Harmony is a special relationship established by the king with the enemy in order to maintain state power. Most of the cases we are familiar with are concentrated in the Han Dynasty. But in fact, this kind of behavior was established as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It is recorded in the "Left Biography":
"The Zhonghang clan resented the Qin clan at the Battle of Qin, and Gu was friendly with the Fan clan."
Through this strategy of peace and affinity, the two opposing parties can get a short rest. From a political point of view, harmony is a policy that is very conducive to the centralization of state power. Among the countless cases of harmony and pro-family, the most far-reaching singing, the most full image in terms of art, is also the Zhaojun out of the Han Dynasty. Today, we will go out of the Zhaojun to see how the century-old game between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu forces was pulled down.
First, the background of the era in which Zhaojun went out of the plug was based on a hundred years of peace and affinity
The background of Zhaojun's departure is the century-long hostile relationship between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, which will come to an end. In fact, the war between the Han Dynasty and the Northern Xiongnu has begun since the time of Han Gaozu. At that time, Han Gaozu wanted to kill Han Wangxin, and Han Wangxin surrendered to the Xiongnu leader at that time, Mo Dun Shan Yu. In the end, Han Gaozu successfully killed Han Wangxin, and this history was recorded in the "Biography of Han Xin Lu Qilie":
"The believer of the King of Han, the grandson of the King of Han Xiang... In the winter of the seventh year, the self-attack, the broken letter army copper whip... Faith in the Death of the Huns... In the spring of the eleventh year, the han king Xinfu and Hu rode into jusanhe, away from Han. Han made General Chai strike at it... The Chai general Tu Shanhe beheaded Han Wang Xin. ”
But it omits the historical information that Han Gaozu was trapped by the Xiongnu.
In fact, before Han Gaozu killed Han Wangxin, he had already fallen into the trap of the Xiongnu and was trapped in danger. In the end, it was only by taking out a large amount of "ransom" that he exchanged the safety of Han Gaozu and others. In the end, in order to balance the power of Mao Dun Shan Yu, Han Gaozu had the first peace of the Han Dynasty. The Chronicle of History records:
"Gao Zu took the family son as the eldest princess, and his wife was Shan Yu. Make Liu Jing to the knot and make a pro-appointment. ”
From the following hundreds of years, from Emperor Wen of Han to Emperor Jing of Han to the period of Emperor Wu of Han, the relationship between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu has always relied on peace and relatives to maintain.
By the middle of the Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty ushered in its strongest period. Huo and Wei Qing fought against the Xiongnu successively and won successive victories, so that the Xiongnu did not dare to attack the Han Dynasty. From this period onwards, it was the beginning of a substantial change in the relationship between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu. This relationship lasted until the time of the Han Yuan Emperor, which was already the end of the Western Han Dynasty. But in terms of strength, it can still overshadow the Huns. Especially within the Xiongnu at that time, there was a phenomenon of continuous war, which led to a great reduction in strength. This history is recorded in the Book of Han:
"The kings (of the Huns) stood on their own, divided into five singles, and attacked each other, and the dead were in the tens of thousands, and the livestock was greatly consumed, and the people were hungry, and burned each other for food, because of great misconduct."
The Xiongnu forces, dominated by Zhi Zhidan Yu, defeated Huhan Evil Shan Yu, and in order to survive, Hu Han Evil Shan Yu made peace with the Han Dynasty and promised never to attack. Soon after, in the Biography of the Huns, it is recorded:
"In 36 years, Zhi Zhi was cursed. Zhi Zhi was both cursed, and called out to Han evil and was happy and afraid."
Hu Han was afraid that the Han Dynasty would attack him, so he took the initiative to show his kindness to the Han Dynasty, and came to the Han Dynasty three times before and after, hoping to be able to marry the Han Dynasty and the Qin and Jin Dynasties, which was the background of the era when Zhaojun was out of the plug.
Second, the process of Zhaojun's departure was jointly satisfied by the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu
When Hu Han came to the Han Dynasty for the third time, he put forward the idea of hoping to make peace with the Han Dynasty, with the aim of making the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu stop their hostile relations and seek common peaceful development. In the Yuan Emperor's Chronicle, it is recorded:
"In the spring of the first year of The Ning Dynasty, the Xiongnu called Han Yedan to come to the dynasty. The edict reads: "The Xiongnu Zhi Zhidan betrayed the etiquette and righteousness, and both bowed down to him, huhan Yedan did not forget ende, the township Mu Liyi, restored the ceremony of the pilgrimage, and wished that the baosai would be passed on infinitely, and the border chieftain who did not have a military revolution changed his yuan to Jingning, and gave Shan Yu the title of King of the Zhao ye court as the Fu clan." '
Fu shi is the meaning of the wife of the Xiongnu, and the wang fan in it is Wang Zhaojun.
The reason why Emperor Yuan of Han agreed to Zhaojun's departure was not that he really hoped to get peace, but that the Han Dynasty at that time was only bright and beautiful on the surface, but in fact, the internal regime was also the same turmoil. Therefore, the request of the Han evil Shan Yu was conducive to the development of the two countries, and the Han Yuan Emperor agreed to this decision. And in the beginning and end of Zhaojun's whole affair, what kind of image did Wang Zhaojun appear? According to historical theory, Wang Zhaojun was given by Emperor Yuan of Han as a princess of The Hu han Dynasty. However, in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, a different discourse appears. Book of the Later Han Dynasty. The Biography of the Southern Xiongnu records that:
"Shōgun Zi Hui, Nan gun people also." At the beginning, during the reign of Emperor Yuan, Yi Liang's family was elected to the court. When the Evil Emperor of Han came to the dynasty, the Emperor gave it to five palace women. Zhaojun Rengong was several years old, and he was not allowed to see the emperor, and he accumulated sorrows and grievances, but asked the court to order him to do it. ”
The three words of "accumulating sorrow and resentment" explain the real reason why Wang Zhaojun was out of the jam. Where are the women willing to marry the Huns? It's just that since Wang Zhaojun entered the palace as a palace maid, he hadn't seen the emperor for many years. Filled with depression, he asked himself to go on an envoy to the Huns. Its original intention, perhaps not for the peace of the two countries, perhaps loneliness, is the main reason why she made such an act. It is true that Emperor Yuan of Han had a heart and affection, but he did not expect Wang Zhaojun to have a peerless appearance, so in the process of peace, another episode appeared. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty records:
"Zhaojun Feng Rong Liang, Guangming Han Palace, Gu Jing Pei Hui, spicy left and right." The emperor was horrified and intended to stay, but it was difficult to lose faith, so he fought with the Xiongnu. ”
Therefore, it was obvious that before this, Emperor Yuan of Han had never seen Wang Zhaojun. Therefore, when he saw Wang Zhaojun's "rich and beautiful ornaments", he was already remorseful. It was only because of the credibility of the Han Dynasty that Wang Zhaojun had to be given to the Xiongnu as a princess of peace.
The reason why Wang Zhaojun was "several years old and not allowed to see the emperor" in the palace was because of a court painter named Mao Yanshou. The Book of Han records:
"Former Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, there were many harems and should not be common. It is to make the painter draw its shape, and summon it according to the picture. All the people in the palaces are bribed painters, the most are 100,000, and the less are not reduced by 50,000. But the king refused, so he could not be summoned. ”
It turned out that in the Han Dynasty at that time, due to the large number of women entering the palace, it was impossible for them to be selected by the Han Yuan Emperor. Therefore, the portrait of the court painter is used as a basis. Mao Yanshou threatened him with a portrait, and the palace maid gave him money, but Wang Zhaojun refused, so he was always buried in the court. It was not until Zhaojun was out of the jam that Emperor Yuan of Han discovered Wang Zhaojun's beauty. Although it is a pity, it is undeniable that zhaojun's departure from the plug has indeed achieved the peaceful coexistence of the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu for decades to a large extent, and has been vigorously developed.
Third, the positive impact and significance of Zhaojun's outage
After the zhaojun went out, the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu maintained for 60 years, without any war, and formed a neighboring relationship with water. From the beginning of Wang Zhaojun's departure, the game between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu completely closed the curtain. Not only has the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, but also in the mountain of cultural dissemination, Zhaojun has also made its own strong and colorful stroke. Wang Zhaojun traveled to the Saiwai (present-day Inner Mongolia) region and passed on Han culture, such as textiles and farming techniques, to the Xiongnu people. Due to the difference in writing, Wang Zhaojun lived together with the Xiongnu people, and also achieved partial communion between Chinese character culture and Xiongnu culture.
Wang Zhaojun also maintained correspondence with the Han Dynasty for decades outside saiwai, and Emperor Yuan of Han made Wang Zhaojun's relatives a high official. Every year, he would come to Saiwai to see Wang Zhaojun, and in addition to confiding in his thoughts, it was also an opportunity to report on the changes in the Xiongnu regime. From the Han Yuan Emperor to the Han Cheng Emperor, and then to the later Wang Mang usurpation, the relationship between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu has always been very friendly. There was even a scene on the northern border where "the border city was closed, the cow and ma buye, the police without barking in the third dynasty, and the battle of Li Shu without gange", which was inseparable from Wang Zhaojun's efforts. Archaeologists have found tiles engraved with "Shan Yu he kin, long live a thousand autumns, and changle weiyang" in Mongolia thousands of years later, which is the best evidence that Wang Zhaojun was deeply loved by the Xiongnu people.
summary:
Zhaojun's departure from the blockade did greatly promote the peace and prosperity of the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu. From the perspective of national righteousness, Wang Zhaojun is a well-deserved hero. But from a woman's point of view, her life is also full of tragedies. The unique marriage system of the Huns, called the "succession marriage system", is that the father dies, and the father's wife wants to marry the son, which is ordered by this. Hu Han died of illness after three years with Wang Zhaojun. And Wang Zhaojun had to face the tragic fate of marrying his son, such a unethical behavior, which made Wang Zhaojun deeply confused.
He sent a letter to Emperor Cheng of Han, hoping to return to his homeland. The Biography of the Xiongnu in the Book of Han records:
In the second year of the founding (31 BC), Hu Han Evil Dan died, Zhaojun wrote to the Han court to ask for return, and The Han Cheng Emperor decreed "from Hu Customs", according to the nomadic inheritance system, remarried Hu Han Evil Dan in the eldest son Fu Zhu Shan Yu, the two lived together for eleven years, and had two daughters. ”
Wang Zhaojun's wishes were rejected by Emperor Hancheng's cold three words. Wang Zhaojun used the happiness of her life to finally exchange the Decades of peace between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, and history will firmly remember her exploits. During Wang Mang's reign, the Book of Han records:
"Order the daughter of King Zhaojun to be a servant of the Second Cloud."
Although Wang Zhaojun's bones were buried forever outside Saiwai, in a sense, she still returned to the earth, which can also be regarded as the final compensation for this poor woman.