There is a tradition of Zhao'an in Chinese history, so what is Zhao'an?
In fact, the ancient feudal rulers adopted a policy of envelopment for local illegitimate civil organizations, allowing them to attach themselves to themselves.
Regarding Zhao'an, there are many examples in history or literature, but the most familiar to us is the good man of Liangshan in the Water Margin. Most of them surrendered to the imperial court under the leadership of Song Jiang and then went on a crusade against the rebellious Fang La.
Although with the development of the times, even the feudal Qing government was overthrown and the Republic of China was established. However, during the turbulent period of the Republic of China, all kinds of internal and external troubles continued, and the chaotic world gave birth to various local armed forces, and those who had guns could become the overlords of a local place.
During the period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, our Party and the Kuomintang, in order to unite all the forces that can be united and persist in the nation's resistance to Japan, sometimes they will also absorb the armed forces in some localities.
At the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, in the western part of Henan, a place that has been in the Central Plains since ancient times, a "Yuxi Incident" occurred that shocked the whole country, and the incident that led to this tragic case and caused the sacrifice of 133 party cadres was caused by the incorporation of local armed forces.
The culprit of this incident is Shangguan Ziping, a landlord bully and a snob who sees profit and forgets righteousness. Let's see how he caused this tragedy.
The commander committed suicide in pain only because he lured the wolf into the house
On March 23, 1949, Peiping, which had been liberated, took on a new look everywhere, and the People's Liberation Army helped the people in the streets and alleys to carry out post-war reconstruction work, and all walks of life were recovering and gradually developing in a good direction.
But in the Beiping Municipal Government Building, Han Jun, who was a member of the Beiping Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, secretary general of the municipal party committee and secretary general of the military officers' association, died in his office.
A "bang" of a gunshot took away such a young revolutionary hero. Later, after investigation, it was confirmed that Han Jun was a suicide, and the motive for suicide was because he was still grumpy about the "Yuxi Incident" a few years ago, and every time he talked to people about it, he looked miserable and fell into depression over time.
When his colleagues and friends learned about the various reasons, they all looked very sad. The "Yuxi Incident" that shocked the whole country at the beginning did bring very serious losses to the party, and a total of 133 outstanding party cadres were killed, all of whom were old party members who had gone through bloody rain and bloody winds since the Long March period, but they were killed by a despicable villain.
And if you want to say that you put all the fault on Han Jun, it is also wrong. The situation and reasons are very complicated, and a memorial service was held after Han Jun's death, and everyone slowly recalled the shocking and painful event.
Yuxi Incident!
The West Henan Incident occurred in the anti-Japanese base area in western Henan, which was already in late May 1949, when the Shangguan Ziping troops, who had been incorporated at that time, took advantage of the fact that General Han Jun led his troops to Fight in Song County, Henan Province, and together with the kuomintang military command agents, they destroyed the base area.
On the night of May 26, Shangguan Ziping simultaneously sent people to rebel in several places in Shichi County, arresting all the cadres sent by the Eighth Route Army to the army and localities and putting them all to death.
And he even arrested Liu Feng, the political commissar of the party who had come to assist him in his work, and asked the guards to pull him outside and kill him.
However, justice is in the hearts of the people, not everyone is as wolf-hearted as Shangguan Ziping, and since it was absorbed by the Communist Party, everyone has seen what the Communist Party has done.
So Shangguan Ziping's guards pulled Liu Feng, who was tightly tied up, to the back of a small mound outside the house, loosened the rope that bound him, and then fired two shots into the sky, pretending to kill him and returning to his life, and then ran with the team.
In this way, Liu Feng recovered a life, quickly escaped from the rebellious area, and reported the news to the central government of the base area.
Leaving aside the reaction of the party, Shangguan Ziping, who was rebelling on the other side, continued to collude with the agents of the Kuomintang military command and held so-called "mass meetings" in several villages, including Geng Village and Guanzhuang Village in Shichi, to maliciously smear the eighth route army fighters, saying that they wanted to publish the "true face of the Eighth Route Army" and let the villagers take a good look at the "bad things" done by the Eighth Route Army.
The eyes of the common people were shining, and in the face of Shangguan Ziping, who was loaded with guns and live ammunition, they dared to be angry and did not dare to speak, and they all saw how many good things the Communist Party had done for them.
What embarrassed them was that Shangguan Ziping ordered his subordinates to come up with some "bad things" that the Eighth Route Army had done, and as a result, they could not say a few before and after, and the only thing they said was how the Eighth Route Army led everyone to carry out the "fall to the ground campaign" and the "rent reduction and interest reduction campaign" how it harmed everyone's interests.
In the end, even Shangguan Ziping himself could not listen to it, and became angry and directly ordered the shooting and execution of a total of 42 people, including the secretary of the county party committee and deputy county magistrate who were tied up.
The 42 party fighters were brave and righteous, and no one begged for forgiveness from Guan Ziping, all of whom stared at him with angry eyes like they were about to spew fire, and they firmly believed that the party would kill this traitor and avenge himself.
After the rebellion of Shangguan Ziping, the team that was originally incorporated with Shangguan Ziping also had a Li Gui five departments.
After Li Guiwu was absorbed, he set his sights on the Communist Party, and even took the initiative to ask to join the Communist Party. Kuomintang military agents approached him and wanted to bribe him to mutiny like Shangguan Ziping, but he sternly refused, so he was regarded as an obstacle by The Kuomintang agents and sent people to assassinate him.
So his successor was Guo Lianjie, who did not resist the sugar-coated shells of the Kuomintang agents, and soon fell, and launched a rebellion with Shangguan Ziping.
At the beginning of the rebellion, a regiment under Guo Lianjie had not yet defected, and the regimental commander was called Zhao Lianzhi. After learning the news of the rebellion in the base areas, the cadres who hurried to investigate came to this last "peaceful place" and asked all the local political workers about Zhao Lianzhi's movements.
All the political workers unanimously believed that Zhao Lianzhi had a high ideological consciousness and was unlikely to defect. But what they did not expect was that Zhao Lianzhi had already colluded with Kuomintang agents, and the reason why he did not announce his defection in a high-profile manner at the beginning was because he wanted to paralyze the Communist Party in secret and make a wave of "great merit."
Sure enough, 6 days after the rebellion of Shangguan Zipingren, Zhao Lianzhi also showed his fangs and killed all the Communist Cadres in his troops. This included not only the personnel of the former party to the troops, but also the Communist Party cadres who escaped after Shangguan Ziping's rebellion.
Everyone who was caught off guard was killed by Zhao Lianzhi, who held up a butcher's knife, and Zhao Lianzhi, who was full of blood, no longer hid it, and openly issued a banner saying that he had submitted to Chairman Chiang Kai-shek.
They not only killed people, but also robbed and destroyed all the warehouses and factories in the county area, destroying the industrial and commercial production system that the Party had so hard to lead the people to set up, leaving only the ground full of devastation.
This incident was the "Yuxi Incident" that shocked the whole country, and after the statistics, there were only 133 veteran cadres from Yan'an who were killed by the Shangguan Ziping rebel team, and these people were all talented people who had been tested for a long time and had very rich experience in revolutionary struggle.
But now he was killed by Shangguan Ziping, and the means were cruel and heinous.
When General Han Jun, who was dealing with the Japanese puppet army on the front line, heard this news, he was furious and rushed to the crown, but the battle situation on the front line was tight and could not be separated for a while, and when he returned to put down the rebellion, he only saw the ruins on the ground.
Speaking from the heart, General Han Jun may indeed have a responsibility for the lack of supervision of this incident, but he could not blame him for all the blame, and at that time he was dealing with the Japanese sweeping on the front line, and the whip was beyond reach, which led to this tragedy.
However, General Han Jun was very guilty and bitter, and he always felt sorry for Chairman Mao and sorry for those comrades who died in battle. He lives in pain, the party's cause still needs him, and the battle still needs him, so he keeps his remnants as the party to continue to dedicate.
And when the War of Liberation was coming to an end, the situation in the whole country was clear, and the defeat of the Kuomintang was inevitable, he no longer lingered on it, nor did he suffer any more, and with a bullet he gave his heart peace.
We need to go back and understand the beginning and end of the integration of Shangguan Ziping's team, so that we can know where the pain in General Han Jun's heart came from, and why he felt sorry for Chairman Mao and sorry for his comrades-in-arms who died in vain.
General Doll took on the big responsibility, and after the troops were collected, they were killed
In May 1944, the 5th Army of the Japanese army invading China in Shanxi sent more than 50,000 people to cross the Yellow River and come to western Henan to launch the Battle of Western Henan.
The Kuomintang troops fled weakly, leaving the vast area of western Henan to be brutally ravaged by the devils. They burned and plundered, and did nothing wrong, and the people were miserable and crying.
Faced with such a situation, the Party Central Committee decided to send troops to western Henan to establish an anti-Japanese base area and strike at the Japanese troops who crossed the river.
In September, Chairman Mao personally ordered the generals and decided to send Han Jun, commander of the Second Sub-district of the Taiyue Military Region in southern Jinnan, Liu Jukui, political commissar of the Third Sub-district, and Liu Zijiu, secretary of the Special Committee of Western Henan, as the leading bodies to establish an anti-Japanese base area in western Henan.
On October 12, in the simple cave dwellings of Yan'an, Chairman Mao personally hosted a banquet for the three of them and interviewed the three people who had been entrusted with heavy responsibilities to discuss some confidential matters.
At the end, looking at Han Jun's young face, Chairman Mao smiled and patted him on the shoulder and said to him
"Doll, give me a good beating, and the people of Western Henan will be waiting for you to rescue it." Remember, be sure to mingle with the masses. ”
At that time, Han Jun was only 32 years old, and Chairman Mao called him "General Doll.". Feeling chairman Mao's powerful palm on his shoulder, Han Jun's heart was fiery, and he immediately performed a military salute and replied loudly: "Guarantee to complete the task!" The serious look made everyone present laugh.
The next day, when he was preparing to leave, Chairman Mao came to see him off, handed over to Han Jun the more than 200 cadres of Henan origin whom he had personally selected from various units and anti-Japanese schools in Yan'an, and said to him with full trust:
"Doll, these people are all precious talents of our party, rich experience in revolutionary struggle, you went to Henan, recruited soldiers and horses, can not do without their help, with them you will not worry about no cadres."
General Han Jun was overjoyed, because Chairman Mao's arrangement really solved his urgent needs, and it was better to have local cadres in Henan, and it was easier for the villagers in the townships to carry out their work.
General Han Jun immediately assured Chairman Mao that he would protect these cadres well and establish and develop the anti-Japanese base areas in western Henan.
But what General Han Jun did not know was that
How much confidence he had at this time, how high Chairman Mao's trust in him, and how strong his suffering would be after the tragic incident.
On November 14, General Han Jun led the 18th Regiment, the 59th Regiment, the 6th Jinsui Detachment and the 6th Jinsui Detachment of the Taiyue Military Region, a total of more than 4,000 people to form the 2nd Anti-Japanese Detachment in Western Henan to cross the Yellow River and begin to face the Japanese army raging on the land of Western Henan.
After only a month of entering western Henan, General Han Jun led his troops to successively lay siege to the Gathering Points of wang fan and Tiemen towns of the Japanese army, and at the same time incorporated the puppet army brigade stationed in Luoning, and strengthened the anti-Japanese troops in western Henan.
After another half a month, Han Jun and Liu Jukui led an army to retake the county seat of Shichi County, killing more than 800 Japanese troops. After the anti-Japanese troops entered the pond, they encountered a problem, that is, the local anti-Japanese armed forces.
At that time, there were two main local armed forces in western Henan. One is Shangguan Ziping in Shichi, and the other is Li Guiwu in Luoning.
Shangguan Ziping had two regiments of troops with more than 2,000 guns; while Li Guiwu had three regiments and more than 3,000 guns.
The two people's origins are not the same, Shangguanzi Pingyuan was first a landlord bully, served as the police chief of the county during the agrarian revolution, but was deposed because of corruption. 38 years later, because of the tense situation, Shichi established a river defense team, and he served as the captain of the brigade.
After the Battle of Zhongtiao Mountain, the remnants of the Kuomintang fled everywhere, so he gathered these soldiers and established the Western Henan Guerrilla Command, declaring himself commander. However, he did not dare to fight against the Japanese army, but in order to preserve his power, he kept fleeing, and finally hid in the northeast mountain area of Diwu.
Li Guiwu, on the other hand, was an old officer who had previously been the brigade commander of the Xiang Army, but he was dismissed from his post and left at home because he made a mistake while encircling and suppressing the Communist Xiang'e base area.
When the Japanese army came to western Henan, it was he who mobilized local young students, gathered the remnants of the Kuomintang and defeated generals, and established the Luoning Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Army, which also appointed himself commander. But unlike Shangguan Ziping, he had a strong sense of patriotism and often led his troops to fight against the Japanese army.
After General Han Jun recaptured Shichi, after discussion at the command, they decided to incorporate these two teams and strengthen the forces of western Henan.
So General Han Jun asked the underground party members in Luoning to contact the two and discuss with them about the merger. However, because of their class composition, the two were very jealous of the experience of killing Communists in the past, so they refused to be accepted by General Han Jun.
But soon after, the remnants of the Kuomintang, which were also entrenched in western Henan at the time, Qiao Mingli and Zhang Guangju's forces joined forces to attack Shangguan Ziping and Li Guiwu.
After three days of fighting, the two could not resist the joint efforts of Qiao Mingli and Zhang Guangju, and were defeated and retreated, and it seemed that the entire army was about to be destroyed.
With no choice, the two had no choice but to send a letter to General Han Jun's troops for help. General Han Jun, who received the distress letter, did not hesitate, and led the troops of the three regiments to attack quickly, repelling the combined forces of Qiao and Zhang and saving Shangguan Ziping and Li Guiwu.
As the saying goes, eat people with soft mouths, take people with short hands. Shangguan Ziping and Li Guiwu were rescued by the Eighth Route Army, and the soldiers and officers under them were very grateful, so the two simply contacted the Eighth Route Army and prepared to surrender to the Eighth Route Army. Li Guiwu was more active, taking the initiative to ask to join the Chinese Communist Party.
On February 4, 1945, the leaders of the Yuxi Special Committee and the Second Detachment of the Eighth Route Army held a meeting in Nanzhuang, Shichi County, at which they did a good job in the construction of the jurisdictions of the various sub-districts of the Yuxi Base Area and arranged the local county party committees and county governments. The troops of Shangguan Ziping and Li Guiwu were incorporated, the former being organized as the Seventh Brigade of the Division, and the latter being organized as the Eighth Brigade of the Division.
At his request, Li Guiwu himself also recruited him as a member of the Communist Party of China, and the cadres brought by General Han Jun from Yan'an were also dispersed into the two men's troops, serving as political work cadres at or above the company level, helping the two units to complete the organizational construction as soon as possible.
In this way, the establishment of the anti-Japanese base area in western Henan was officially announced, and there were 6 counties in the base area, with a total of more than 300,000 people, more than 4,000 regular troops, and more than 5,000 local troops.
The party established the Western Henan Base Area to solve the problem of the Japanese army fighting across the river and to rescue the common people who were in dire straits, but Chiang Kai-shek was furious, and he regarded the Yuxi base area established by the Communist Party as an expansion of the Communist Party's influence in North China, and immediately ordered Yue Zhuyuan, the station commander of the Henan Station of the Army, to be responsible for plotting rebellion and dividing this base area.
The first contact with the big secret agent Liu Maoxin was Li Guiwu. At that time, he took the letter of appointment of the commander of the 5,000 oceans and the first division of the Yuxi Advancing Army, and wanted to bribe Li Guiwu. But Li Guiwu directly refused, he really wanted to devote himself to the party's side at this time.
But Liu Maoxin was not dead hearted, and he ran to contact Shangguan Ziping again. Compared with Li Guiwu's military background, Shangguan Ziping, who was born as a landlord, was originally very snobbish, and the purpose of gathering the army at the beginning was also to enhance his own strength, not to defend his family and defend the country. So now that the Kuomintang agents have found him, the short-sighted and greedy Shangguan Ziping has directly received Liu Maoxin's 10,000 pieces of ocean.
However, Shangguan Ziping, who was undecided, accepted the money, but instead said to Liu Maoxin: "I listen to Li Gui's five brothers in everything, and he said that I would oppose it." ”
Liu Maoxin knew that Shangguan Ziping was a person who had no responsibility and was a pure opportunist, so if he wanted to solve him, he still had to solve Li Guiwu first.
So on the night of March 27, he sent someone to sneak in and assassinate Li Guiwu. After Li Guiwu was killed, the murderer could not be found for a while, and in order to stabilize the troops, he had to let his deputy brigade commander Guo Lianjie serve as the brigade commander. In the face of the bribery offensive of Kuomintang agents, Guo Lianjie did not stick to his heart like his old boss, and soon fell.
So, when Han Jun didn't know it, the two local armed forces that had just been incorporated had not yet been sent out to fight, and had already been secretly bribed by Kuomintang agents.
In April, the western Henan base area carried out rent reduction and interest rate reduction and fall to the ground campaign. Both of these movements were aimed at the landlords, and it is easy to understand that the movement to fall to the ground means that in the year of the disaster, the landlords took advantage of the fire and looting to buy the peasants' land at a very low price, and now the peasants are allowed to buy it back at the price at which the landlord bought the land.
These two events greatly offended the landlord bullies, including Shangguan Ziping, who had already defected, and now that this incident had happened, he was even more dissatisfied with the Communist Party.
Because the timing was not right, General Han Jun and others were still in the base area, and he did not dare to show his opposition. But then something happened, that is, when one of the deputy regimental commanders of Shangguan Ziping passed by a family in Shichi County, he found that the daughter of the family was quite beautiful, and he flirted with her there.
The deputy regimental commander of the bandits had no military discipline and disobeyed discipline, and then directly raped the daughter of the family. This angered the villagers, and everyone tied up the deputy regimental commander together, and then cried and sent him to the Second Prefectural Committee.
At that time, Liu Zijiu, the secretary of the Second Prefectural Committee, also hated this kind of scum, and in order to manage the troops well, he ordered him to be shot and give justice to the common people.
This news reached Shangguan Ziping's side, and they were worried from top to bottom, because they were not from the regular army, and no one was clean under them. But after the uneasiness was anger, they all thought:
Lao Tzu is fighting for your Communist Party, can't you play with a woman?
Therefore, Shangguan Ziping deliberately guided public opinion and deepened everyone's dissatisfaction with the Communist Party, and then after General Han Jun led his army to the Taihang Military Region to reinforce our troops, Shangguan Ziping resolutely pulled up the anti-flag and caused the "Yuxi Incident" tragedy.
In late June, a month after the rebellion of Shangguan Zipingren, General Han Jun returned with full anger and anger.
On June 27, the main force of the Eighth Route Army launched an attack on Guo Lianjie's troops at DaohuanZhai in Luoning, killing 300 people including Guo Lianjie and capturing more than 1,000 bandits below Zhao Lianzhi;
On July 3, Shangguan Ziping, who had no way to escape, launched an attack on the Eighth Route Army at Lizhuang Village in Shichi. General Han Jun immediately counterattacked strongly, and Shangguan Ziping's troops had no combat effectiveness and collapsed at the touch, and the 200 people who could not escape fell into a river ditch.
The soldiers of the Eighth Route Army set up machine guns and shells, attacked frantically, and wanted to surrender on the other side, but thinking of their comrades who were innocently killed, the soldiers did not stop their weapons and continued to annihilate all these 200 people.
Shangguan Ziping knew that he was no longer tolerated by the Communist Party and could only escape all the way. On July 11, the Eighth Route Army raided the Baijia Village where Shangguan Ziping was hiding, and Shangguan Ziping, who was injured in his left foot, fled in a panic and hid himself in the cellar of a family to escape the disaster.
However, after this battle, Shangguan Ziping was frightened and lost his soul, and the whole person soon fell seriously ill, and died of illness on the barren mountain in September.
The other bandits were also successively led by General Han Jun to be cleared and suppressed, but the innocent cadres and comrades who were killed could no longer be revived, and General Han Jun buried this pain deep in his heart, which eventually led to the gunshot of suicide four years later.