At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong was determined to oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, and he used his division to describe the Battle of Nanjing in the "Records of conscription": "Now that the Xingshi division has made a great move, thousands of miles have come, to restore Nanjing, the world is looking up, and when it is hard to come, we must raise our spirits. "Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, relying on the unique natural advantages of the Yangtze River and the convenience of shipping, has always been a place where soldiers and families must fight, and in modern times, it is even more so. In this land, China was forced to open its doors for the first time, and the prelude to modern history has since begun; in this land, there are both efforts to build and fire again and again, and there are also repeated wars burning and tearing down. Ups and downs, sorrows, joys and humiliations, in the eternal ebb and flow of the Yangtze River, what shines is the tenacity, optimism and open-mindedness of Nanjing and The people of Nanjing.
Into the modern era: the opening of the lower customs port with twists and turns
In 1842, near the end of the First Opium War, the Qing court, anxious to seek peace, sent the Minister of Chincha, Qi Ying, to Nanjing, and signed the Treaty of Nanjing with the British representative Pu Dingcha on the British ship "Gao Huali", which was anchored on the Xiaguan River. After that, the Qing court signed the "Sino-British Five Ports Of Commerce Charter" with the British, and Xiamen, Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou and Guangzhou successively opened ports. The first treaty on the opening of modern ports was signed in Nanjing, but the chosen port was not nanjing, because the open cities were mainly selected by the British side, and the selected cities were convenient for transporting materials that Britain was eager to obtain, such as silk and tea.
However, the importance of Nanjing is more important than commerce. Engels commented on Britain's two Opium Wars against China in "The New Expedition of the British to China", and he said bluntly: "The purpose of this action is to invade the Yangtze River, a large river that runs through central China, and to go up the river to the city of Nanjing, about 200 miles from the mouth of the river." The Yangtze River divides China into distinctly different parts, the North and the South. About 40 miles downstream in Nanjing, a Grand Canal flows into and crosses the Yangtze River, which is the main trade route between the northern and southern provinces. The intention of taking this offensive step was to seize this important waterway and kill Beijing and force the Qing Emperor to make an immediate peace. "It can be seen that Nanjing runs through the east and west, connects the north and south, and the geographical location has become a consensus at home and abroad."
Since then, although various countries have repeatedly mentioned the intention of opening up Nanjing, they were finally broken by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. Nanjing, which is "bordered by the Yangtze River and the situation is dangerous," was favored by the Taiping Army and designated as the capital "Tianjing" to take advantage of its "water and land communication hub and control of the Yangtze River and canals; it is located in the southeast of the area of wealth and wealth, with abundant grain and materials, and rich strategic reserves." Although the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was closed, it also relied on the Yangtze River to carry out basic trade with the outside world, transporting salt as a "national monopoly" to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River for cloth and cotton, and then on the way back to Anhui and Jiangsu, the cloth was exchanged for silver coins and rice and other necessities, and stored in the "Holy Treasury" and "Holy Warehouse" with the meaning of "national treasury". After the Second Opium War, the Taiping Army also discussed navigation with li Thai, the general tax collector sent by the British, and the famous sinologist Wittoma, and the British finally obtained the right to sail on the Yangtze River.
When the Qing court recaptured Nanjing, the war was rekindled, "the death of the people is invincible, the survivors of the house are less than three or four, and the situation of sores and diseases is almost unbearable", and the area around Shimonoseki, which is planned as an open port area, is even more "The people who are in the vicinity of the port, the bandits lurk, the murders are robbed, and the smells are stacked". After decades of reorganization of mountains and rivers, Zhang Zhidong was temporarily appointed governor of Liangjiang, and the construction of the Xiaguan area began to make substantial progress. The Nanjing section of the Yangtze River is 95 kilometers long, more than 300 kilometers away from the sea mouth in the east, 51.5 kilometers of deep-water shoreline in the river basin, and large sea ships are unimpeded all year round, and Xiaguan has the natural advantage of developing river and sea transportation. Previously, the ship terminal in Shimonoseki was set up by the Steamship Merchants Bureau for the convenience of passenger transport, and at this time it was impossible to meet the navigational needs, and the British consuls in Zhenjiang and Shanghai requested their own docks on the grounds that the steamships of Jardine Matheson and Swire Foreign Firm had nowhere to dock in Shimonoseki and affected passenger traffic. In view of Nanjing's special geographical and political status, Zhang Zhidong resolutely decided to build a terminal by the official, which could not only meet the needs of shipping, reject the attempts of various countries to set up their own terminals in Xiaguan, but also charge users for maintenance through commercial operation. The built pier, commonly known as the "official pier", is located near today's Shimonoseki Pier 3. At the same time, Zhang Zhidong also referred to the carriage road in the Shanghai concession, with the Liangjiang Governor's Palace as the center, and built a modern street of 6 to 9 meters wide, from the Xiaguan River through Yifeng Gate into the Drum Tower, until the Tongji Gate garrisoned the city edge.
In 1895, China and Japan signed the "Maguan Treaty", proposing to "build a wharf and open a commercial port in the Beihekou Riverside Land", which was specifically determined after investigation as a low-lying area west of the Huimin River outside the Yifengmen Gate; in 1899, the "Amendment of the Yangtze River Trade Regulations" came into effect, all large and small ports along the Yangtze River were opened, and the General Taxation Department of the Qing Dynasty Customs Specially sent the General Taxation Department of jianghai customs in Shanghai to Nanjing to prepare for the construction of Jinling Pass. Since Jinling Pass, "west of the Huimin River, along the banks of the Yangtze River for five miles, and about one mile wide" has been identified as a concession for trade and trade, but Nanjing has not set up a concession, nor has there been an organ to manage the concession, and Chinese and foreigners can moor their ships within this range, rent land to build houses, open foreign firms, and set up wharves and warehouses. The establishment of commercial ports also promoted municipal construction in the Shimonoseki area, and the roads between several major piers were either built or widened, and the original Huimin River was also dredged.
Guan Sheng, No. 12, 1930.
City Voices: Nanyang Persuasion Association
Some scholars believe that the opening of the port, which was 41 years late, made Nanjing miss the historical development opportunity of transforming into a modern city, giving way to the position of the economic center of gravity in the southeast to Shanghai, which was once a small fishing village but had become an international city with a population of one million in the early 20th century, and occupied a subordinate position in the Yangtze River city system of Chongqing-Hankou-Shanghai. The opening of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway and the Jinpu Railway has enabled Nanjing to form a linkage effect between the Yangtze River waterway and the north-south land route, providing an opportunity for Nanjing to return to the historical front. With the convenience of traditional water transportation and the benefits of modern railways, Nanjing, as a traditional and modern city, has been promoted to the world as a traditional and modern city.
In 1908, the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway was opened to traffic, from Shanghai North Railway Station to Nanjing Xiaguan Station, passing through the richest areas in China along the way, with 37 stations such as Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang and Nanjing, which can be described as the prototype of the modern Yangtze River Delta trade circle; and in the same year, after more than ten years of tortuous negotiations, the "Jinpu Railway Loan Contract" was finally signed by Liang Dunyan, a representative of the Qing court, with representatives of Dehua Bank and the British Central China Railway Company. The opening of the railway has stimulated the development of Xiaguan and Pukou on both sides of the Yangtze River, and it is recorded in the Nanyang Business Daily that "the Pukou area is extremely desolate, and since the announcement of the Jinpu Road Agreement, the land price is steep and expensive... At present, the price per mu is even a thousand yuan, and there is no end to the soaring."
The construction speed of the Jinpu Railway hit the highest in the Qing Dynasty, starting from Tianjin, passing through Cangzhou in Hebei, Dezhou in Shandong, Jinan, Xuzhou in Jiangsu, Chuzhou in Anhui and other places to Pukou, and then connecting with the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway by ferry. There is a cargo warehouse in Pukou, which can store more than 4,000 tons of goods. After the completion of the Jinpu Railway, the Jinpu Railway Administration took over the ferry transportation of the Shimonoseki-Pukou Line, replacing the old ferry ships with the 1,200-seat "Feihong" and building a wharf in Pukou and Shimonoseki the following year. The opening of the Jinpu Railway and the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway has connected the Haihe, Yellow, Huaihe and Yangtze River basins, and agricultural products such as beans, wheat and sesame seeds produced inland, as well as raw ores such as coal and iron, can be gathered to the east through the river, and then loaded on trains to transport to the north and south. In addition to the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway, the Jinpu Railway is also connected with the Beijing-Feng, Jiaoji, Shanghai-Hangzhou and other railways, and the commercial radiation scope of Nanjing is further expanded to the northeast and north China.
In addition to the interprovincial railway, in order to change the situation in Nanjing that "there is no other means of transportation other than donkeys, mules, carriages and shoulders", strengthen the connection between the wharf along the river, The Lower Pass and the old town south of the city, and facilitate the movement of passengers and goods inside and outside the city, in 1907, the governor of Liangjiang, Duan Fang, asked the Qing court to build China's first urban rail transit line, the Ning Provincial Railway. The railway, which cost a total of 400,000 taels of public currency, was undertaken by the Jiangnan Bureau of Commerce, hired the British as the chief engineer, and opened to traffic in early 1909, and was connected with the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway at Shimonoseki Station, with Jiangkou Station, Shimonoseki Station, Sanpailou Station, Wuliangan Station, Governor's Station and Zhongzheng Street Station at the beginning of its construction. Due to the short distance, close station distance and slow driving speed, the Ning Province Railway is affectionately known as the "Small Railway" by the locals.
1919 Ning Provincial Railway Timetable. Guangyi Magazine, No. 2, 1919.
The construction and completion of several railways has greatly improved the passenger and freight situation between Nanjing and the provinces, and made Nanjing once again become a transportation town in the Yangtze River Basin. Under the initiation and promotion of Jiangsu emerging national capitalists such as Zhang Xiao, Yu Qiaqing and Li Pingshu, with the purpose of "revitalizing industry and opening up the people's wisdom", the first national exposition in modern times, the Nanyang Persuasion Association, was held in Nanjing in 1909. The venue of the Nanyang Persuasion Association "east to Yijia Lane, south to Dingjia Bridge, west to the General Temple, north to the park", about two miles wide, about nine miles long, covering an area of more than 700 acres. There are 13 main halls in the field, 14 local pavilions built by each province, and 6 special museums, which are "a grand event that has not been seen in China for 5,000 years, and it is also a feature of the East Asian Games in recent times." As far as the exhibits are concerned, the Nanyang Persuasion Association has explored, summarized and displayed the material specialties from all over the country, introduced the advanced industrial products of the West, "the goods of the state, the treasures of the exotic lands, the fine school of its good and skillful, in order to persuade the merchants to encourage the work, to promote the evolution of religion, and to continue with the so-called Pingshi Conquest in Zhou Lisi City, and to recite the so-called observation and knowledge of the customs, which is in line with righteousness." He also gave examples of the hundreds of newly invented arts to show the children of the country, to show the traces of the ancient civilization of the country, to catch the customs of the red, brown and black tribes, the prosperity of the livestock, and the salty and old corners, so as to fund their investigation and stimulate the idea of their people to compete for victory."
For the host city of Nanjing, one of the original intentions of the establishment of the Nanyang Persuasion Association is to "build the city of Nanjing", along with the preparation and development of the Nanyang Persuasion Association, various municipal facilities and entertainment service places serving the Association have also come into being, including shops, post offices, telegraph offices, telephone halls, hospitals, fire stations, patrol police stations, persuasion banks, insurance companies, public toilets, persuasion fields, water stations, cinemas, game fields, zoos, etc., and more than 200 new stores have been built. In order to facilitate transportation, a spacious persuasion road was also built, special buses were added, and a light railway directly to the venue was laid, so that the northern part of Nanjing City was "a new city, like a unique European market style." In particular, this light railway was specially built on the eve of the opening of the Nanyang Persuasion Association to facilitate tourists to visit and transport the machinery and major items exhibited in the exhibition. The railway circumnavigates the venue for one week, which is a branch line of the Ning Provincial Railway, which is connected and has a station at the Dingjia Bridge. The light rail runs every hour, and tickets for a week around the venue cost 10 copper rounds. At the time of the meeting, the Ning Provincial Railway "carried hundreds of thousands of passengers every month", "an unprecedented era of prosperity since the establishment of the road".
Taking the Nanyang Persuasion Association as an opportunity, Nanjing further went to the whole country and even the world. Edited by Xu Yansen and issued by the Nanyang Persuasion Workshop Printing Factory, Jinling Magazine is a detailed guide to Nanjing, which was published on the occasion of the opening of the Nanyang Persuasion Association, and comprehensively introduced all aspects of Nanjing to guests at home and abroad. The content is based on "Zhi" as a subsection, including basic information such as streets, bridges, official offices, public offices, schools, guild halls, etc., as well as well-known gardens, Southern Dynasty monasteries, historical sites, and even practical guides such as inns, Chinese and Western restaurants, tea houses, and photo studios, which are also involved in cultural fields such as customs and products, seasonal customs, and worship of gods, which is nothing more than a "Lonely Planet" in Nanjing in the late Qing Dynasty. Once the book was printed and published, it was very popular, "and the annual sales were sold out, and the buyers were still endless", and in 1918 the author republished it, "Baidu Restoration after the change of the national system", "so one by one additions and deletions, detailed investigation". In addition to the supplementary revisions, the pictures of each scenic spot have been added, as well as practical travel information such as postal tariff tables, train price lists, and Jiangning Railway timetables, which are more complete than the old version. Similar publications, as well as reports from well-known newspapers and magazines such as Oriental Magazine and Declaration and Ta Kung Pao, not only served the Nanyang Persuasion Association, but also continued to promote an antique and modern Nanjing for a long time after that.
Illustration of places of interest in Jinling Magazine in 1918.
The Rebirth of the Yangtze River: An Attempt to Build in the Republic of China Period
The upheavals in Chinese politics in the early twentieth century did not affect the urban development of Nanjing, and everything was in the ascendant, reaching a climax after it was established as the capital of the National Government in Nanjing. Driven by several construction plans, Nanjing has been developed in a high-speed and orderly manner, the industry, commerce and transportation industries along the Yangtze River have flourished on the basis of the opening of ports in the late Qing Dynasty, and the sandbars of the old wasteland have also been replaced with a new look.
In 1912, Sun Yat-sen took the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway from Shanghai to Nanjing and became the provisional president. Although he did not live and work in Nanjing for a long time throughout his life, Sun Yat-sen always maintained a deep love for this land. It is rumored that he once went on a safari to the Purple Mountain, and when he arose, he said to his entourage: "After my death, I am willing to beg the people for this piece of soil to settle the shell." Although the details of this matter are difficult to verify, it is indeed Sun Yat-sen's last wish to be buried in the purple mountain on the eastern outskirts of Nanjing, so there was the construction of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the grand Feng'an Ceremony, and the Zhongshan Avenue (now divided into Zhongshan North Road, Zhongshan Road, Zhongshan East Road and Zhongshan South Road).
Sun Yat-sen has always praised Nanjing, believing that Nanjing is suitable as a capital, and its focus is on its unique geographical advantages: "Its land has mountains, deep waters, and plains, and these three kinds of heavenly crafts, Zhong Yu, are difficult to find such a good place in the metropolis of the world." And it "happens to be in the center of the richest region on both sides of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, although it is now in ruins and desolation, and the population is still more than one-quarter of a million." And it has been the origin of many industries... When the eastern part of the Fuyang River Basin has to be properly developed, Nanjing's future development is unlimited."
Based on this expectation, Sun Yat-sen developed the Yangtze River in Nanjing as an industrial zone, and proposed a practical and specific plan: the whole city of Shimonoseki should be "cut off", and all the docks in Nanjing should be "moved between Micko-chau and Nanjing Waiguo, and the waterway behind Mizi-chau should be closed, if so, it can be made into a dock to accommodate the ocean giant ship". As for Pukou on the other side of the main city, it is "the great terminus of all railways north of the Yangtze River", and "in the richest coal and iron place in Shanxi and Henan, this place is the closest commercial port for communication with the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, that is, its traffic with the sea." Considering that in recent decades, the construction of ports and roads has narrowed the river surface and there are hidden dangers in the safety of both sides, Sun Yat-sen proposed that the embankment should be built with strong materials, "several miles on each side", and "within the embankment, it should be divided into new streets for various purposes" for construction.
Considering the increasing prosperity and development of commerce and trade in the Xiaguan area, and the exchanges between the Yangtze River and the inner city need to be further strengthened, the Nanjing Xiaguan Commercial Port Bureau proposed the first overall design plan of modern Nanjing in 1920, "Nanjing Beicheng District Development Plan", which divided Nanjing into eight main areas such as industrial areas, commercial areas, and dock areas, and supported by the "trunk road plan" that planned the city's roads, set up Binjiang Avenue, and a main road connecting the north and south. The plan focuses on the development of the area below the mouth of the Laojiang River to the Guanyinmen along the river, which can connect the Jinpu and Shanghai-Nanjing railways, and because of the deep water and wide beach, it is convenient to berth large ships, and it can obtain both water and land transportation. Large power plants can also be built here to facilitate backup support for start-ups such as waterworks and light companies.
Pukou Building. Upstairs is the Jinpu Railway Management Committee, and below is Pukou Station. Iron Show, No. 1, 1934.
Based on this plan, in 1926 the Nanjing Municipal Authorities launched the Nanjing Municipal Plan; after the establishment of the Nanjing National Government in 1927, the Nanjing Urban Design Committee was established and the Capital Grand Plan was formulated. In this plan, in view of the fact that "the industrial zone should be quite far away from other prosperous areas and must be located in a place with convenient land and water transportation", the Jiangpu and Shimonoseki areas are clearly defined as commercial areas, while the lower reaches of Pukou and Baguazhou are industrial zones, and "it is appropriate to establish factories for the production of steel, cement, sugar, oil, leather, etc., and to build other warehouses for storing grain, wood, fire oil, etc.", and "Industries that are not suitable for operation in Shimonoseki and Nanjing can be developed in Pukou". For the problem of perennial flooding, the plan emphasizes that "when in the summer, from the river bank to the foothills, the whole territory is flooded by water, and it is not possible to use it without filling the foundation or building an embankment", which will be handled by dredging the river channel, dredging the silt, and filling the coast. Through various designs, we strive to build Nanjing into an industrial city with "many factories and prosperous industries", "the original supply of the Yangtze River Basin, and the manufactured products that can be sold, it is not suitable to open in Nanjing". To this day, Nanjing's urban framework still has the shadow of the Capital Plan.
1920 "Nanjing Beicheng District Development Plan". Su Zemin, ed., Draft History of Urban Planning in Nanjing, China Architecture and Building Press, 2008.
From 1927 to 1937, it was a decade of rapid economic development of the National Government in Nanjing, and it was also the heyday of Nanjing's urban construction and development. In 1930, Kong Xiangxi, minister of industry and commerce, led the Ministry of Industry and Commerce to put forward the "Case for the Development of New Industry in the Capital", advocating the issuance of industrial bonds, the establishment of new factories related to the people's livelihood, and the recruitment of overseas Chinese and other specialized technical personnel to promote the prosperity of the capital. In order to solve the problem of land for the construction of the Xiaguan Industrial Zone and the start of new factories, the Nanjing Municipal Government set aside new industrial land the following year, "east to the West Dahe and Yanhe, south to the Moat and Sancha River, west to the Yangtze River, and north to Zhongshan Road", with an area of nearly 100 football fields.
Panoramic view of Pukou. Pictorial Web, Vol. 5, 1929.
In addition to Xiaguan and Pukou, the sandbars on the Yangtze River were also developed and utilized during the Republic of China period, the most famous of which was Baguazhou. BaguaZhou was originally named Qingsha, and during the Ming Dynasty, because of its shape like a straw shoe, the jiajiang river between it and the Shogunate Mountain was called the Grass Shoe Gorge. Since then, with the passage of time, the waterway has moved south, the sediment has been silted up to the north, and the shape of gossip has gradually formed, which has today's name. Baguazhou "is located between Wulong Mountain and Pukou, an area of about 100,000 acres, three faces of water, adjacent to Qilizhou in the south, the river is turbulent, the situation is dangerous, the five rivers in the continent, sufficient irrigation, suitable for planting", known as the "Nanjing Granary", is the third largest island in the Yangtze River after Chongming and Yangzhong.
In the Qing Dynasty, BaguaZhou was the "Eight Flags Of The World", and reeds and fish were the main products. After the establishment of the Nanjing Special Municipal Government in June 1927, Baguazhou was assigned to the city, and Liu Changyuan, manager of Jianghuai Company, believed that Baguazhou was "only the river is not deep, it is easy to dry up, if it can be dredged, it will become a beautiful place", so he proposed to the Nanjing Special Municipal Government to reclaim Baguazhou to increase income and revitalize people's livelihood. After Liu Jiwen became the mayor of Nanjing again in 1929, the reclamation of Baguazhou was officially put on the agenda. After on-the-spot surveys, the land of the whole continent was divided into eight districts according to the Bagua direction of Qian, Kun, Zhen, Gen, Li, Kan, Hui, and Xun, giving priority to the reclamation of areas with "high land and thin firewood", and successively formulating and promulgating the "Regulations on the Reclamation of the BaguaZhou Plan", the "Guidelines for the Reclamation of Tenant Farmers in Baguazhou", and the "Rules for tenant households in Baguazhou". The reclaimed wasteland mainly produces crops such as barley, wheat, corn, soybeans, mung beans, and red beans, as well as cash crops such as sesame, broad beans, rapeseed, cotton, and rice. In the later period, the management department also divided 30 acres of land as a market, and established a livestock farm to engage in agricultural and sideline production, raising pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese and so on. Merchants in nanjing also came to this territory to open shops and operate, and the daily life of farmers on the land reclamation on the continent became more and more convenient.
After the steady progress of development, Nanjing Decided to select a "Model New Village with Large-scale Construction of More Than 4,000 Mu" on Baguazhou to "improve the life of peasants and workers in the capital". According to the plan, the new village will "divide the field into two parts, the former for agronomic production, and the latter for the residential building, and the setting of livestock breeding farms ... In terms of 30 acres of reclamation per farm, it takes 120 households, and each household builds three farmhouses", "The manor is located in the middle of the new village, building a cross avenue, through which". In addition, there are also suggestions for organizing a guard group, building a school, a new village loan office and a production and consumption cooperative, and arranging for steamboats to travel between Shimonoseki and Baguazhou. The Nanjing municipal government tried to build a modern and orderly new countryside above the barren continent, between the Yangtze River.
One of the main points of the construction of BaguaZhou is to build embankments and solve floods. In the summer of 1930, the water level of the Yangtze River was high, which made it difficult to measure the reclamation of Baguazhou. The Land Bureau therefore summoned tenant farmers from all over the continent to a meeting to discuss a solution, but the construction of the embankment did not begin until the beginning of the following year, which was soon delayed by the problem of apportionment. In June of that year, one of the worst floods of the twentieth century occurred in the Jianghuai region, Baguazhou also suffered heavy losses, dozens of casualties, 600 to 700 houses collapsed, and the 5,000 or 6,000 stones of wheat and more than 4,000 stones of grain that were about to be harvested also sank to the bottom of the water. Most of the residents of the continent fled to the Jiejiadian and Xiaguan areas on both sides of the Yangtze River, feeding on aquatic grass fish and shrimp. After the floods receded, the residents who returned to the continent began to organize themselves to build embankments, and the official subsidies were also given in the form of work-for-charity, and finally at the end of 1932, the 43-mile-long embankment was built. Water can carry boats or overturn boats, and the flood problem in Baguazhou is a microcosm of the dynamic relationship between the Yangtze River and Nanjing's economy. Since then, baguazhou has been successively reclaimed for the second and third times, and the Nanjing Municipal Government has joined hands with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, the China Farmers Bank, the Central University and the College of Agriculture of Jinling University to promote mechanical farming on the continent, prepare cooperative farms, and build modern water conservancy.
From the opening of the port in Xiaguan to the final opening of the railway; from the nanyang persuasion association that first tried to cry, to the grand capital plan, relying on the convenience of the Yangtze River, the city of Nanjing and the economy of Nanjing have developed by leaps and bounds in modern times, and they are changing with each passing day. Although it was interrupted by war many times, Nanjing and the people of Nanjing stood up again and again in the ruins, building a new scene of peace, stability and vitality today, simple and modern, and those who stopped were dazzled. The Yangtze River and Nanjing, a mother and son who have been nestled in each other for thousands of years, will still join hands in the future, and the future can be expected.