In the past century, the people of Chinese have lived in deep trouble. In order to achieve national independence and live a free, democratic and prosperous life, Chinese carried out anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movements one after another.
Among them, countless benevolent people have gone forward and sacrificed blood, forever stopping in history.
The surviving heroes unswervingly followed the footsteps of the revolution, leading the people of Chinese to rise up and finally fight a new China.
After the founding of New China, they received the highest honor of the country.
On September 27, 1955, chairman Mao Zedong conferred the rank of marshal of the People's Republic of China on Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen, Ye Jianying and ten others at Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai, Beijing.
(Ten Marshals)
But to this day, the former marshals have all died, so where are they buried?
I. Zhu De, the "father of the Red Army"
Commander-in-Chief Zhu De was the most important, the most senior, the most senior, the oldest, and the oldest marshal of the Republic.
In 1937, the American female writer Smedley came to Yan'an, the revolutionary base area, to interview Zhu De.
After field trips and many conversations, she commented on Commander-in-Chief Zhu De in her work "China's Battle Song": he looked like the father of the Red Army (the father of the Red Army).
in Smedley
Looking back at the revolutionary career of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, he led the army from establishment to maturity and is a well-deserved "father of the Red Army".
(Schematic diagram of the Jinggangshan Huishi)
Since the Jinggangshan Division, Zhu De has been serving as commander-in-chief and cooperating with Mao Zedong to complete the revolutionary cause, and later everyone affectionately called the two - "Zhu Mao". Zhou Enlai regarded Zhu De's revolutionary history as "a milestone in the Chinese revolution in the twentieth century."
(Oil painting reflecting Mao Zedong and Zhu De at Jinggangshan)
At the end of June 1976, Zhu De was admitted to the hospital because of a cold and fever, because the high fever did not go away, which led to aggravation of the disease into pneumonia, and at the same time induced gastroenteritis and kidney disease, and eventually due to diabetes caused by kidney failure and other diseases that made it difficult to speak.
On July 6 of the same year, Marshal Zhu De, who had been a soldier for a long time, died in Beijing due to ineffective medical treatment. After his death, the ashes of Marshal Zhu De were placed in the first room of the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery Auditorium for worship.
- "Horizontal knife immediate general" Peng Dehuai
In April 1928, Peng Dehuai joined the Communist Party of China. Soon after joining the party, he established the Fifth Army of the Red Army and opened up the Xiang'e-Anhui base area.
Half a year later, he arrived at Jinggangshan to meet zhu de and Mao Zedong and began an anti-"encirclement and suppression" operation against the Kuomintang army led by Chiang Kai-shek.
(Long March of the Red Army)
After the end of the Long March, in order to prevent the Kuomintang from entering the revolutionary base areas in northern Shaanxi and causing trouble, Peng Dehuai commanded the advance team to conduct a "tail cutting" battle near Wuqi Town, and won the first victory of the Central Red Army after it arrived in northern Shaanxi.
Mao Zedong was very surprised, and recited a poem: "The mountain is high and the road is far and deep, and the army is running in all directions." Who dares to cross the knife? Only I Am General Peng! ”
(Peng Dehuai after the Long March reached northern Shaanxi)
In 1950, at the age of 52, Peng Dehuai led the Chinese Volunteer Army to Korea to participate in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, which created the national and military prestige of New China.
(Peng Dehuai, commander and political commissar of the Volunteer Army, signed the armistice agreement)
On November 29, 1974, Marshal Peng Dehuai died in Beijing at the age of 76. More than 20 years later, in order to fulfill the marshal's long-cherished wish to be buried in his hometown, his family moved his ashes from babaoshan cemetery to the foot of his hometown wushifeng.
Third, the "one-eyed military god" Liu Bocheng
In March 1916, when Liu Bocheng was commanding the operation, he unfortunately had a bullet in the right eye. In order to avoid damage to the cranial nerves, he refused to take anesthetics and endured the pain to complete the operation, and since then, he has a reputation as a "one-eyed military god".
In August 1923, while treating his wounded right leg in Chengdu, he became acquainted with Marxism advocate Wu Yuzhang and others, which was his first exposure to red thought, and under the influence of new ideas, Liu Bocheng joined the Communist Party of China three years later.
(Liu Bocheng in his youth)
After joining the party, he made many achievements. After liberation, he dragged his sick body and founded the Chinese People's Liberation Army Military Academy. His teaching ideas still have a profound impact on the curriculum and teaching content of domestic military academies.
In 1982, Marshal Liu Bocheng, considering his advanced age and physical ill health, took the initiative to resign from the leading position of the party, government and army to the organization. He died on October 7, 1986 at Beijing 301 Hospital. His family followed his last wishes and buried him in General Ridge, Handan City.
(Marshal Liu Bocheng Memorial Pavilion in General Ridge)
Fourth, "two kitchen knives make a revolution" He Long
In 1916, at the age of 20, He Long began the revolutionary road in his hometown of Sangzhi County, Hunan Province.
At that time, they did not have any weapons in their hands, and He Long thought that every household had a kitchen knife, so he gathered more than 20 people, each with two kitchen knives, to raid the salt tax bureau, tied up the director, burned the ledger, took all the guns away, and distributed the salt and property paid to the people.
They had strong combat capabilities and were able to continue to win battles, and a month later, He Long and his men were officially incorporated into the Hunan Protectorate Army.
(He Long in his youth)
After joining our party, He Long dared to break through and fight. In July 1936, the Red Second and Sixth Fronts and the Red Fourth Front met at Ganzi, and in order to facilitate the later command of the operation, they were unified and reorganized into the Second Front of the Red Army.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he still focused on the construction of the army and national defense. On June 9, 1969, Marshal He Long died. 40 years later, his ashes were moved from Babaoshan Cemetery to Tianzishan Helong Park in Zhangjiajie.
(A view of Zhangjiajie Helong Park)
5. Chen Yi
Chen Yi was escorted back to China while studying in France for participating in the anti-imperialist patriotic movement organized by international students, and then joined the revolution.
After the Nanchang Uprising, Chen Yi and Zhu De together led the remaining troops of the Nanchang Uprising to continue fighting, and in the process, Chen Yi, as a "literati", was greatly improved in his military combat capabilities.
(Birthplace of the Shonan Uprising)
In 1949, Chen Yi led 100,000 People's Liberation Army into Shanghai and served as the first mayor of Shanghai.
After that, he held leading positions in East China, the central government and other institutions, and did a lot of exploratory and preparatory work for the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
(Shanghai Mayor Chen Yi speaks at the broadcasting conference)
In his later years, Chen Yi's physical health was poor, and he often felt abdominal pain accompanied by diarrhea, and on January 16, 1971, Chen Yi was diagnosed with bowel cancer by doctors.
Due to medical conditions at the time, Marshal Chen Yi died of illness in Beijing on January 6 of the following year. On January 10, Marshal Chen Yi's memorial service was held in Babaoshan, where his ashes were buried, and Premier Zhou Enlai delivered a eulogy, and Chairman Mao Zedong personally went to mourn with his illness.
Sixth, "a person who has worked all his life" Luo Ronghuan
In 1927, Luo Ronghuan, who was studying at Sun Yat-sen University in Wuchang, actively joined the Communist Party and was sent to Xianning City three months later to organize a peasant movement.
(Luo Ronghuan in his youth)
He has always obeyed the organizational arrangements, where it needs to go. Since 1937, he has been establishing revolutionary base areas in North China and the Central Plains, cooperating with various armies in combat. It was not until 1945 that he was sent to fight in the Northeast.
The following year, because of physical problems, Luo Ronghuan was sent to the Soviet Union to have a broken kidney on one side removed, but considering the situation of our army in the northeast region at that time, he insisted on returning to China despite the obstruction of Soviet doctors. After returning to China, he immediately participated in the command of the Northeast People's Liberation Army.
After liberation, he threw himself into the army building in the new period, and because he did not have time to cultivate, his health became worse and worse.
In September 1956, Luo Ronghuan, who was seriously ill, resigned from the central government and retained only the post of secretary of the supervision committee. Later, due to his deteriorating health, Luo Ronghuan died of illness in Beijing on December 16, 1963.
(From right to left: Nie Rongzhen, He Long, Luo Ronghuan)
In 2003, after the death of his wife Lin Yueqin, the children buried their parents' ashes together at Babaoshan Cemetery.
(Luo Ronghuan and his wife Lin Yueqin)
7. "Marshal of cloth" Xu Xiangqian
In 1927, Xu Xiangqian, tired of corruption and intrigue within the Kuomintang, decided to join the Communist Party of China.
Xu Xiangqian likes opera, good calligraphy, can sew and repair, etc., life is simple, approachable, no official shelf, does not wear military uniforms, and is known as "Marshal of Cloth".
Although he was dressed in cloth, his strength should not be underestimated, and he set many firsts in the history of our army.
At the age of 30, he was the first military commander in the "Huangpu Department" to become the military commander of the Front; he won an unprecedented victory against the Kuomintang army in the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Region, the Great Victory of Su Jiafu; he was the first senior general in the People's Liberation Army to command an airplane; and his invention of the "tightening position" tactic was recognized by Mao Zedong...
(Left: Xu Xiangqian; Right: Chairman Mao Zedong)
On September 21, 1990, Xu Xiangqian died in Beijing due to a sharp deterioration in his condition. Part of his ashes were placed on the second 129 steps of General Ridge.
Prior to this, the ashes of Marshal Liu Bocheng were placed on the first 129 steps of this cemetery. Both chose the "129 steps" because they had served as commanders of the 129th Division during their lifetimes.
(Xu Xiangqian Former Residence and Memorial Hall)
VIII. Nie Rongzhen, "the founder of the cause of science and technology for national defense."
Nie Rongzhen secretly joined the Communist Party, and after being arranged by the organization, he successively engaged in underground work in Shanghai, Hong Kong and other places, and then moved to the battlefield.
During the Long March, he led his troops to fight the vanguard against "encirclement and suppression"; during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, in addition to creating the Jin-Cha-Ji anti-Japanese base area, he also jointly commanded the Battle of Pingxingguan with other generals, breaking the myth of the invincibility of the Japanese army.
(Nie Rongzhen)
In the 1960s, after he served as the director of the National Defense Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of National Defense, he concentrated manpower and material resources into areas urgently needed for national defense construction, and in only 5 years, he developed atomic bombs and missiles, laying a solid foundation for the successful development of hydrogen bombs and nuclear submarines.
On May 14, 1992, Marshal Nie Rongzhen died in Beijing at the age of 93 due to heart failure and ineffective rescue.
Marshal Nie Rongzhen's mausoleum is in the Dongfeng Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery, which is located near the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and he dedicated himself to the country's national defense science and technology cause before his death, and he still has to witness the continuous development of China's national defense cause behind his death.
(Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center)
IX. "Lü Duan is not confused about major matters" Ye Jianying
Ye Jianying secretly joined the Communist Party in 1927 and together with Ye Ting and He Long launched the Nanchang Uprising. A few months later, together with Ye Ting and others, he launched the Guangzhou Uprising against the right wing of the Kuomintang.
Although the uprising failed, the leaders who organized the uprising and the remaining armed forces became an important part of the subsequent development and growth of our Party and the basis for the formation of the people's army.
Marshal Ye Jianying can not only command battles on the battlefield, but also has a strong diplomatic negotiation ability, and he, together with Zhou Enlai and Dong Biwu, is known as the "Three Knights of the Chinese Communists' Diplomacy".
(In October 1938, Ye Jianying and Zhou Enlai were in Changsha.)
After the "Xi'an Incident" that year, he assisted Zhou Enlai in negotiations with the Kuomintang, and finally realized the unity of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party against Japan.
(Map of the Situation of the Lugou Bridge Incident)
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he obeyed the organizational arrangements and successively served in Guangzhou and other places, vigorously developing the economy, education, and science and technology, and creating a stable social environment for the subsequent reform and opening up.
Mao Zedong once said that Xu Xiangqian was "not confused about major matters in Lü Duan" to praise Ye Jianying for being able to proceed from the overall situation and play a role at a critical moment.
(Mao Zedong and Ye Jianying in Yan'an, 1944)
In 1986, Marshal Ye Jianying, then 89 years old, died in Beijing. On the first anniversary of his death, his ashes were placed in the Huanghuagang Martyrs' Cemetery in Guangzhou.
(Tomb of Marshal Ye Jianying)
10. Lin Biao
In 1928, at the age of 21, Lin Biao followed the Shonan Rebel Army and Mao Zedong to meet at Jinggangshan to carry out the agrarian revolution here. He died on September 13, 1973 in the Öndörkhaan region of present-day Outer Mongolia.
(Tomb of Lin Biao)
epilogue:
Today, although the founding marshals of the republic have all fallen, their contributions to the revolution and their hard work for the country are worth remembering.