According to the "Narrative of the Ming Dynasty" of the Suolushan people, it is recorded that Emperor Zhuang Lie had the courage to seek rule and was different from the king of the previous subjugation of the country. However, inheriting the immorality of the Divine Sect and the Xi Sect, he was good at self-use and ignorant of people's knowledge. Gentlemen cultivate themselves and their families, it is advisable to guard against the habits of likes and dislikes, and the situation is flat in the world? Although there were no rogue thieves ravaging the sea at that time, the death of Ming was also decided.
The "Zhuang LieDi" mentioned in it refers to the Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youjian, who, as the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, has always had mixed evaluations of him. Moreover, some people have raised a question: if the Chongzhen Emperor was not a suspicious person by nature, would it be possible that the Ming Dynasty would not perish?
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Chongzhen Emperor was suspicious and killed
In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, in addition to the external Post-Jin regime led by Nurhaci constantly harassing the Ming Dynasty, the internal situation is not optimistic, we all know that the "King of Chuang" Li Zicheng eventually became the terminator of the Ming Dynasty, and in fact, there were many peasant uprisings that broke out inside the Ming Dynasty at that time, and even many people called themselves "Chuang Wang".
And due to the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the Chongzhen Emperor also became the king of the fallen country. Ordinary subjugated monarchs will have the situation of ignoring the government, indulging in the harem, or obsessing with dan medicine, but the Chongzhen Emperor did not, and even the Chongzhen Emperor was still a fairly diligent emperor!
As the most diligent emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youjian arrived in the late Ming Dynasty, and his office hours were almost ten hours a day, which even Zhu Yuanzhang could not compare. However, the final result was that the Ming Dynasty was still destroyed.
And the world believes that this is due to the character of the Chongzhen Emperor - he is suspicious by nature.
During Chongzhen's reign, there were originally a large number of capable and famous generals under his command, but due to his self-sufficiency and suspicious nature, many of them died under his hands, and there were four more typical.
First: Yuan Chonghuan
Speaking of Yuan Chonghuan, we have to mention his teacher, Sun Chengzong, under the promotion of Sun Chengzong, the two became the guards of the Guanning Defense Line, and Nurhaci did not take much advantage of the two of them at that time, and even ended up being injured and killed in the Ningjin Victory that broke out between the two sides, and the Ningjin Victory also ended in the victory of the Ming Dynasty. However, a courtier as good as Yuan Chonghuan died at the hands of Chongzhen.
At that time, the Houjin army knew yuan Chonghuan's strength, so it deliberately detoured to avoid the conflict between the two sides and directly killed the city of Beijing, it can be said that this was not Yuan Chonghuan's fault, and Yuan Chonghuan, who finally received the news, also led his troops to repel the Houjin army.
However, when someone in the DPRK impeached that Yuan Chonghuan deliberately let the Jin army enter, the suspicious Chongzhen actually believed it to be true, so he arrested Yuan Chonghuan and finally executed him Ling Chi! The tragic death of Yuan Chonghuan made the Liaodong generals of the Ming Dynasty very cold. Due to this incident, the Guanning Defense Line of the later Ming Dynasty was completely broken by The Emperor Taiji. It can be said that Chongzhen's suspiciousness made the Ming Dynasty one less powerful cadre.
Second: Zheng Chongjian
Zheng Chongjian, zi da zhang, is a native of Xiangning, Shanxi. In 1616 AD, he was a mid-level soldier. After becoming an official in the dynasty, Zheng Chongjian achieved good merits and was promoted many times, he defeated the enemy forces in the Hetao area many times, and for this reason he was given silver coins from the imperial court, and also named his descendants as hereditary Jinyi deputy Qianhu. In the first month of 1639, Chongjian was promoted to the post of Right Attendant of the Bingbu and succeeded Hong Chengsi as the Governor of Shaanxi Trilateral Military Affairs.
In May 1639, Zhang Xianzhong rebelled at Gucheng, and Luo Rucai and nine other battalions also rebelled, and Xing'an issued a war alarm.
In 1640, Zheng Chongjian led a number of generals such as He Renlong and Zuo Liangyu defeated Zhang Xianzhong at Agate Mountain. However, Zhang Xianzhong regained his momentum in Sichuan afterwards, so the Chongzhen Emperor cut Zheng Chongjian to the throne for the crime of withdrawing his troops too early.
Later, Zhang Xianzhong, who had regained his momentum, attacked Xiangyang again, and the Chongzhen Emperor resented Zheng Chongjian because his favorite minister Yang Sichang committed suicide, and eventually executed Zheng Chongjian. It was not until the Time of the Southern Ming Dynasty that someone wrote about the deeds of Qing Zheng Chongjian that his unjust case was revealed. It can be said that Zheng Chongjian's rare talent eventually lost his life at the hands of the Chongzhen Emperor, which is a pity.
Third: Sun Yuanhua
As a confucian general of the generation, Sun Yuanhua's academic qualifications and official positions were not outstanding, but he had a very powerful specialty - casting artillery. Sun Yuanhua studied firearms and mathematics from Xu Guangqi, and later became the most outstanding artillery expert of the Ming Dynasty, and he served the country with artillery skills all his life, and also wrote China's first artillery monograph "Western Divine Machine".
In the aforementioned "Ningjin Victory", Yuan Chonghuan won the war in the face of the onslaught of the large army led by Nurhaci, and eventually injured Nurhaci to death, which was inseparable from the support of Sun Yuanhua's artillery technology, when the Ming army had eleven powerful cannons at the head of the city, and finally the Ming army held Liaodong.
However, the later Sun Yuanhua became the Inspector of Deng Lai, and during his term of office, there was the Wuqiao Mutiny, and Sun Yuanhua at that time advocated the solicitation, but because the Inspector Wang Daochun hid the edict, so that the rebels at that time could not be appeased for a long time, the rebellion occurred again. At this time, Sun Yuanhua's political enemies took the opportunity to make rumors to the Chongzhen Emperor. In the end, chongzhen, who was suspicious, was determined to get rid of Sun Yuanhua, so Sun Yuanhua was beheaded in the West Market of Beijing, and died at the age of fifty-one.
Afterwards, Sun Yuanhua's son, who knew artillery technology, refused to serve in the imperial court because of his father's affairs. Therefore, as soon as Sun Yuanhua died, the Ming Dynasty no longer had any experts who were proficient in Western artillery casting technology, and the research on firearms at that time came to an abrupt end. Due to Chongzhen's suspicious nature and listening to rumors, the Ming Dynasty suddenly lost two talents and lost artillery technical support that could turn the tide of the war.
Fourth: Sun Chengzong
As Yuan Chonghuan's teacher, Sun Chengzong's strength was very strong, and it was affirmed that he was called one of the "Three Masters of Liaodong" by later generations. Despite the general proposal to abandon Liaodong, he still asked for orders to go to garrison, which greatly strengthened the border defense in the northeast.
However, due to Zu Dashou's defection, Sun Chengzong was impeached by some ministers in the court, and Chongzhen also thought that he was too old to be useful, so he dismissed him.
A few years later, some officials repeatedly requested that Sun Chengzong be reinstated, but the Chongzhen Emperor ignored this. Until the eleventh year of Chongzhen, the Qing army attacked Gaoyang, and Sun Chengzong, who was 76 years old at the time, resolutely led his family to defend the city, and eventually dozens of people in the family were killed, and after the fall of the city, Sun Chengzong also hanged himself. In this way, this courtier, who has both talent and loyalty, is unattainable, but Chongzhen is so wasteful that he sighs amazingly.
If the Chongzhen Emperor was not suspicious, the Ming Dynasty would not escape the end
Although the Chongzhen Emperor had lofty ambitions, and he was committed to exerting himself to govern, he did not hesitate to do everything at night, but he had no strategy for governing the country, and he was known for his good and good responsibilities, coupled with his harsh and suspicious personality, and the practice of questioning and beheading ministers at every turn, although it was not a tyrant, it was also a typical tyranny.
Moreover, because he did not believe in the civil and military officials, the Chongzhen Emperor also frequently adjusted the selection of officials, and in just 17 years, he actually changed 17 criminal department Shangshu and 50 cabinet scholars, and he repeatedly killed the sages, which also caused a serious shortage of talents in the country.
Therefore, it can be said that as the supreme ruler of the Ming Dynasty, the overthrow of the Ming Dynasty has a lot to do with Chongzhen himself, Chongzhen will not use people, coupled with a suspicious personality, resulting in the tragic death of many famous generals, and finally he can only hang himself in Jingshan in despair.
brief summary
In fact, the demise of the Ming Dynasty has external factors, when the Chongzhen Emperor took the throne, it encountered a rare drought in hundreds of years, which led to a revolt of many people, and Nurhaci in the northeast was also competing with the Ming Dynasty for the world, due to several large-scale military activities against the Later Jin Dynasty were defeated, resulting in the weakening of the military strength of the Ming Dynasty, and finally due to the inability to suppress the peasant army uprising, accelerated the demise of the Ming Dynasty.
However, the Chongzhen Emperor's suspicious nature finally brought the Ming Dynasty to the point where there were no generals to use, which undoubtedly greatly aggravated the demise of the Ming Dynasty. It can be said that if the Chongzhen Emperor was not so suspicious, but trusted his capable subjects, and made good use of people, then if he could not let the Ming Dynasty continue for hundreds of years, at least it would not let the destruction of the country come so quickly.
Reference: Narrative of the Ming Dynasty
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