"The First Emperor was resolute and fierce, happy to take torture as a threat, full-time prison guard and personally fortunate, and the sea was troubled and bored- "The Old Story of the History of the Country""
As the first emperor of China to truly unify the world, Qin Shi Huang played a pivotal role in Chinese history. He first ascended to the throne at the age of thirteen and ascended to the throne of the Emperor of the Six Kingdoms at the age of thirty-nine, and was a groundbreaking historical figure. People who are familiar with history know that Yingzheng abolished the sub-feudalism, built the great wall of defense fortifications, and built the spiritual canal to deal with water conservancy projects, so it seems that Qin Shi Huang was really a ming emperor.
However, in the eyes of more people in the world, Qin Shi Huang has a mixed reputation, and many people think that Qin Shi Huang is a real tyrant, not only for the sake of power, but also implements harsh legislation, and is an evil person. Thinking of him, he remembered his companions like companions, lest the slightest mistake might be destroyed by him.
And the description of his palace "A Fang Gong Fu" described: "Star screen, open makeup mirror also; green clouds disturbed, comb Xiao Yan also; Wei Liu swollen greasy, discarded fat water also; smoke oblique fog horizontal, burning pepper orchid also." "This is a real emperor, not only gathering young female relatives from all over the world here, but also being so extravagant and wasteful, making the entire Afang Palace a miasma, it is really difficult to make the broad masses of the people feel good."
First, unify the world and formulate rules
At the beginning of the founding of the Qin State, it was different from the other six countries, and it was the most special country. First of all, in terms of the founding time, the Qin state is a complete rising star, not only compared with the Chu state, the State of Qi, and the State of Yan, but also different from the Republic of Korea, the State of Zhao, and the State of Wei, and do not want them to have national wealth to inherit. The founders of the Qin state were actually subjects of the King of Shang, who were ordered to resist during Zhou Tianzi's conquest of the Shang Dynasty, so they had no foothold in the early Zhou Dynasty.
By the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Tianzi's power had long been scattered and he was ruled by the princes of various places in the palace. Only at this time did the ancestors of the Qin State, who had been dormant for many years, appear at this moment to defend Zhou Tianzi and obtain a fief of their own. It can be said that the founders of the Qin State were inherited from the Shang Dynasty, and there must be the inheritance of the cultural attributes related to the Shang Dynasty when the country was established.
Different from the sound and color dogs and horses described in the "Afang Gongfu", the Shang Dynasty had a relatively high definition of the historical status of women at that time, for example, the tomb of women near the Yin Ruins in Anyang today is buried with the female generals who were brave and good at war at that time, and also the queen of the Shang King. Not only was his leadership appreciated, but he could also be used to become a great general who commanded thousands of troops and horses, which was unlikely to be achieved now, and because he led his troops to fight and made great achievements in battle, he was also rewarded with land by his husband Wu Ding.
As the last leader of the Shang Dynasty, the Shang King's power was overthrown because he indulged the favored woman to participate in political affairs, because he believed too much that the horse lost its front hoof and eventually died in Huangquan. From the side, it also shows the historical facts of the participation of women in various aspects of politics and military affairs in the Shang Dynasty at that time.
The Book of Shang reads: "The present King of Shang was only used by his wife's words, and he fainted and gave up his unbridled answers." This sentence is exactly what King Wu of Zhou said at the banquet of the large-scale attack on the Shang Dynasty, from which we can glimpse that the women of the Shang Dynasty were indeed respected, and their deeds would be valued, rather than women in the Ming and Qing dynasties, who were called ladies.
Second, respect women for acknowledging merits
For those who can allow women to participate in politics and military affairs, the Qin State has also inherited such advanced traditional virtues, and looking back at the history of the Qin State, it can be seen that women have played a pivotal role in promoting the history of the Qin State, and perhaps without the participation of women, there is no great cause of the unification of the Qin State today. For example, qin shi huang's road to reunification, which also began at the beginning of a woman with power in her hands, Lady Huayang, was Qin Shi Huang's grandmother according to her generation, and it can be said that without this female Qin Shi Huang, even the king could not do it.
There is also the "Mi Yue", who is now on fire because of film and television dramas, is also a famous woman who has dominated the politics of the Qin State for many years, and it can be said that it is very rare for women to constantly lead the direction in the country in the history of the Six Kingdoms. This is mainly because the Qin state promotes the theory of the legalists, and unlike the Confucians who especially imprison women, the starting point for everything is only to pursue "fairness and justice", and other entanglements such as the status of men and women are not concerned, so the Qin Dynasty is indeed more equal in the status of men and women.
Today's archaeology has made many truths public, such as a previously unearthed Document of the Qin Dynasty Cultural Relics in a text "Legal Questions and Answers" that said: "A woman is a wife, and the little one is six feet, when the argument is improper? Official: When discussed; unofficial, improper. "After the translation, if a woman is dissatisfied with a marriage that has been written before, and therefore runs away from marriage, then should the woman be punished?
In this regard, the law of the time gave a clear answer, punishing by distinguishing between different situations. If the two have been registered with the government, even if it is nailed down to the consent of the state, if the marriage is runaway at this time, the man and the woman will be punished no matter who escapes the marriage, but if it is only a verbal agreement between the two families or is not known by the government, it is regarded as an invalid marriage, so the escape marriage is not guilty.
3. Legal justice equality between men and women
In this way, the law of the Qin State pursues equality for all, and men and women are only different attributes, and there will be no difference in punishment because of gender. However, after the development of history, due to the many constraints of culture and tradition, the equality of men and women is not as good as a day, and in other Confucian dynasties, even if the man is the wrong party in marriage, it is just a letter of resignation from his wife, if it is placed in the Qin Kingdom, it will not work.
First of all, the husband and wife have the idea of separation, they must first prepare the letter of resignation and report it to the government, just like when they got married, they can also get official recognition before they can be officially separated, and then they part ways. But if there is no such reporting process, the man in the family will have to "give the second armor", it is to inform the man to hand over two sets of armor to accept punishment, at that time it was difficult for ordinary people to have a set of armor, the cost of armor is very expensive, more valuable than many weapons, this punishment is enough to deter most of the people.
Therefore, the cost of casually divorcing one's wife in the Qin Dynasty was not something that ordinary people could bear, not only was the original peaceful life missing and even probably even the most basic life could not be guaranteed. Here in Qin Shi Huang, women's rights have been more perfectly protected, which can be said to be more shocking than many equalizers now.
Qin Shi Huang directly stipulated in the law: Husbands are sent to the pigs, and they are not guilty of killing. How to explain the consignment? It means a boar that has been borrowed to breed, and the meaning of this sentence is that if a man goes to someone else's house to have sex with someone else, it is not against the law for his wife to kill him under this premise.
epilogue:
In this way, this law may be shocking if placed in the present, but it has to be admitted that it was extremely deterrent at that time. At that time, both men and women were actually not allowed to cheat, but the requirements for men were also very strict, and they definitely did not change because they were men.
The laws of the Qin Dynasty were actually simple and crude, enough to deter the offenders and ensure fairness and order at that time, and men and women were treated equally as natural persons, regardless of whether there was any difference in power or obligation. Compared with modern equality, this kind of fairness is more direct than that of modern equality, and it can also be understood and accepted by all the people.
References "A Fang Gong Fu", "Shang Shu", "National History"