Jin Zhangzong finished Yan Jing
On January 20, 1189 (the first year of Jin Mingchang, the eighteenth year of the Southern Song Dynasty), a young emperor succeeded to the throne in front of the coffin of the old emperor and began his 19-year career as emperor, who was the sixth emperor of the Jin Dynasty, Jin Zhangzong. After the young Jin Zhangzong succeeded to the throne, he took over a powerful country, and in Jin Zhangzong's concept, he wanted to push the country's strength to a higher level, and formulated a series of plans.
However, soon a border letter from the northwest region disrupted his plans, and it turned out that the tribes in the northern steppe began to invade the border area, causing great damage to the people in the border area. What Jin Zhangzong did not know was that in the year of his succession, also in 1189, Temujin on the steppe became the khan of the Mongol tribes and began his war to unify the steppe. Looking at this side report, Jin Zhangzong couldn't help but think of the enmity and resentment with the northern steppe tribes since the founding of the Jurchen Dynasty.
Since 1115, after Jin Taizu completed the establishment of the state and became emperor, especially the Jin Dynasty's Liao forces began to enter the grassland, and there were inevitably many conflicts with the tribes on the grassland. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Jin, the leader of the steppe Mughal tribes, Hebul Khan, met with him, and as a result, a conflict broke out, and Hebul Khan killed the Jin envoy. So Jin Taizong sent a man named Hu Shahu (the same name) to fight, only to be lured deep by the steppe tribe and defeated. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of Jin, he sent the famous general Guanyan Zongbi (Jin Wushu) to attack the Mongols, but the result was that the war was never successful for many years, and finally Jin Wushu signed a contract with Hebul Khan, the Jin state withdrew its troops, and the forces left from the steppe.
After Hebul Khan, the newly succeeded Baba Boy Khan was betrayed by the Tatars and brought to Jin Xizong, who crucified the Baba Boy Khan on a wooden donkey in revenge for killing the messenger and using soldiers for many years. Not only that, from time to time, the Jin Kingdom also co-opted some tribes to fight with other steppe tribes, making the blood feud between the two sides grow larger and more endless.
Territory of the Golden Kingdom
After so many years, the Mongolian steppe has begun to stir again. At this time, the elder disciple Shan Kening told Jin Zhangzong that he wanted to strengthen military training and send troops to recruit. Jin Zhangzong knew this and intended to adopt this suggestion. At this moment, another thing happened, in May of this year, the Yellow River broke its banks, and the terrible flood flooded the Central Plains and displaced the people. Jin Zhangzong had to solve the Yellow River problem first and then take care of Mongolia in the north. During the time of Jin Shizong, the Yellow River had already broken through five times, an average of once every four years, and Jin Zhangzong had to take care of it, so he had to send river officials to control the Yellow River first, and by 1192, the Yellow River was basically governed, and Jin Zhangzong finally freed his hands to clean up the grassland tribes.
The first was the construction of those ruined fortifications, and during the Jin Xizong period, after the Golden Wushu signed a contract with the steppe tribes, they began to build fortifications similar to the Great Wall, called the Wushu Great Wall or the Golden Trench. However, due to the harsh natural environment of the grassland, these fortifications were gradually lost in the yellow sand. Jin Zhangzong first repaired this part of the fortifications, and then used this as a base for the future advance of the army. Jin Zhangzong's construction of boundary trenches was to make up for the declining combat effectiveness of the Jinguo army, and it did not have a big effect on the entire defensive war.
The border situation during the Jin Zhangzong period
In the sixth year of Jin Mingchang (1195 AD), after several years of preparation, Jin Zhangzong appointed Zuo Cheng Xiang Jia Gu Qingchen as the commander-in-chief, with the headquarters set at LinhuangFu in Shangjing (present-day Balin Left Banner, Inner Mongolia), to direct the northern expedition to Mongolia. At that time, the enemies of the Jin Dynasty were the Tatar department in the northeast region and the Hongjira department in the northwestern border region. This time, the Qingchen of the Valley attacked the Tatar Department, and he first sent troops to reconnoiter, so he took Guanyan Chong and Guanyan Anguo as the left and right vanguards, Andi Lamin led more than 8,000 people as the vanguard, and led more than 10,000 people to follow suit. As a result, the striker went too fast, and Kiyotomi Nicani could not keep up. The forwards fought very smoothly, breaking through the enemy's 14 camps around Hulun Lake, and the Valley Qingchen was still in the area of the Halaha River behind. As a result, when The Meya Kiyoto came to this side, he found that the supplies taken by the forwards had been snatched by a man named Beidong Pubu.
The Northern Barrier PuBu had a relatively good relationship with the Jinguo before, but this time, taking advantage of the fact that the Jinguo army did not arrive to loot the spoils of war, indicating that the relationship between the two sides was also mutually exploitative. The Qingchen of the Valley was particularly upset, so he demanded that the North Barrier Pu Department compensate for the losses. The North Barrier PuBu refused, did they all eat it and spit it out? Seeing that the Qingchen of the Valley was aggressive, the Northern Barrier Pubu simply reversed and plundered away. This time, the behavior of the valley Qingchen is to say that he wants to kill the chicken and scare the monkey, otherwise where is the prestige of the Golden State, and the result is played off. This time, the rebellion of the Northern Obstruction Pubu marked the defeat of the Jin State against the grassland tribes, and the Northern Expedition had not yet fought much, and its own people had started infighting first. There was no way, in order to calm the anger of the "allies", Jin Zhangzong had to depose the Qingchen of The Valley, and appointed Yan Xiang instead to continue the Northern Expedition.
Mongol cavalry
In November of the sixth year of Ming Chang (1195 AD), Yan Xiang went to Linhuang Province in Shangjing to replace the Qingchen of Jiagu. Most of the records of Yan Xiang in the History of Jin are almost always in the course of foreign conquests, helping Jin Shizong quell the Khitan rebellion in the north. Emperor Zhangzong of Jin paid great attention to Yan Xiang, and the historical records recorded: "After feasting and comforting, he gave him mink, Anshan, fine armor, and war horses." "It is to personally send Yan Xiang to the conquest." As soon as Yan Xiang arrived, he calmed down and captured the local Khitan rebels, after stabilizing the local situation. Sent servants and Yan Anguo to engage the Hongjirabu, a battle that lasted a year.
Fighting with the steppe tribes is actually a thankless thing, the grassland tribes have no fixed place to live, living by water and grass, unlike the Central Plains, you fight in the past there are fixed cities. People don't, they can fight if they can fight, they can't fight, they have to run all over the world. At that time, prince Jin sent Hu Shahu and Jin Xizong to send Yan Zongbi to conquest, but they were first lured by the grassland tribes to go deeper, and when they were tired of logistics, the people launched an attack. The Jin army fought very hard in this battle, and the previous forward, Qian Razaki and others, were killed in an ambush by the Hongji Rabu. In the end, the Jin army finally defeated the Hongjirabu and won the Battle of Dayanluo.
After the Battle of Dayanluo, Yan Xiang turned his gun and continued to clean up the Tatar department in the northeast border area. As mentioned earlier, Genghis Khan's ancestor, Baba Boy Khan, was betrayed by the Tatars to Kim Hee-jong and crucified on a wooden donkey, and his father was poisoned by the Tatars during a banquet. Therefore, Temujin has a deep hatred with the Tatars, and now seeing that the Jinguo people want to fight the Tatars, in line with the principle that the enemy of the enemy is a friend, he temporarily cooperated with the Jinguo to clean up the Tatars first, and then find the Jinguo people to settle accounts later.
After receiving a request from the Jinguo people to jointly attack the Tatar Ministry, Temujin gladly accepted. So the Jin army attacked several times, and as a result, the Eastern Route Army was surrounded by the Tatars as it advanced. After Yan Xiang personally went to the rescue, at night, the drum was sounded, and the besieged Jin army learned that the reinforcements had arrived, so they attacked back and forth and rushed out of the encirclement. At this time, Temujin also led his army to fight with the Jin army.
In order to ensure a more assured victory, Temujin immediately sent someone to contact the Keliebu and said to the neighbor Lehan of the Tujue, "The Jin Dynasty's Emperor Yan informed me that they had defeated the Tatar tribe, and their leader fled west along the Hun Lizha River. Tatar and I have a generational vendetta, my ancestors Baba Boy Khan and Huiqin Ba'er Hehei were once betrayed by their father and poisoned by them, and I do not share the heavens with them. Now that Tatar has been beaten by the Golden Man, this is the time for God to give me revenge. I hope that my father's army will personally lead the army and help me pinch the enemy to repay the blood debt from the Tatars!"
Because the Tata'er betrayed by The Servant Bahehei is the ancestor of the Lord's Beggar Clan, Temujin informs the Lord's Beggars that they will also participate in this blood revenge war. Living up to Temujin's high hopes, Helikhan quickly formed a large army and marched eastward, and on the third day he met Temujin's army. However, the master beggar had just clashed with temujin's brothers not long ago, so he refused to fight alongside Temujin, and Temujin waited for six days without seeing the main beggar.
Temujin Genghis Khan
Temujin was afraid of missing the fighter, so he had to march east along the Hulan River with his neighbor Lehan, and soon reached the upper reaches of the Huolezha River. This area originally had a border wall built in the early Jin Dynasty, and some fortresses and camps were preserved, of which the pine tree village and the tree village were the two border forts at that time. In order to preserve their strength, the Tatar people took a breather and retreated to the village, ready to build a village to hold on. When Temujin and the large army of the neighbor Lehan arrived, the Tatars were unstable, so the two villages were quickly breached, and the leader of the Tatar tribe, Erzhen, became a ghost under the sword.
Temujin and others plundered and cleaned up the battlefield, and the carts, horses, and grain of the Tatar department were robbed. Temujin cooperated with the Jin Dynasty and united with the Kerebu to win the Battle of the Huleza River, which not only struck at the eastern neighbors and caused the Tatar tribe to collapse from then on, but also gained the reputation of "revenge for his father and ancestors" in the Mongolian ministry, and the steppe tribes respected him even more and regarded him as a steppe hero.
After Yan Xiang received Temujin's triumphant report, he was also overjoyed, and immediately knighted them on behalf of the Jin Kingdom and greatly rewarded them. Temujin was given the title of "Zawu TiUri". It is the Khan of the Khans. Before Yan Xiang left, he said to Temujin and Wang Han, "You have made great achievements, I will report to the emperor, and give you the title of official." ”
However, Yan Xiang did not expect that this young man who was related to himself would become a gravedigger of the Jin Dynasty in the future. This time the great victory of the Tatar Department was completed with the assistance of the second General of the Mongols, and a month after the Withdrawal of the Jin Army, the Tatar Department launched a rebellion again. It was not until 1198 that the Tatars on the border were largely pacified.
Just after Yan Xiang returned to the army, the Khitan people in the northeast region launched a rebellion, claiming that there were more than 100,000 people, which were the remnants of the Khitan northern rebellion in the early days of Jin Shizong, and this time they rebelled again. The Jin dynasty and the opposition were shocked, and the ceremony that was supposed to be sacrificed to the heavens was also canceled, and Yan Xiang told Jin Zhangzong that the sacrifice should not be canceled, and it would soon be pacified, so he led the army to go, and sure enough, the Khitan rebellion was quickly put down.
After this rebellion, the Jin people moved these Khitan people to the vicinity of Zhongdu and formed an army called the Qi Army, that is, the army of other tribes. At the same time, it gave these troops some comfort, so that the troops stationed here temporarily settled down, but also planted a time bomb.
In the second year of Jin Cheng'an (1197 AD), the Hongjira clan coerced other tribes to invade the border areas of the Jin Dynasty again. This time, Jin Zhangzong sent his sons to finish Yan Zonghao into battle. Previously, Yan Xiang had suggested that the Tatar department and the Hongjira department should be used to contain each other and not interfere too much, and Yan Zonghao would not say that it was a big country, and even a tribe could not be cleaned up into a system. In the third year of Cheng'an (1198), Yan Zonghao sent troops to the Northern Expedition.
Restoration of the Golden Army's Iron Floating Tu
After Yan Zonghao's first crusade against Guangji and Hedi xin. Because these two parts are not in line with the Hongjira department, if there is military coercion, they may be able to disintegrate the enemy from within. Soon Guangjira surrendered, and then Guangjira took Yan Zonghao to fight with other tribes such as The Xinbu, and the Jin army won a great victory. So the Jin army continued to advance north, defeating two more tribes at the Jumi River. When the Hushui river was overthrown, the Hedi Xinbu and other tribes could not hold out and had to surrender. So someone suggested that Yan Zonghao go and fight those Di Lie Tubu who refused to submit, zong hao agreed, and continued to march. In the end, more than 300 people were beheaded, many of them threw themselves into the river and died, and a large number of cattle and sheep were captured. When the other tribes saw that the Golden Army was so tenacious, they asked for an annex. This time the Northern Expedition was basically over. After the war, Jin Zhangzong repaired some of the trenches.
Jin Zhangzong's three Northern Expeditions can be said to have swept away several enemies on the frontier of the Jin Dynasty, and the frontier was temporarily peaceful. But Jin Zhangzong overlooked one thing, the collapse of the Hongjira and Tatar tribes cleared the way for the rise of the Mongols. In 1206 Temujin unified the Mongol ministries and became "Genghis Khan". After Temujin unified Mongolia, in order to test the Jin people began to launch a small-scale attack on the Western Xia, the Western Xia asked for help from the Jin State, but at this time the Jin State was already unable to take care of itself.
Schematic diagram of the Northern Expedition of the Southern Song Dynasty
Also in 1206, the Southern Song Dynasty chancellor Han Nongxin launched the Northern Expedition, known in history as the "Kaixi Northern Expedition". Jin Zhangzong mobilized the army defending the Mongols against the Northern Expedition of the Southern Song Dynasty, and could only ask for more blessings for the Western Xia. In the war against the Song Dynasty, many generals were either killed or died of illness, and the aforementioned servants died of illness in the war against the Southern Song Dynasty. Just when the Southern Song Dynasty was gradually gaining superiority in the war against Jin, in 1207 the Southern Song court killed Han Nongxin and asked the Jin State for peace. The two sides signed the Jiading Peace Agreement. The Southern Song Dynasty compensated 3 million yuan for military expenses and sent the heads of Han nongxuals to the Jin Dynasty.
After the signing of the Jiading Peace Agreement, Jin Zhangzong believed that the world was too peaceful and could breathe a sigh of relief. At this time, a minister named Wang Weihan said, "... The Southern Soldiers are weak... His subjects punished Han Nongxu and Su Shidan for not daring to take the blame again, and there was not enough to worry about. Only the north is the ear of the holy worries. It was to remind Jin Zhangzong to pay attention to Mongolia, but at this time, Jin Zhangzong may be too excited to listen to it at all. Soon Jin Zhangzong died of pneumonia infection, and was succeeded by Emperor Wei Shaowang's complete Yan Yongji.
Genghis Khan launched a new Mongjin War
Unlike Jin Zhangzong, the Jin Kingdom that Yan Yongji took over was already a devastated one. The end of the Song War can be said to be a great victory to return to the light, after Yan Yongji succeeded to the throne, the country has not yet recovered from the famine and border troubles, this victorious war is undoubtedly catastrophic for the Jinguo, so that the vitality of the Jinguo has been greatly weakened, and all aspects of society have shown signs of decline. When King Wei Shao also decided to fight a big battle, the crisis came again, and in 1211, Genghis Khan led a Mongol army to attack, and the Mengjin War broke out again.