Hello everyone, I am learning from history.
In the third episode of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Discussing Wenming Dong Zhuo Ling Ding Yuan, Feeding Jinzhu Li Su Said Lü Bu", Dong Zhuo seized power after entering Beijing and planned to depose the emperor, and the hundred officials did not dare to say anything, only Yuan Shao expressed different opinions. As soon as Dong Zhuo saw that someone was opposed, he immediately became angry and threatened: "The affairs of the world are mine!" I am doing it now, who dares not follow! Is it not good to see my sword? ”
As a result, Yuan Shao not only did not shy away from the stage, but also drew his sword: "Ru sword is sharp, my sword is not unfavorable!" "Two against each other at the feast.
This story can be said to be one of the few times after Dong Zhuo entered Beijing, and it is also one of the highest moments in Yuan Shao's life. In various versions of novels, operas, film and television dramas, the confrontation between Yuan Shao and Dong Zhuo with swords is also a very classic scene, which has always been a scene that the audience is very happy to see.
In fact, this story is only recorded in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" for a short sentence, when Yuan Shao heard that Dong Zhuo planned to depose the emperor and establish Chen Liuwang, Yuan Shao did not dare to go back directly, but said in the name of his uncle Yuan Kui and Dong Zhuo's joint ruling power: "Such a big thing, you must go home and discuss it with your uncle." ”
But how could Dong Zhuo let Yuan Shao go, so he directly told Yuan Shao: "The people of the Liu family have no value to continue to exist." Yuan Shao did not answer, but just took the saber and made a long stroke and left.
Dong Zhuo Hushao, discussing the desire to depose the emperor, established Chen Liuwang. It was Shi Shao's uncle Kui who was Taifu(太傅), and Shao Hypocrisy XuZhi (許之) said: "This important matter should be discussed with Taifu." Zhuo Yue: "The Liu clan species is not enough to be restored." "Shao should not, the horizontal knife long and long away." ——Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Dong ErYuan Liu Chuan
There are many points worth scrutinizing in this historical record.
The first is the background, after Dong Zhuo entered the capital and seized power, he initially planned to cooperate with the Shiren clique, he was looking for the Yuan family of the extremely famous Fourth Dynasty and Three Dukes, represented by the Taifu Yuan Kui, who had ruled with He Jin, and killed Yuan Shao, a lieutenant colonel who was a lieutenant of the Ten Permanent Attendants and held a certain amount of military power, and Yuan Shu, the general of the Tiger Ben Zhonglang.
In order to win over the Yuan clan, Dong Zhuo also promoted Yuan Shu to the rank of "rear general", and the Yuan clan was also quite cooperative with Dong Zhuo, such as "Dong Zhuo Hushao", the word "Hu" is very interesting, indicating that Dong Zhuo did not seek Yuan Shao and a group of ministers to hold a meeting, but met privately to talk about the abolition of the emperor.
Yuan Shao also did not like the righteous words in the speech, directly pretending to agree - "false Xu Zhi", and then found an excuse to go home and consult with his uncle.
And in the end, when Yuan Shao said goodbye to Dong Zhuo, the "horizontal knife long swing" was also very interesting. Changyi is the etiquette of the ancients, more respectful than the general attitude of the ceremony, but there is no kneeling and respect.
Yuan Shao had no problem using the long sword when bidding farewell to Dong Zhuo, or it seemed quite respectful, but the long sword plus "horizontal knife" implied that he did not agree, but according to Dong Zhuo's lack of particularly fierce reaction, the horizontal knife did not mean a direct break at that time. On the contrary, after the Three Kingdoms, the word horizontal knife became a symbol of rupture and courage, such as Tan Sitong's "I smile from the horizontal knife to the sky, to keep the liver and gallbladder for two kunluns." ”
Moreover, the representative of the high-ranking officials of the Han Dynasty at that time, Yuan Kui, the most powerful member of the Yuan family, could say that he did not dare to resist Dong Zhuo at all.
There is such a sentence in the "Zizhi Tongjian": "Zhuo yi abolished the proposal to show The Taifu Yuan Kui, and the Kui report was as discussed." That is to say, Dong Zhuo said that he would depose Emperor Shao and establish Chen Liu as emperor, and Yuan Kui directly agreed.
So there is no Yuan Shao and Dong Zhuo drawing their swords to fight in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", so where does the scene of the two sides drawing their swords and cursing each other come from?
In fact, this passage is also related to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but it appears in the version of the Southern Dynasty historian Pei Songzhi's Notes.
Pei Songzhi quoted the record in the "Spring and Autumn of the Emperor Xian", which is much more detailed than the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", with long dialogues between the two sides, scenes of scolding, and actions, in short, there is a dramatic conflict.
Emperor Xian's Spring and Autumn Period: Zhuo wants to depose the emperor, and shao yue: "Emperor Chong Min, not the lord of all multiplications." King Chen Liu was victorious and wanted to establish himself now. Man has little wisdom, greatness or foolishness, and he also knows what to do, for the sake of being a fool; Qing does not see the Spirit Emperor Hu? It's infuriating to read! "The Han family has been under the heavens for four hundred years, the grace is deep, and the Zhaomin has been worn for a long time." Although the present emperor is young, he has not been good at publicizing the world, and the public wants to abolish the right lishu, and he is afraid that the people will not follow the public consultation. Zhuo Zhi Shaoyue: "Shuzi! Won't the world decide me? Who dares not follow me now? Er said that Dong Zhuo knife is unfavorable! Shao Yue: "The world's strongest, is it only Dong Gong?" "Lead the sabre out of the way.
After reading this paragraph, we can see that the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" almost copied the record of this paragraph, except that what is recorded here is the sabre, and the sword in the interpretation is the sword, and Luo Guanzhong added a sword drawing action to Yuan Shao in order to increase the conflict of the opera.
But is what is recorded in the "Spring and Autumn of the Emperor Xiandi" true?
Pei Songzhi did not think so, and he criticized this paragraph, believing that this plot was fake!
Chen Songzhi thought that Shao Yushi and Zhuo had not formed a gap, so Zhuo consulted with him. If, however, if the words are different, they are scolded as a shaft, but have the heart to push the blade, and Shao replies, why is Qu Jiang, can Zhuo You'an tolerate it without harming it? And as Shao said, entering the non-bright and righteous, retreating from the cunning, but showing its competitive purpose, in order to touch the blade of Kan, those who have the ambition to do the work, it is reasonable! This is a very vain statement!
Pei Songzhi has three reasons.
First, at this time, Dong Zhuo had just entered Beijing, and the Yuan family had not yet fallen out, so Dong Zhuo specially summoned Yuan Shao to come and privately discuss such a major matter as deposing the emperor. In such a situation, even if the two sides do not talk together, they will not break their mouths and scold, followed by the use of the sword, which is illogical;
Second, if the two sides really broke up, Yuan Shao was so intimidating of Dong Zhuo, according to Dong Zhuo's temper, he would definitely directly kill Yuan Shao, how could he let Yuan Shao leave?
Third, although Yuan Shao had a bad evaluation after losing to Cao Cao, he could not be regarded as a hero of the time. In this conversation with Dong Zhuo, in the middle of nowhere, except for this confrontation and the direct contact with the sword that angered Dong Zhuo, there was no benefit to himself, to the emperor, and to the Han Dynasty, this kind of thing was not like what a Haojie who aspired to the world could do.
So Pei Songzhi directly criticized this story as fake, and it was too fake! "It's ridiculous!"
Although I also think that Pei Songzhi's statement is reasonable, but Yuan Shao's "horizontal knife long swing, anger Dong Zhuo" is far more storytelling than Yuan Shao's silent escape from Dong Zhuo, and the people prefer this kind of scene with plot conflict, so we should do it as Yuan Shao!
Text/Take history as a mirror
Graph/Network
References/
Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Wei - Biography of Dong Eryuan Liu
"Pei Zhu Three Kingdoms Chronicle - Xiandi Chunqiu"