Rich for no more than three generations. Everyone may have heard of this sentence, but in fact, the full version of this sentence can be more than these few words, the original words are "moral heirloom, more than ten generations, cultivation and reading heirloom second, poetry and book heirloom second, rich and noble heirloom, but three generations."
This sentence actually reveals a meaning: rich is not more than three generations, money is the fastest to spend. It must be admitted that in ancient times, it may not have been a good idea to just let future generations inherit the rich. We don't care if the descendants agree or not, maybe they think it is enough to inherit the rich, and the rest can be learned slowly. But in fact, the ancients wanted the family business to be passed on for a long time, and the cultivation of heirs was particularly important.
The story to be told this time takes place in the Jin Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period. It should be known that the Jin State was one of the most powerful princely states in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it was also the one that dominated for the longest time. The strength is so strong, there is naturally a merit behind the monarch. Without the efforts of those monarchs in the early Jin Dynasty, the Jin State could not have become a superpower. Later, the monarch of the Jin State became more and more powerless, and the Jin State gradually went downhill, and the Qing forces of the Jin State began to become more and more powerful, and their ruling land became like "National China".
By the time of the Duke of Jinping, the Jin state had six secretaries vying for power. A few decades later, there were only four Qing clans left in power: the Zhi, Zhao, Wei, and Han clans. Among them, the Zhi clan and the Zhao clan are relatively strong, and the two families take turns to control the state administration. Coincidentally, the trajectory of both families' fortunes began to change after the establishment of heirs.
The ancestor of the Zhi clan was the Xun clan, and the fief was in Zhiyi (present-day Yongji, Shanxi). It is said that at that time, the Zhi clan had a lot of trouble to choose an heir. At that time, the head of the Zhi clan was Zhi Xuanzi (荀申), who wanted to make his son Xun Yao the heir, when a clan member stood up against it. This person's name was Xun Guo, and he was a very far-sighted person. He said to Zhi Xuanzi, "Please think again, I think Xun Yao is not as good as Xun Xiao." ”
Zhi Xuanzi looked at him and said, "Tell me your reason." "Obey orders!" Xun Yao has five outstanding strengths. First, the appearance is magnificent, and the second is that please listen to me. Although Xun Yao had five major strengths, he had a fatal flaw, that is, he was not benevolent. Although he can subdue others with five strengths, his purpose is to do unkind and unjust evil deeds, so who can live in harmony with him? If Xun Yao is really established as the heir, then our Zhi clan is not far from extinction. ”
Zhi Xuanzi listened to Xun Guo's impassioned words and nodded, although he looked like he understood, but in fact, he did not listen carefully at all. In the end, Zhi Xuanzi still established Xun Yao as his heir. After Xun Guo heard about it, he thought that he couldn't stay as cannon fodder, and you wanted to fight for your life and don't take me with him. Therefore, he took the initiative to request to break away from the Zhi clan and establish another family.
Even when Zhi Xuanzi was choosing an heir, Zhao Jianzi (赵鞅), the head of the Zhao clan, another major Qing clan in the Jin Dynasty, was not idle, and he was also pondering who to appoint as the heir. Who is Zhao Jianzi? His grandfather Zhao Wenzi was the orphan Zhao Wu in "The Orphan of Zhao". At that time, Zhao Jianzi belonged to the real power faction of the Jin State, and because the gong clan forces of the Jin State were already very weak at this time, for Zhao Jianzi, who to choose to inherit his career was a big issue related to the rise and fall of the family.
Among Zhao Jianzi's many sons, two of them were the most concerned by him, the older one was called Beru, and the younger one was called Shirtless. Zhao Jianzi didn't know who to appoint as the heir, so he thought of a way. He wrote down the words of his usual admonition to his sons on two pieces of bamboo, handed them to his sons, and instructed them: "This should be well remembered." After that, Zhao Jianzi did not mention this matter again.
One day three years later, Zhao Jianzi called his two sons to his side and told them that they were going to take the exam. Zhao Jianzi said, "Come on, start reciting." Belu stammered, because he couldn't remember a word of what was written on the bamboo stick, after all, it was three years ago. Zhao Jianzi was very disappointed, so he asked Beru, "What about the bamboo Jane I gave you?" "It turned out that Beru had long since lost it. Then he asked Shirtless, "Shirtless, let's talk about the contents of the bamboo stick!" ”
Without saying a word, he began to memorize: "Reading ten thousand books is not as good as walking thousands of miles, there is no travel fee, reading... Give yourself a smile in the mirror every morning and tell yourself, I can, I can..." Shirtlessly and slowly all came out. Of course, the content on the bamboo jane was made up by me, and Zhao Jianzi could not let his sons recite these things. In short, the content that Zhao Jianzi asked to be recited, and the younger son memorized it without a shirt. Zhao Jianzi was very satisfied, and asked where the shirtless bamboo Jane was, and the shirtless immediately took out the bamboo jane from the sleeve and handed it to Zhao Jianzi. From this, Zhao Jianzi determined the heir.
Zhao Jianzi is a wise man, he must not only choose a virtuous heir, but also find a way to leave a way back for the family. Therefore, he selected a man named Yin Duo and ordered Yin Duo to govern Jinyang, a fief of the Zhao clan. Before leaving, Yin Duo asked Zhao Jianzi: "You asked me to govern Jinyang, do you want me to loot wealth, or do you want me to appease people's hearts?" Zhao Jianzi said: "Of course, it is to leave a way back for the family." ”
Yin Duo went to Jinyang and used the method of undercounting the number of households to reduce local taxes and win people's hearts. Later, Zhao Jianzi told Wu Zi about this back road, and this matter was recorded in the "Zizhi Tongjian": "The Jin state is difficult, and there is no Yin Duo as the less, no Jinyang as far away, and it will be thought that it will return." What does this passage mean? Zhao Jianzi said to his son, "If you encounter danger in the Jin Kingdom, don't abandon Yin Duo's youth, and don't dislike Jinyang's long road, you must run there." In this way, among the four Qing clans of the Jin Dynasty, two powerful family lords had chosen their own heirs.
After Zhi Xuanzi's death, The heir of the Zhi clan, Xun Yao, began to rule in the Jin Dynasty, known in history as Zhi Bo Yao, also known as Zhi Yao and Zhi Xiangzi. However, at that time, the nominal ruler of the Jin state was still the monarch of the Jin Dynasty. Here I want to explain that this "out" word is the posthumous title of the monarch after his death, and people use this word to evaluate the life of the monarch. Like Wen, Wu, Ming, Rui, Kang, Jing, Xuan, these nicknames are all beautiful words, that is, good words. For example, the Duke of Jinwu and the Duke of Jinwen, when you hear this, you know that he is a monarch with achievements. The courtesy name of this generation of jin monarchs was "chu", because he finally went into exile in the chu state and died in a foreign land.
We continue to talk about the four secretaries of the Jin Dynasty. The strength of the Zhi clan is strong, and Zhi Boyao is relatively strong, even in the face of the other three Qing clan masters, Zhi Boyao does not think much of them. One day, Zhi Boyao had dinner with his doctors Han Kangzi (Han Hu) and Wei Huanzi (Wei Ju). Halfway through eating, Zhi Boyao began to look for ballast, teasing this for a while, and insulting that for a while. Zhi Boyao was very satisfied with his performance, and he wanted to be a "poisonous tongue" to be happy.
Without thinking about it, I knew that this meal Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi were definitely not happy to eat. Later, when Zhi's courtiers heard about this, they came to advise Zhi Boyao, and this passage was also recorded in the Zizhi Tongjian: "The Lord does not take refuge, but the difficulties will come to an end." This means that if Zhi Boyao does not guard against disasters, disasters will really come.
As a result, Zhi Boyao almost laughed out loud and said disapprovingly, "Now the life and death disasters of the Jin people are up to me." I didn't give them disasters, they should be grateful to Dade, and anyone dares to make waves? ”
The courtier continued to advise, "It is not right for you to say that. The history books say that if a person repeatedly makes mistakes, the hatred he has formed will not be put on the surface, and he should try to guard against it when the hatred is not really expressed. All virtuous people can handle small things carefully, so they will not cause great disasters. Now that you've had a banquet and you've offended two people, how can you not be defensive? Even mosquitoes, ants, bees, and scorpions can harm people, let alone those who are noble? After listening to these words, Zhi Boyao not only did not care at all, did not listen to advice, but also had to make progress. He had just offended Han Kangzi, and even in the name of the monarch, he opened his mouth to ask Han Kangzi for territory.
History is created by people, and all the stories that have happened from ancient times to the present are the stories of people and people. People are wonderful, sometimes they can be fickle, sometimes they can be immutable. Although human beings use technology to make life better, the way people get along with each other has not changed much, and we may have changed into different costumes, but our behavior patterns are indeed not fundamentally different from the behavior patterns of the ancients.
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