King ZhouPing's path to the throne was full of twists and turns, and after his father's death, he was a king killer, and how the exiled prince spent 30 years gradually returning to the royal family that had rejected him. When he obtained the support of the Jin, Zheng, and Qin states, what deal did he make and how much did he pay?
Drama Battle The last tiger of the Western Zhou Dynasty
In the eleventh year of King You of Zhou (771 BC), Zhou Tianzi fled to the theater, followed only by a few people. The Saturday Division that shook the world at that time, only these remnants were left. In the play at the foot of Lishan Mountain, there is the last hope of the Son of Heaven.
Drama (generally thought to be in today's Lintong, Shaanxi), is the royal family to cultivate tiger ben, in the beginning of the Week, the royal family from the and fierce tiger chase, fight the soldiers, select the most powerful and brave warriors, the formation of the tiger ben, the wu king cut merchants, there are three thousand tiger ben, the zhou kings of the past, are followed by eight hundred tiger ben as guards, once they put into battle, they can change the war situation, this is a frightening army; this later became a place of royal entertainment, Tianzi once brought the beautiful queen praise, came here, Watch the colossal show, the war drums from Mishu are earth-shattering, and the slaves or death row prisoners hold goblets, who are not afraid of death and fight with tigers and leopards. Tianzi thought back to the smile of the concubine at that time, and his heart was desolate. (Descriptions of drama come from dictionaries of the words "tiger" and "drama.") ）
"In a hurry, please ask the king to hurry east, gather the princes, and restore the pickaxe capital." After King Wen's younger brother Uncle Yu, Father Yu Shi, the son of Duke Yu Wen ji, wept, "I would like to deserve it here." ”
Tianzi said darkly, "The alliance of the Taimu is still there, and the army of the princes is not coming." The world is already on the shore, and the only place where I have lost the root of the Zhou Dynasty is the Death Society. ”
The Son of Heaven ordered the slaves to be released from the theater, to be given weapons, and to fight with their own death. At that time, he must have thought that when "the King of Wu destroyed Yin, and the age was in Gengyin", Emperor Xin of Yin (King Huan) organized slaves to make a final counterattack, and after defeat, he went to the terrace and set himself on fire. And now, the slaves who once entertained the nobles had become the last royal masters.
The sunset fell, the banner was broken, the tiger was withered, and the wang shi was lost.
The ghost king is destroyed in the play. (Chinese LuYu)
The Zhou Yishu TanFa Xie says, "The flea is lonely and the shop is known as the ghost, the qi cannot be stopped, and the chaos of the sacrifice is often known as the ghost." "Himemiya's whole life was confused and dazed, and he was ignored by the living minister.
The embarrassment of the king-killer Ji Yiusu
After the death of King You of Zhou, the succession of the deposed crown prince Ji Yiusu was not smooth.
In the eyes of many, he was a king-killer.
Although there are many inconsistencies in the descriptions of documents such as Qinghua Jian, Bamboo Book Chronicle, and Zuo Zhuan, they all show that it took Ji Yiusu nearly thirty years to ascend to the throne and move the capital to Chengzhou. Why did he encounter such a huge help?
We mentioned earlier that around the second year of King You of Zhou (780 BC), Zheng Huan and Marquis Wenhou of Jin formed some kind of agreement or alliance. This agreement may be limited to some mutual help, Zheng, as a newly feudal prince, needs friendship from the Jin state; Ji Qiu has just eradicated uncle Yan's rebellion and is also in urgent need of help from Tianzi's uncle Ji You.
In the eighth year of King You of Zhou (772 BC), the nature of the alliance between Jin and Zheng changed, and in the secret conversation between Zheng Huangong and Zhou Taishi Boyang, they both believed that the fall of Zhou was an inevitable thing, and their alliance had become a question of how to determine the status of the new Tianzi after the war and how to divide the Zhou inheritance in the case of the decline of the Zhou royal family. In the eighth year of King You of Zhou, due to the deposing of Shen Jiang and the crown prince, Shen Hou also joined this alliance, and they began to maintain this alliance with marriage, and Zheng Huan's son Ji Tutu married a Shen Jiang, and the wife of Jin Hou, Jin Jiang, was also very likely to come from Shen.
In the eighth year of King You of Zhou, after Zheng Huangong and Zhou Taishi Boyang talked, the rumor that the new queen was a "demon" spread. The rumor-monger Bo Yang said: Chu Ji was the dragon of two evil dragons in the Xia Dynasty, an unmarried young palace girl who was pregnant for more than forty years before giving birth to her, and then dedicated it to King Zhou You, and Bo Yang obviously ignored it, according to his reasoning, Chu Ji was only 6 years old when king Zhou You entered the palace in the third year and gave birth to Bo Fu.
After all, the first queen in ancient times to be characterized as a "demon" is not unusual to grow up at the age of 6.
However, they created rumors for only one purpose: to deny the possibility that the new crown prince Would inherit the throne of the Son of Heaven in the future. They must guard against possible retaliation by the Son of Heaven and the future Son of Heaven, and in any case, they can only be safely betrayed if the deposed prince Ji Yiusus inherits the throne of the Son of Heaven.
Jin and Zheng's strategy
After the death of King You of Zhou, the Jin and Zheng states were slow to move. They began to be busy grabbing territory, and Zheng Guo destroyed Hao and Dong Yu. It gained a large amount of territory and became a powerful country in the early Spring and Autumn Period. The Jin state destroyed Korea, and it was also possible that the state of Gao would submit and seize the land of the Flawed Clan, thus gaining the right to administer the salt pond.
They attacked the countries with the same surname, and Wei Wugong wrote "Green Fly", calling for the unity of the princes surnamed Ji.
Camp flies, stop at Fan. Brother and gentleman, no faith in rumors. Camp flies, stop at the spines. The slanders are reckless and chaotic to the four countries. Camp flies, ending at hazelnuts. Slanderous, I am two. The Book of Poetry. Little Ya Blue Fly》
In their plans, there are some things that they did not expect, which affected their progress.
Zhou Tianzi was actually killed on the spot. No matter how it was disguised, the deposed prince Ji Yiusu could not escape the suspicion of killing the king.
Zheng Huan's duke Ji You may have died shortly after the extermination of the yu. The alliance essentially lost its main backbone.
The conquest of the Jin State was interfered with by Rong Di and was not so smooth. Zheng Guo destroyed the State of Qi in the second year after the death of King You of Zhou, and in the fourth year he destroyed the Eastern State. In contrast, the Jin state moved much slower, and did not attack Korea until the fourteenth year. During this time, the Marquis of Jin also needed to deal with the Rong Di tribe, and there was a Great Jie Gong in the Chen Clan Genealogy, who was a descendant of Yao and the ancestor of the Chen clan in the world. He once followed the Marquis of Jin and later moved east with King Ping.
Who is the legitimate Zhou Tianzi
That is to say, almost 14 years after the death of King You of Zhou (757 BC), Marquis Wen of Jin and Duke Wu of Zheng had the opportunity to deal with the affairs of Zhou Tianzi.
At this time, there were two Zhou Tianzi.
One was The Prince Yuchen who was claiming the title of king with the land; the other was the deposed crown prince Ji Yiusu. In the land of Zongzhou near Hokkei, prince Yuchen, who was the same as Feng, Qi, and Li, was generally thought to be the younger brother of King You of Zhou, who was generally thought to be the son of Ji Bofu in the old days. He received the support of Gonghan Yu (probably the son of Yu Shi's father) who fled to The Land, as well as Zong Zhou Bangjun and Zhu Zheng. Ji Yiusu was supported by princes surnamed Jiang such as Shen and Lü, and possibly lu and Wei.
The three most crucial princes had an ambiguous attitude, and the attitude of the Qin state was unclear, and the Zheng and Jin states were busy attacking the city.
The Chronicle of the Bamboo Book of Kizuka :(Bopan) and Yu Wangju died in the play. First, Shen Hou, Lu Hou, and Xu Wengong established Yu Shen the Prince of Ping, the eldest son of Ben, so he was called the Heavenly King. King You died, and Duke Yu set up Prince Yu to carry him. On Tuesday the kings stood side by side.
In 516 BC, after the death of King Jing of Zhou, the prince Ji Chao and the prince Ji Meng (King Jing of Zhou), after the failure of the prince dynasty, fled to the Chu state with some of the nobles and royal texts of Zhou, he wrote letters to the princes, exposing the secrets of the royal family in large quantities, this letter was recorded in the "Twenty-six Years of Zuo Chuan Zhaogong", about the events of the Western Zhou Dynasty, he mentioned: "With the king's treacherous order, the princes took his place, and built the king's heir, using the relocation of the king." ”
"Carrying the king's adulterous life" is a very key expression, the original meaning of adultery is to infringe, here is the meaning of stealing; the explanation of fate is very interesting, "Zengyun" said, "Big order, small order." Up and down for life. The Erya Interpretation says, "Fate, sue (truth) also." When all the princes of the Zhou Dynasty ascended the throne, they all needed to receive the "order" of the Son of Heaven to be considered legitimate. For the Son of Heaven, this is equivalent to the edict of succession in the hereafter.
That is to say, Yu Chen did have a "fate", this life can only be given by the previous Tianzi, and when King Zhou You was playing, a fate was passed out, because the crown prince Bofu was already dead, and the deposed prince Ji Yiusu was attacking himself among the Rong people. King You of Zhou ordered his younger brother Yu Chen to succeed him as the new Tianzi and Gonghan Yu as his secretary. However, in the eyes of the successors of the Eastern Zhou, he stole and forged the "life".
That is to say, the Son of Heaven who is carrying the land at this moment is in line with Zhou's law. In the eyes of Zong Zhou's state and Zhu Zheng, Ji Yiusu, as a ruler, obviously did not have the qualifications to take the throne.
The price of Ji Yiusu
For Ji Yiusu, he must pay a greater price to change this fate.
To Zheng Guo: Ji Yiusu recognized zheng's annexation of Dong Yu and Xi as legitimate, and gave Zheng Guo a large area of Wang Qi's land east of Chengzhou Hu Prison.
To the Jin State: Ji Yiusu recognized the legitimacy of the Jin invasion of Korea and the possible management of the salt ponds, and gave the land of The Jin State.
To the State of Qin: Ji Yiusu recognized the status of a prince of Qin and gritted his teeth and gave the land of Qi to the State of Qin.
"The Chronicle of the Present Bamboo Book": "(King Ping) gave Qin, Jin, and the land of Qi. ”
The land of Ying is believed by some to be the King of Zhou, in the area of present-day Bin County and Xunyi in Shaanxi. Some believe that it is the area around Hancheng in Shaanxi, and others believe that it is the Fenhe River Valley. I think the Fenhe River basin is more likely, zhou's ancestor Gu Gongfu once left the land, crossed the Liangshan and Yellow Rivers, and settled and multiplied at the foot of the Qishan Mountains; and Qi was the place where King Wu of Wen started his business. We look at the last years of the Zhou Dynasty, King Li of Zhou once lived in Yandi (present-day Huozhou, Shanxi), and during the Great War of Qianmu by King Xuan of Zhou, Qianmu had a variety of sayings such as Wang Qi and Hongdong in Shanxi, and from the "Chinese", we see that the ancestors of Zhou once had the tradition of holding a ceremony in Qianmu. It can be inferred that one of the ancestral lands of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Ying is in the area of Huozhou and Hongdong, which has long been the property of the royal family.
"Under The King of Mencius Lianghui": "Go to The Liang Mountains, and live under the Qishan Mountains." ”
What Ji Yiusu was trading was Zhou's ancestral land and future.
The last Western Zhou Tianzi
Therefore, the armies of the Jin and Zheng kingdoms that had been sitting in the turmoil of Zong Zhou for 21 years were mobilized.
Zheng Wugong was a Situ and a member of the Zhou Dynasty with the Marquis of Jinwen. Jiafu Pingwang, led the princes to poke force and move east to Luoyi. History of the Emperors
Marquis Wen of Jin would serve as Duke Wu of Wei, Duke Wu of Zheng, and Duke Xiang of Qin, and follow Wang into Chengzhou. "The Chronicle of the Present Bamboo Book"
At this time, another major catastrophe occurred in the Zong Zhou area, and the "Poetry Ya Yu Wuzheng" is believed to have been written by Wang Jinchen, in which the close minister mentioned that the heavens will once again descend into natural disasters, "Hao Hao Tian, not Junqi Virtue." Descend from famine and cut down the four kingdoms. "The people of the state and the scholar were panicked and fled one after another," Zhou Zong was destroyed, and the jing stopped fighting. The doctor left the house, and he didn't know what I was doing. Doctor three things, Moken dream night. Princes of the state, Moken Day and Night. Zhou Yiwang behaved in a confused manner: he did not listen to opinions and blindly fled: "How to Haotian, dispel words and disbelieve." If the other is walking, it is perfect. The Jin Division almost effortlessly captured the land.
When he fled to the kingdom of Yu, he pursued and killed the Jin army. Strictly speaking, this was the last monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
After Pingding and the queen, the Marquis of Jin welcomed Ji Yiusu to Shao'e (present-day Xiangning, Shanxi), and then received Zong Zhou, and now Ji Yiusu once again returned to the place where he had rejected him. The princes proclaimed him the Son of Heaven in Beijing. Probably feeling the sympathy of Zong Zhou Bangjun, Qing Shi, Zhu Zheng, Dafu, and the people for Ji Yuchen, the new Zhou Tianzi gave him a nickname, and the Yi Zhou Shu Tan Fa Xie said: "Soft quality is favored by the class day." Everyone believes that during the 21 years of Ji Yuchen's reign, although the government was mediocre and inaction, he had a soft personality and was very sympathetic to the suffering of the people. So it's a good thing.
During the Jin Dynasty's pacification of The Emperor's Zhou Dynasty, Zheng Wugong was also "the prince of the east". After nearly 30 years of strife, the princes finally reached an agreement.
Qinghua Jian (清华簡): Yu Chen, the younger brother of King Yu of Bangjun and Zhu Zheng ,王 Li you, was the King of Hui. Twenty years later, Marquis Wen of Jin killed King Hui of Yu. In the ninth year of the fall of the Zhou Dynasty, the princes of the state did not come to Zhou, and the Marquis of Jinwen was the Prince of Ping, Yu Shao'e, and established himself in jingshi. In the third year, nai moved east and ended in Chengzhou, the Jin people began to start in the capital division, and Zheng Wugong was also the prince of the east.
The new Son of Heaven had to face a dilapidated situation full of natural disasters, and in the hearts of the nobles and people of Zongzhou, he was the one who killed the king, the one who brought great disasters to Zongzhou. So Zhou Tianzi ordered the abandonment of Zong Zhou, and 3 years later, under the escort of the three princes, the migration of the Zhou royal family began. He took away some of the nobles and people, leaving behind most of the states and patriarchs, leaving them to fend for themselves. The aristocratic forces of The Sect Zhou, who had been around King Li of Zhou, King Xuan of Zhou, and even the three generations of Heavenly Sons of King You of Zhou, were finally swept into the grave, and at the same time, Zhou Qiangsheng was also in.
(Image from the Internet)