In the first year of Huang Long, Sun Quan was proclaimed emperor, and the chancellor Zhang Zhao wanted to come forward to congratulate him, but Sun Quan repeated the old matter, saying: "If I had listened to Zhang Gong's advice at the beginning, now I am afraid that I will go to be a beggar earlier." ”
First, Sun Quan ridiculed Zhang Zhao's beginning and end
The old events mentioned by Sun Quan occurred on the eve of the Battle of Chibi.
In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, after Cao Cao surrendered Liu Chun in Jingzhou and defeated Liu Bei, he took advantage of the situation to prepare to attack Eastern Wu, and wrote to Sun Quan that Cao was under the emperor's orders, with a total army of 800,000 troops, and wanted to hunt with General Sun in Eastern Wu. Sun Quan showed Cao Cao's letter to his courtiers, and everyone was horrified.
Zhang Zhao believed that Cao Cao was a jackal, a tiger and a leopard, holding Tianzi hostage to conquer the four sides, and issuing orders in the name of the imperial court at every turn, and if Eastern Wu resisted, it would be even more unjustified. Moreover, eastern Wu could resist Cao Cao by relying on the natural dangers of the Yangtze River, and now that Cao Cao occupied Jingzhou, the sailors and thousands of warships trained by Liu Biao had been taken over by Cao Cao, and Cao Cao would definitely use these ships to go down the river, plus infantry, and advance both land and water. In this way, Eastern Wu's advantage of relying on the natural dangers of the Yangtze River to resist Cao Cao was gone. Therefore, Zhang Zhao argued that Sun Quan should greet Cao Cao and surrender to the imperial court.
Zhou Yu and Lu Su advocated uniting with Liu Bei to resist Cao Cao. Zhou Yu believed that: First, the Central Plains troops led by Cao Cao were only 150,000 or 60,000 people, and they had long been tired after a long period of conquest; second, Cao Cao's newly accepted Jingzhou troops were at most 70,000 or 80,000 people, and these troops were still suspicious and may not all obey Cao Cao's command. Cao Cao used his tired soldiers to control the suspicious people, and although the number was large, there was nothing to fear.
Sun Quan patted Zhou Yu's back and said, "Zhang Zhao, Qin Song, and others, each taking care of their wives and children, have selfish intentions, which makes me very disappointed." Only you and Lu Su have the same view as me, and this is the two of you sent by Heaven to assist me. Therefore, he appointed Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu as the left and right governors, led his troops to join forces with Liu Bei to meet Cao Cao, and appointed Lu Su as a lieutenant of the Zan Military Academy to assist in the planning of the strategy. As a result, Sun Liu's allied forces did indeed defeat Cao Cao at the Battle of Chibi, thus laying the foundation for the three kingdoms to stand on the ground.
At first, if Sun Quan had listened to Zhang Zhao's advice and surrendered to Cao Cao, he would certainly not have been able to claim the title of emperor later. Therefore, when Sun Quan was proclaimed emperor, he would repeat the old things and ridicule Zhang Zhao.
2. Zhang Zhao's contributions to Eastern Wu and Sun Quan
Zhang Zhao, zibu, rarely famous, was praised by Chen Lin (字孔璋, Guangling Sheyangren, a writer of the late Han Dynasty, one of the seven sons of Jian'an), and was also friends with Zhao Yu (字元達, 琅琊人, late Han Dynasty celebrity, who served as the Taishou of Guangling Commandery and was later killed by Zhen Rong), wang Lang (Zi Jingxing, a native of Tan County, Donghai County, Cao Wei Chongchen, and a scribe). As an adult, Xuzhou Assassin Shi Taoqian admired Zhang Zhao as Maocai, but Zhang Zhao refused. Tao Qian thought that Zhang Zhao despised him, so he imprisoned Zhang Zhao, and was later released after Zhao Yu rescued him, and Zhang Zhao avoided jiangdong.
Sun Ce founded his business in Jiangdong and had great respect and trust in Zhang Zhao, appointing Zhang Zhao as a chief official, and entrusting Zhang Zhao with administrative and military affairs.
At that time, northern scholars and masters often wrote letters to Zhang Zhao, attributing all the achievements of the Jiangdong region to Zhang Zhao. After Sun Ce knew about it, he said happily: "Once upon a time, Guan Zhong was in the State of Qi, and Duke Huan of Qi entrusted everything to him as the master, and finally became the head of the Five Hegemons. Now, Zhang Zhao is a wise man, I can appoint him, does his meritorious name not belong to me! ”
Five years after Jian'an, Sun Ce was assassinated, and before his death, he entrusted Sun Quan to Zhang Zhao, instructing Zhang Zhao: "If Zhongmang does not take charge, the king will take it upon himself." It is not a quick retreat, slowly returning to the west, and there is no worry. ”
After Sun Ce's death, Zhang Zhao naturally did not really "take it upon himself" as Sun Ce said before his death, but together with Zhou Yu and others, he did his best to assist the young Sun Quan to appease the people, conquer the rebellion, and help Sun Quan stand firm and continue to grow and develop. Not only that, Zhang Zhao had a straight personality and dared to point out Sun Quan's erroneous words and deeds to his face, which was also beneficial to Kuang Zheng's character.
Sun Quan likes to hunt and often rides horses to shoot tigers, which is very dangerous. Zhang Zhao therefore said to Sun Quan, "As a man and a monarch, he should be able to control the heroes and drive the talents, how can he rush to the wilderness and dare to be a beast?" If there is a good villain, are you not afraid of being laughed at by the world? ”
On another occasion, Sun Quan drank with his subordinates, saying, "Drink freely today, don't get drunk, don't return!" "When a minister was drunk, Sun Quan asked him to sprinkle water on the minister so that they would wake up and continue to drink again. Zhang Zhao saw the situation and went out to sit in his car without a word. Sun Quan sent someone to call Zhang Zhao back and said, "Everyone shares joy, why are you angry?" Zhang Zhao replied, "In the past, the King of Shangyi made a bad mound and a wine pool, and drank all night, and at that time, he thought he was very happy, but he didn't think there was anything bad." Sun Quan was deeply ashamed, did not say a word, and stopped the banquet.
In the first year of Jiahe, Gongsun Yuan of Liaodong rebelled against Wei and declared himself a vassal to Sun Wu. Sun Quan was very happy and wanted to send emissaries to Liaodong to contact Gongsun Yuan, and Zhang Zhao advised: "Gongsun Yuan betrayed the State of Wei and was afraid of conquest, so he came to ask for help, and it was not his intention to claim to the State of Wu as a vassal. If Gongsun Yuan changed his intentions and returned to the State of Wei, the two emissaries would not be able to return, wouldn't this make the world laugh? ”
Sun Quan repeatedly argued with him, and Zhang Zhao's advice became more and more earnest. Sun Quan couldn't bear it, grabbed the knife and said angrily: "When the soldiers of the Wu Kingdom enter the palace, they worship you, and when they leave the palace, they worship you, and the respect for you has reached the extreme, but you have insulted you several times in front of everyone, and you are afraid that you will lose your hand and hurt you." Zhang Zhao looked at Sun Quanliangjiu before he said, "Although the minister knows that his words will not be obeyed, the reason why he wants to do his best to be foolish every time is because when the empress dowager was dying, she called the old minister under the bed, and the words of the will and life are still in my ears!" After saying that, he burst into tears. Sun Quan also threw his knife to the ground and wept with Zhang Zhao.
However, Sun Quan still sent an envoy to Liaodong, and Zhang Zhao, resentful that his words were not accepted, so he retreated to the court, and Sun Quan, in anger, ordered Zhang Zhao's door to be sealed with soil to indicate that he would never have to go out. Zhang Zhao also blocked the door from inside the door with soil to show that he would never go out.
Later, Gongsun Yuan did indeed betray Eastern Wu and killed the emissaries Zhang Mi and Xu Yan sent by Sun Quan to Liaodong. Sun Quan regretted this, and several times sent people to invite Zhang Zhao to the court without success, and did not want to apologize and show weakness, so he ordered Zhang Zhao's home to be burned to force Zhang Zhao to go out. But this method did not frighten Zhang Zhao, so Sun Quan had to order the fire to be extinguished again. Sun Quan was helpless, and finally had to submit to weakness, and could not stand in front of Zhang Zhao's house for a long time, Zhang Zhaocai, under the support of his son, went out to reconcile with Sun Quan.
Third, Sun Quan respected Zhang Zhao
Zhang Zhaogang's indomitable and courageous personality has won the respect of the world, but it is difficult to get Sun Quan's likes.
As mentioned above, Zhang Zhao advised Sun Quan not to risk hunting. Although Sun Quan apologized to Zhang Zhao at that time, he said: "Young people are not far away from worrying about things, and this matter is ashamed of you." But afterwards he went his own way and continued to hunt for fun. Although Zhang Zhao gave bitter advice, Sun Quan often laughed and did not answer.
Thirteen years after Jian'an, Gan Ning suggested to Sun Quan that Eastern Wu should attack Huang zu before Cao Cao and capture Jingzhou in preparation for the capture of the Ba and Shu regions.
At that time, Zhang Zhao was also present and raised an objection, saying: "Now that the people of Wu County are unstable, if the army goes out on a campaign, I am afraid that chaos will occur." When Gan Ning heard this, he immediately accused Zhang Zhao mercilessly: "The state entrusts you with a heavy responsibility like Xiao He, and you stay in the rear, but you are worried about changes, how to follow the ancient famous courtiers!" ”
Sun Quan then raised a toast to Gan Ning and said, "Gan Xingba, this year's crusade, just like this cup of wine, has been decided to deliver to you." You just have to work hard to formulate a strategy, if you can break through Huang Zu, it is your great achievement, why care about Zhang Changshi's words! ”
Gan Ning said Zhang Zhao's words very seriously, very rudely, and very disrespectful to Zhang Zhao. However, considering that Gan Ning was a military general, the lack of etiquette was understandable. However, Sun Quan, as the lord of the lord, also clearly showed disrespect for Zhang Zhao, which was obviously very inappropriate.
In addition, when Eastern Wu set up a chancellor, everyone first recommended Zhang Zhao. Sun Quan said: "Now is an eventful autumn, the higher the position, the heavier the responsibility, this position is not a preferential treatment for Zhang Zhao. So he appointed Sun Shao as his chancellor. When Sun Zhao died, the civil and military officials elected Zhang Zhao again, and Sun Quan said: "Don't you love Zhang Zibu?" The minister is in charge of a lot of administrative affairs, and Zhang Zhao has a strong temperament, if I don't listen to him, he will be dissatisfied and resentful, which is not good for him. So he appointed Gu Yong as his minister.
In a word, because Zhang Zhao has a straight personality and does not like Sun Quan, Sun Quan's attitude towards Zhang Zhao can be described in four words, that is, "respect and stay away".
Fourth, the doubts of history
Zhang Zhao's loyalty and contribution to Eastern Wu and Sun Quan are obvious to all. But his loyalty and contribution are very similar to the feudal dynasty (the Eastern Han Dynasty controlled by Cao Cao) sent to the feudal state (Eastern Wu) Xiangguo, once the feudal state and the feudal dynasty have conflicts of interest, he will often give up loyalty to the feudal state and choose loyalty to the feudal dynasty.
In addition to the above-mentioned examples, Zhang Zhao's opposition to Gan Ning's proposal to attack Huang Zu and Sun Quan's claim to accept Gongsun Yuan's surrender, we can cite two more.
Zhou Yu served as the governor of dadu and recommended Lu Su to Sun Quan. Lu Su then proposed to Sun Quan the strategic idea of taking advantage of Cao Cao's lack of time to take advantage of cao Cao's military presence in the north and the opportunity to take care of the south, passing through Jingzhou and controlling the Yangtze River. Lu Su's proposition, which aimed to allow Eastern Wu to stand outside the Eastern Han court, was obviously unfavorable to Cao Cao. As a result, Zhang Zhao "destroyed the young and the rough" (slandered Lu Su's youth and roughness).
In the seventh year of Jian'an, Cao Cao issued an official document asking Sun Quan to send his brother or son to the imperial court to serve as officials (in fact, to be hostages), and Sun Quan summoned the officials for consultation. Zhang Zhao, Qin Song, and others hesitated (the reason for this hesitation was because they were weighing in their hearts whether they should be loyal to the Eastern Han court headed by Cao Cao or to Eastern Wu, which showed that Zhang Zhao's loyalty to Eastern Wu was shaken), and later it was Zhou Yu and Lady Wu who resolutely opposed it, and Sun Quan decided not to take hostages.
With these signs of "being in Cao Ying's heart in Han" in the past, coupled with Zhang Zhao's upright personality, and the bad thing of advocating surrender to Cao Cao before the Battle of Jian'an Thirteen Chibi, it is not difficult to understand that Sun Quan has a grudge against Zhang Zhao, and even makes sarcastic remarks.