The Jin Dynasty, in the history of our country, after the Five Hu Chaohua, five dynasties and ten kingdoms after another ethnic minority to establish a political regime, the founder of the yan Akuta, at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty unified the Jurchen, successively destroyed the Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty, is for the Jin Taizu! In the process of establishing the country, his brother Yan Sheng also made great contributions, and after Ah Bone was killed, he was able to succeed to the throne for Jin Taizong!
Figure 1, Map of the Golden Kingdom's Heyday Territory
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, although the force was once strong, but civil strife was frequent, and the descendants of the Taizu and Taizong clans competed for power, for example, after the death of Emperor Taizong, the three grandsons of Taizu successively ascended to the throne, and under the efforts of xizong and hailing king, they almost wiped out the descendants of emperor Taizong! At the same time, it was also a war and uncertainty with the Southern Song Dynasty, although previous generations of kings had the heart to destroy the Song, and the Hailing King once said:
The Ten Thousand Mile Car Book is mixed, is there a different frontier seal in Jiangnan? Raise troops on the West Lake, and immediately the first peak of Wu Mountain.
It can be seen that he has the ambition to cross the river, immediately attack Wushan, and destroy the Southern Song Dynasty!
However, after the resistance of the Southern Song Dynasty ministers Yue Fei, Wu Jie, and Yu Yunwen, he never fought the Yangtze River in his lifetime, and even in the last battle against the Song Dynasty, he abdicated and died, and then his cousin Sejong completed Yan Yong's ascension to the throne and created the rule of Dading, so that the political situation of the Jin Dynasty gradually stabilized! During his reign of thirty years, he first stopped the war against the Southern Song Dynasty, so that the people could recuperate; suppressed the Khitan rebellion at the end of the Hailing King, ensuring domestic stability; and changed the high pressure of the clan and the nobles during the Hailing King's period, and adopted the form of envelopment to make the government and the opposition harmonious! Although he stopped the sinicization process during the reign of Emperor Xizong and King Hailing, which aggravated ethnic contradictions to a certain extent, he was still a great monarch and laid the foundation for the rule of Mingchang during the time of Sun Zhangzong!
Figure 2, Kim Sejong finishes Yan Yong
In the twenty-ninth year of Dading, Yan Yong died, and due to the early death of his son, his grandson Yan Jing took the throne as Emperor Zhangzong of Jin, with the era name Mingchang. He was the emperor of the Jin Dynasty with the highest level of Chinese, and on the basis of the rule of Dading, he also created the most prosperous dynasty since the founding of the Jin Dynasty!
At the beginning of his ascension to the throne, he solved the problem of the second tax household, that is, the slave, so that the vast majority of slaves became commoners, which improved their enthusiasm for production; and even reformed the official system and improved administrative efficiency! At the same time, because he grew up with his grandfather, he heard about his grandfather's Wentao martial strategy, coupled with the careful teaching of Han celebrities at that time, Confucianism had a deep influence on him, and also laid the foundation for the full Sinicization of his reign. Constantly improving various political and economic systems, vigorously intermarriing with the Han nationality, promoting another great national integration, leading jurchens to the road of complete feudalization, he is also the second ethnic minority emperor to fully implement Sinicization after Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei!
Because of his own talents and these efforts, the Ming Dynasty flourished in civil rule, and the economy and population grew explosively. By the sixth year of MingChang, the national population had grown to 7.72 million households, and the total population of the country exceeded 56 million during the Taihe year. You know, at that time, the area under the jurisdiction of the Jin Dynasty was divided into five capitals and nineteen roads, that is, the southeast, northwest, four capitals plus Beijing, although it occupied most of China, but most of it was still northern China, because the south in addition to the Southern Song Dynasty at that time also had Dali, and the northwest also had Western Xia! If this population is divided equally by region, it is almost no less than that of the Ming Dynasty in the later heyday, not to mention that after the Eastern Jin Dynasty, due to the Yongjia Southern Crossing, the population density in the south was once greater than that in the north, and it was indeed not easy for the Jin Dynasty in the Zhangzong period to have such achievements! As in the "History of Jin. Volume XII. As recorded in the Twelfth Book of the Book:
Zan yue: Emperor Zhangzong reigned for twenty years, Emperor Chengshizong ruled for a long time, Uchiha Washi, Naizheng Lile, revision of criminal law, fixed official system, and canonical relics were gradually transformed into a generation of rules. He also asked the group of ministers Han Xuan to comprehensively verify the name and the method of the Tang Dynasty examination, and Gai wanted to cross the Liao and Song dynasties and compare them with the Han and Tang, and it can also be said that those who are interested in ruling are also interested in ruling!
The prosperity of The Reign of Emperor Zhangzong is the largest since the founding of the Jin Dynasty!
Figure 3, Jin Zhangzong, who single-handedly created the rule of Mingchang
Although the people of the Zhangzong period lived a rich life and flourished in civil rule, the rise of Mongolia in the later period, coupled with his long history as the Son of Taiping, was eventually not exempt from customs, and still followed in the footsteps of Tang Xuanzong. Life gradually decayed, and it took more than two years to renovate the old palace, which was extremely expensive. Coupled with the fact that he favored the foreign relatives of the Li clan behind him, the government was not! What is even more unfortunate is that the Yellow River flooded, spending huge sums of money to repair the river for disaster relief and the previous uses, so that the finances of the Jin Dynasty gradually could not make ends meet, and Zhang Zong did not have an effective solution, and even over-issued currency to solve the urgent need. At the same time as the prosperity of civil rule, it also made the armament untidy and the force unrepaired.
All these things made the decline in the power of the Jin State in the late Zhangzong period very serious, so that the Southern Song Dynasty, which had always been known for its weakness, also coveted the Jin Kingdom, hoping to recover the northern homeland! The Southern Song Dynasty minister Han Nongxu (tuō zhòu) presided over this famous war in the sixth year of Zhang Zongtaihe (1206) for the Northern Expedition, although the Jin State was lucky to win, but it was already seriously injured! In the same year, Temujin unified the Mongol tribes and established the Mongol Empire for Genghis Khan!
Figure 4, The Brave Mongolian Iron Horse
It can be said that at this time, the Golden Kingdom was already worried about internal and external troubles, and the imperial peak eventually became the end of the day!
History of Jin. Volume XII. The Twelfth Book of the Book also records the shortcomings of the later period of Emperor Zhangzong's reign:
However, the concubines were good at the dynasty, and the heirs were not established, and they neglected the clan room and taught non-human. The so-called maintenance of the so-called maintenance of the long-term maintenance is in vain as stationery, and cannot be used for the day of future generations, and the Jin Gen clan has since declined! Xi Yangxiong had clouds: "Qin Zhi Has a Division negative Qin's Fa degree, and Qin Zhi Wei negative The Fa degree of a saint." Covered with Eph.
It can be seen that under the prosperity of the world, the crisis is also very obvious! In the final chapter of the Emperor's reign, there was no further change. Two years after the Northern Expedition, Zhang Zong died of illness; thirty years later, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongols jointly destroyed the Jin Dynasty in Caizhou!
Throughout the Zhangzong dynasty, prosperity and decadence coexisted, and prosperity and crisis coexisted, and the contrast was stark! The reason for this situation is environmental factors, there are situation factors, and more is Zhang Zong himself! He was brilliant and strategic, and single-handedly made the country extremely prosperous, but in the later period, his life gradually became corrupt, and he used non-human beings, favoring foreign relatives to cause the government to become more and more non-practicing; martial arts were not practiced, although during his reign, he divided the various tribes of Mongolia and made them kill each other, but the results were not obvious, and eventually Mongolia was unified, and Song and Jin were all destroyed! The Yellow River flooded, disaster relief and river repair is good, but it should not be over-issued, so that the state credit collapsed; the administrative apparatus was perfected, but the later period was completely distorted, resulting in a huge and bloated bureaucracy, and the number of officials increased by three times compared with the Sejong period; plus all six sons died early, and after Zhangzong's death, his fainting uncle ascended the throne, and the Jin Kingdom was even weaker! In the later period, although there was the vigorous efforts of Emperor Aizong, the Mongols had risen, and the demise of the Jin Dynasty was beyond human salvation.
The above is only a family's words, if there is an error, I hope you will point out in time, the copyright is still owned by the sun and the moon millennium, please indicate the source when reprinting!
References to the History of Jin. Volume XII. The Twelfth Book of the Book