japan, and resisting Japan is revolution. ”
Hu Zongnan had already noticed the 18-year-old Tsinghua University student, and after interviewing himself, he found that he was indeed talking. Subsequently, Xiong Xianghui was summoned alone, and the two had a good conversation, and after learning that Xiong's father was serving in Wuchang, he immediately offered to eat to understand the situation.
At the time when Hu Zongnan and Xiong Zongnan were having dinner, Xiong Xianghui came to the Eighth Route Army office in Hankou to report, and Dong Biwu received him and explained to him: Although the situation of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists is now better, in the end, the attitude of old Jiang and Hu Zongnan is unpredictable, and in order to take precautions, they can only start playing idle chess and Bu Lengzi.
Xiong Xianghui followed the service group to Fengxiang County, where hu Zongnan's 17th Regimental Headquarters was located, and soon Hu Zongnan sent him to the 7th branch of the Central Army Officer School in Xi'an to study military affairs.
Hu Zongnan took good care of Xiong Xianghui. In 1938, Wuhan fell, Father Xiong lost his job, and the family moved to Jiangjin, Sichuan Province. Father Xiong had planned to exchange a little gold and silver jewelry for some living expenses, but the bank frightened him into saying that he was hiding gold and violating the law. The old man was so frightened that he did not dare to ask for money and ran away, and the family was supported by the teaching of the third sister at Wuhan University (which had moved inland).
The family had no money for the fourth sister to study, and after Hu Zongnan heard that the Xiong family was in difficulty, he took the initiative to arrange for her to be trained in the girls' team of the 4th Regiment of The Battle Cadres, and after graduation, he stayed in the Political Department of the 4th Regiment of the Battle Cadres to work. Xiong Xianghui has an older brother who attends law at Chongqing Central University and has a year to go before graduating. Hu Zongnan asked someone to arrange for him to go to the Chongqing office to serve as a secretary. Later, Xiong's parents moved to Xi'an to settle down, and Hu Zongnan approved a special fee of 6,000 yuan on the spot, and the monthly salary of a major at that time was only 120 yuan.
Of course, Hu Zongnan is all a means of winning people's hearts and minds with President Jiang, on the one hand, Hu Zongnan is indeed a person who cherishes talents, on the other hand, it also shows that Xiong Xianghui is good enough to be recognized by Hu Zongnan.
In the winter of 1938, Xiong Xianghui finished his training at the 7th branch and went to Hu Zongnan's guard platoon for a month as a platoon leader. On one occasion, Hu Zongnan took only two retinues with him on a visit, and stayed overnight in a village on the way. Xiong Xianghui was on guard all night alone, and Hu was greatly moved, and soon after returning to Xi'an, he appointed him as his bodyguard aide-de-camp and confidential secretary.
Xiong Xianghui's duty is to help Hu Zongnan with his daily affairs, including official duties and daily life. According to Xiong Xianghui's recollection, Hu Zongnan was not too particular about life, because he had never started a family, and often ate alone, generally two dishes and one soup, one meat and one vegetarian. Drink porridge for breakfast, eat rice at noon and in the evening. Do not smoke, do not drink tea, and only drink alcohol when you have a party. Generally wear military uniforms, there are no special requirements.
Hu Zongnan's most important thing may be Xiong Xianghui's writing. On the first day of Xiong's appointment, it was just in time for the completion of the river defense brigade of the 4th Regiment of Zhan Gan, and Hu Zongnan wanted to speak at the graduation ceremony. In the morning, Hu Zongnan read the speech written by the secretary while eating breakfast, felt dissatisfied, and asked Xiong Xianghui to write a new one, which was less than half an hour before the ceremony began.
Xiong Xianghui has a precise grasp of Hu Zongnan's preferences, and he likes the slogan-style, slogan-style, passionate, and infectious language. Xiong only took 15 minutes to write the speech, and Hu Zongnan was very satisfied after reading it. Since then, many of Hu Zongnan's manuscripts and letters have been entrusted to him to write.
According to Xiong Xianghui's long-term observation, Hu Zongnan's attitude on the issue of anti-Japanese resistance was very resolute, and he repeatedly mentioned to him the Great Wall War of Resistance in 1933. At that time, Hu led the 1st Division to garrison Tianshui in Gansu, and his Huangpu classmate Huang Jie led the 2nd Division to participate in the Great Wall War of Resistance, which made Hu envious. Later, Hu repeatedly sent telegrams to President Jiang requesting to join the war. Jiang Fudian said: "Garrisoning Longnan and preventing 'bandits' from sneaking north is no less important than the Great Wall to resist Japan, so don't open up to the east for the time being." Later, Huang Jie received a Medal of Blue Sky and White Sun, which made Hu Zongnan feel overwhelmed.
In September 1936, Zhou Enlai wrote a handwritten letter to Hu, including one sentence: "In the past ten years, my brother has become famous for suppressing the communists, and my selfish heart regrets that my brother has not yet become a national hero." Directly poking at Hu Zongnan's heart, this letter he has been treasured around, and also took it out to Show Xiong Xianghui. Hu Zongnan privately had many positive comments about Yan'an, believing that it was better managed than the Kuomintang.
Because of this, Xiong Xianghui also had illusions about Hu, but he showed the same degree of anti-japanese resistance as he was.
After arriving in the south of Huzong, Xiong Xianghui lost contact with the organization and was very anxious in his heart, but Elder Dong had already explained that he should not rush to find the organization and be willing to do "idle chess and cold". It was not until December 1939 that the organization sent people to find Xiong Xianghui, during which the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was generally relatively stable, and Hu Zongnan had not yet shown hostility, so the organization did not give specific tasks, but only explained the policy and situation to him.
In January 1941, the "Anhui Southern Incident" occurred, the relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party deteriorated, and the organization needed to understand the movements of the Kuomintang, especially fearing that Hu Zongnan would attack Yan'an. The organization sent a special liaison officer, Wang Shijian, and Xiong Xianghui also began to play a role. Through Hu Zongnan's itinerary analysis, he had no plans to attack Yan'an for the time being, because none of the troops were mobilized, and through temptation, Hu personally said: "Now I dare not move, I cannot move." Be prepared to move. ”
The information obtained by Xiong Xianghui included Hu Zongnan's personal thoughts and movements, the deployment, organization, and equipment of the troops, and the exchanges between the Kuomintang top brass and Hu Zongnan. Two of the more important ones are:
In 1943, the situation in World War II began to change. The Battle of Stalingrad ended in February, and the Allies began to turn to the counteroffensive. In the Pacific Theater, the Japanese army also completely lost its strategic initiative. On the Chinese battlefield, the Eighth Route Army and the Nationalist Army have made some positive progress. However, germany still posed a considerable threat, and the Soviet Union dissolved the Comintern in May of that year in order to win the support of the Western countries. On the surface, the Chinese Communist Party looks like a weaned child.
Chiang Kai-shek took the opportunity to publish the book "The Destiny of China" and threatened to solve internal affairs within the year. At the same time, he secretly issued a "Battle Plan against the Traitorous Areas of Northern Shaanxi" to Hu Zongnan, and ordered Hu Zongnan to make relevant arrangements. In June, Hu Zongnan made frequent moves, constantly mobilized troops, and planned to attack Yan'an with the strength of 5 armies and multi-faceted attacks, quickly ending the war, calling it "blitzing Yan'an".
Of course, all this could not escape Xiong Xianghui's eyes, who delivered the news to Yan'an through secret channels in early July, and Yan'an was shocked when he learned of this plan. At that time, the shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area had empty troops, and the regular troops only had 359 brigades, and they had been opened up for years, and their combat effectiveness had declined. If Hu Zongnan adopts a sneak attack strategy, the Yan'an head organ is quite dangerous. To this end, Commander-in-Chief Zhu decided to preemptively attack, warning Hu Zongnan by sending a clear telegram on the one hand, and vigorously publicizing it on the radio and newspapers, indicating that our army had already made preparations.
Hu Zongnan saw that the plan was exposed, analyzed that Yan'an was ready, and it was not easy to capture; and the Japanese army also knew that the situation of army movement might take advantage of the opportunity to attack; if he continued to fight regardless of public opinion, it would inevitably cause criticism from his allies and be unfavorable to Old Chiang. So he could only hastily end the "blitzkrieg Yan'an" plan, and on July 11, he called Zhu De and declared that he had no intention of attacking. Xiong Xianghui's intelligence played a very important role in crushing Hu Zongnan's plan to attack Yan'an, and Chairman Mao praised him for being able to top several divisions.
At the same time, he also realized that someone inside may have leaked the secret. Directly asked Xiong Xianghui, who sent the telegram: "Who leaked the secret?" ”
Xiong Xianghui was mentally prepared and replied, "Please ask Mr. Hu to appoint a special person to list and secretly examine the people in Xi'an and the troops participating in the war who know this secret, including me." ”
Hu Zongnan also summoned Liu Dajun, the head of the secret service, to inquire. However, he obviously did not suspect Xiong Xianghui and let him attend a military meeting as usual that night. Because the scope of the investigation was too extensive, this investigation did not have any results in the end.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Hu Zongnan was promoted to general, and he was very happy and decided to fulfill his original promise and escort Xiong Xianghui to study in the United States. Xiong Xianghui temporarily left the south of HuZong, settled his family in Nanjing, and with the approval of the organization, prepared to go through the procedures for studying in the United States, and finally the itinerary to the United States was scheduled for March 1947. Originally, the ferry ticket had been booked, but Hu Zongnan arranged for someone to find him, let him postpone his trip to the United States, and then go to Xi'an as a confidential secretary, and then leave after finishing Yan'an.
On March 2, Xiong Xianghui went to Hu Zongnan's temporary office in Nanjing, and Hu Zongnan handed him a briefcase and asked him to lock the door of the room, draw a sketch according to the documents in the bag, and hand it to him at noon for the president's reference. There were two top-secret documents in the package: one was the plan to attack Yan'an approved by Chiang Kai-shek; and the other was the allocation of troops in northern Shaanxi.
The next day, Xiong Xianghui flew back to Xi'an with Hu Zongnan on a special plane, and Xiong immediately found Wang Shijian, the liaison officer in Xi'an, and reported the relevant information. On March 10, Hu Zongnan summoned a meeting of the various departments, issued a battle order, and decided to launch an attack on foxiao on the 13th. At this time, the latest equipment equipped with the detection of the location of the radio station in the south of Huzong has also found that the radio station in Xingxian County, Shanxi Is dense, judging that the Chinese headquarters is here, and continuing to detect and determine the specific location.
The situation was very critical, but at this time Xiong Xianghui could not go out directly to find a liaison officer. In a hurry, he decided to violate the work rules and risk finding a trusted third party to hand it over. He wrapped up the information in a regular letter, which stated that Wang Shijian, the liaison officer of the gang, had taken the place of him, and then wrote another letter to his old friend Pan Yuran to explain, and sealed it with a special envelope for the commander of the First Theater Command, and sent it to Pan Yuran by a confidential traffic officer of the unit who was familiar with him. There are many links in this, but if one link goes wrong, it is possible to make Xiong Xianghui lose his head, but this is also the only way he can take. Fortunately, the intelligence was finally delivered safely.
Intelligence was continuously sent to Yan'an, when the disparity between the enemy and our forces was huge, and Hu Zongnan used as many as 250,000 troops for the offensive, plus 94 aircraft to cooperate, while our army only had more than 20,000 troops, and the Party Central Committee resolutely decided to abandon Yan'an. Before the evacuation, Chairman Mao made a mobilization report in which he said: "Our army's war is not about the gains and losses of one city and one pool, but about destroying the enemy's living forces. ”
On March 19, 1947, Hu Zong's southern attack on Yan'an, but it was empty. Subsequently, Hu Zongnan personally went to Yan'an, visited the original residences of Mao, Zhou, and Zhu, and found a note left by Mao in the drawer of the cave table where Mao lived in Zaoyuan, which read: "When Hu Zongnan went to Yan'an, he was bound to ride a tiger." You can't go in, you can't go back and you can't retreat, why bother! how! Hu Zongnan laughed after reading it, which was also the last time Xiong Xianghui saw him laughing. On May 20, Hu Zongnan told Xiong Xianghui that there was nothing to do here, you should go to the United States.
From December 1937 to hu zongnan's side, until the end of May 1947, Xiong Xianghui lurked around Hu Zongnan for 10 years, always deeply trusted by him, and did not reveal his identity. Of course, there are also very complicated situations during this period, and it is not a big deal to be able to cope with the past on your own, but two of them are very dangerous.
Once, in May 1946, in response to Hu Zongnan's preparations for a sneak attack on Yan'an, the telegram could not be explained in detail, zhou Enlai decided to use the opportunity of negotiations in Nanjing to personally interview Xiong Xianghui, he wrote down the bear's address in a small notebook, and wrote a bear character on the back. However, when he flew to Nanjing on the special plane of Marshall, the mediator sent by the United States, he accidentally left the notepad on the plane.
After zhou saw Xiong Xianghui, he frankly admitted that he had not paid attention to the confidentiality regulations, made a mistake, and had already made a report to the central authorities, made a preliminary review, and requested punishment. At the same time, he analyzed that Marshall was unlikely to provide this information to Lao Jiang, because it would violate his neutral position as a mediator and bring trouble to the mediation work. In case he wanted to hand it over to Old Chiang Kai-shek, according to the style of the military command, it usually did not take more than half a month from the discovery of the target to the arrest. Therefore, Xiong Xianghui was asked to hide first, observe the situation first, and wait for half a month before acting.
This made Xiong Xianghui very moved, this matter was only known to Monday, but he did not shy away from responsibility, took the initiative to take responsibility, as a high-level leader like him, there was no need to give it to a small intelligence officer and a disk.
Xiong Xianghui said excitedly: "Please rest assured Vice Chairman Zhou, I can handle this matter, in case something goes wrong, it is nothing, from the first day I joined the organization, I swore to be ready to sacrifice at any time." ”
Zhou solemnly said: "Every party member should be ready to sacrifice at any time, but the organization should not let everyone sacrifice in vain." Be sure to do your best to save it, and you can't make a mistake again and again. ”
Afterwards, Zhou's judgment proved to be completely correct, and Marshall did not disclose the contents of the notebook to Old Jiang.
One time was xiong Xianghui who went to the United States to study shortly after. At the end of September 1947, Wang Shijian, a liaison officer in Xi'an, was detected for radio, and was later arrested by the military command and confessed the information system he had mastered. All of Xiong Xianghui's clothes, envelopes, and letterheads in his residence in Xi'an were all confiscated, and it was obvious that Xiong Xianghui's identity had been exposed at this time.
Although he was far away in the United States, with the length of time he lurked, the intelligence he obtained was so important that it was inevitable that he would not be able to escape the pursuit. Based on the kmt's relationship with the United States at that time, it was possible to extradite him back to China with a phone call from the top level. However, Hu Zongnan did not do this, and did not even disturb Xiong Xianghui's family.
According to the book "Inside the Military Command" written by Shen Zui, a secret agent of the military command, Hu Zongnan had a close relationship with the top level of the military command, was a brother in arms with Dai Kasa, and had a fairly close relationship with Zheng Jiemin and Mao Renfeng. After Mao Renfeng learned of Xiong Xianghui's situation, he informed Hu Zongnan at the first time. Hu Zongnan was very surprised after hearing this, and demanded that all matters involving his subordinates be handed over to him, and that he must not tell Old Jiang.
Hu Zongnan to shield Xiong Xianghui?
On the one hand, Hu Zongnan is a very good-looking person, as a big member of the party, he has long regarded himself as the leader of Huangpu, and his status in the jianghu is very high. And the enemy lurking around him for 10 years, but he was not discovered, and he was also sent to study in the United States, if this is passed out, he will not have the face to go down.
On the other hand, reporting it will only be harmful and unproductive to oneself. Hu Zongnan followed old Jiang for decades and was deeply trusted, so that he had such a status as he has today. If things are poked out, Old Jiang will definitely blame them. Even if Old Jiang didn't blame him, Chen Cheng and others, who had always had contradictions with him, would probably take the opportunity to make trouble.
Xiong Xianghui has already left the United States, and to extradite is bound to alarm the diplomatic system and the top brass, and then there will be no secret. Under the trade-off, it will not be pursued.
In July 1949, Xiong Xianghui returned to China after completing his studies in the United States. In November of that year, Zhou Enlai revealed Xiong Xianghui's identity when he met with Zhang Zhizhong's guests. Zhang Zhizhong asked curiously, "Old Brother Xiong, why did you also revolt?" Zhou smiled and said, "He is not an uprising, he is returning to the army." Everyone was puzzled, and Zhou pointed at Xiong Xianghui and said, "He joined the party in 1936 and was ordered to help Hu Zongnan resist Japan." ”
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xiong Xianghui served in many important departments such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the General Staff, and played a very important role in 1975. Xiong Xianghui's legendary life has made great contributions to the revolutionary cause and is worth remembering. In the revolutionary years, there were many underground intelligence workers like him, and Xiong Xianghui was one of the luckiest ones. Most of them have been drowned in the rolling tide of history, giving their precious lives for the revolution. It was precisely these predecessors whose names we do not know constituted the unstoppable tide of that era. #胡宗南 #
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