In the seventh year of the Northern Song Dynasty, that is, in 1125, the Jin army attacked the Song Dynasty from the south in the east and west. The eastern route was yangan and did not lead the army to attack Yanjing; the western route was to attack Taiyuan with the leader of the sticky Han army; the eastern route was to break through Yanjing, cross the Yellow River, and go south to Fenjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan). Emperor Huizong of Song saw that the situation was in danger, and Zen was located in the crown prince Zhao Huan, who was for Emperor Qinzong of Song.
In the first year of Jing Kang, that is, in the first month of 1126, Yan Zonghan led the Jin army to the capital of Fenjing, forcing song to negotiate and withdraw, and the Jin people demanded 5 million taels of gold and 50 million taels of silver, and ceded the three towns of Zhongshan, Hejian and Taiyuan. In August of the same year, the Jin army attacked the Song in two more ways, and in November, the Jin army and the two army joined forces to conquer Beijing. Later, Song Qinzong personally went to the Jin people's camp to negotiate peace, but was detained by the Jin people.
In addition to Hui and the Second Emperor of Qin, there were a large number of Zhao royalty, harem concubines, Guiqing, courtiers, etc. A total of more than 3,000 people went north to the Jin Kingdom, and the public and private savings in Tokyo were empty, and the jingkang change led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Therefore, the "Jingkang Change" became the national shame of the Great Song Dynasty, and countless benevolent people of the Great Song Dynasty thought that one day they could overthrow the Jin Kingdom and avenge the Great Song Dynasty.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu Jiuyuan was one of the countless benevolent men, who were born in a prominent family in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions, and the whole family had hundreds of mouths. Legend has it that his ancestors once served as prime ministers during the Tang Dynasty, and later in the fifth generation, when the world was in chaos, their family moved to Jinxi, Zhejiang Province, and settled here.
From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, after so many years, the Lu family has changed several times and has long since ceased to be the glory of that year. By the time of Lu Jiuyuan's generation, their family only had a few acres of thin fields and a shop left. However, although the scenery of the Lu family is not as good as that of that year, the tradition of governance in the family has been preserved. Lu Jiuyuan's ancestor was a very knowledgeable person, and it was said that he read every book, and his knowledge was not comparable to ordinary people.
And Lu Jiuyuan's father, too, is famous for his love of learning in the local area, and no one in the township praises him. It is precisely because of this tradition that their family has always done things strictly and strictly abided by various etiquette norms. Lu Jiuyuan was not only very intelligent since childhood, but also very studious, and often asked various "super-outline" questions, for example: He once asked his father, why is heaven and earth so big and boundless?
His father laughed and said nothing, leaving him to find the answer on his own. Later, when Lu Jiuyuan read the book and saw the word "universe", he finally had his own understanding of this problem.
When Lu Jiuyuan was in his thirties, he was admitted to the Jinshi, and from then on, he began to serve as some minor officials in the local area.
After another decade, he began to enter the DPRK as an official, handling some clerical affairs for the country. When he was very young, Lu Jiuyuan had read a large number of history books, and when he saw the "Five Hu Chaohua" incident during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, he was very sad. As he grew older, he began to understand the changes in Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty, and he deeply felt that the country could not continue to be bullied like this, and he must do something.
So, he began to learn the art of riding and shooting, thinking that one day he would be able to cross the battlefield and avenge his country. When he was a censor, he often personally sought out those who were brave and talked to them about recovering the lost land. During the Shaoxi period, he was sent by the imperial court to serve in the Jingmen region, which was not only a strategic place in the Southern Song Dynasty, but also a front line against strong enemies in the north. And he finally found an opportunity to serve the country.
However, before he came, the armament here was very loose, the management was not strict, and if the enemy sneaked up on here, the Song army would undoubtedly be defeated. Therefore, as soon as Lu Jiuyuan arrived here, he began to rectify the government affairs, and he wrote to the imperial court requesting the construction of a city wall for this place. A year later, the situation here has changed so much that even the prime minister praised it.
During the Jing Kang period, the defeat of the Northern Song Dynasty by the Jin Dynasty has always been a dead knot in Lu Jiuyuan's heart. Therefore, he interacted with various heroes haojie day and night, and discussed the situation in the world with them. And the imperial court saw that he was so hearty, and also wanted to promote him to a higher position, so that he could fulfill his long-cherished wish. Helplessly, some people in the DPRK and China obstructed this matter in every way, and he was not promoted to a higher position, but was dismissed from his post.
However, after his dismissal, he was also happy to use what he had learned in his life to give lectures everywhere, and his reputation had long been spread. When he lectured, even the outdoors were full of people, and even many elderly people came to listen to the lectures on crutches. Because the place where he lectured was called "Xiangshan Academy", he named himself "Xiangshan Weng".
One day, he suddenly said to his family, I am going to die soon. However, none of his family believed what he said, and he later said the same thing about his deployment. The next day, with heavy snowfall, Lu Jiuyuan washed his body, changed into a clean dress, and sat quietly. Two days later, he went away in peace.
The news of his death went without hesitation, from officials to civilians, and when they heard the news, they all wept bitterly, and the number of people who mourned for him was innumerable. Although Lu Jiuyuan was bent on revenge for the country and wanted the shame of the Northern Song Dynasty, from the perspective of his life, his military achievements were not very many. And that, you can't blame him.
It can only be said that history did not give him such an opportunity to concentrate his achievements mainly on the field of governance. His doctrine combined with some of mencius's views in ancient times, he believed that everything in the world was prepared for himself, and if he was gone, all things would cease to exist. These views of his later became the main ideas of the "psychology" he founded.
According to the theory of mind, the truth of heaven, man, and things all exist in his own heart, and his inner thoughts are the things that really exist in the world, and the truth he insists on will never change. People who study often feel that in order to understand everything in the world, they must read more, but Lu Jiuyuan thinks that it is not necessary, in his opinion, the true truth is hidden in his heart.
In addition, Lu Jiuyuan also made great contributions to the education of the Song Dynasty. When he was a local official, he often lectured with people in addition to handling government affairs, and after he was dismissed, his time became much more abundant, and he devoted himself to teaching. His disciples were all over the place, and his teachings even influenced many later generations, such as Wang Yangming of the Ming Dynasty.
As a great Confucian like Lu Jiuyuan, who is worried about the country and the people and has brought great influence to future generations, we should not forget as future generations.
Resources:
["Jing Kang Barnyard History Notes", "The Complete Works of Mr. Xiangshan", "Lu Jiuyuan Collection"]