Without further ado, go straight to the big plate of dry goods. Presumably, all history lovers are already familiar with Wolong Zhuge Liang. The battles of defeating Cao Cao, capturing Hanzhong, capturing Meng, borrowing arrows from grass boats, burning Chibi, and so on are well known and widely circulated. But what Xiaobian wants to talk about for you today is not these things that you don't want to hear, but a strategist who can compete with Liu Bowen, Zuo Jigao, and Zeng Guofan. In the context of the era when the central plains were severely stricken and the social class contradictions were extremely acute, he put forward the slogan of "equalizing the fields and exempting them from endowments", which made the vast number of muscled and cold di silk peasants surging with blood, and for the sake of their own rice bowls and white and fragrant steamed buns, the peasants finally decided to do things, so they set off a magnificent uprising movement, so that Li Chuangwang's troops developed to millions of people, becoming the main force in the peasant rebellion army at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and also making Li Zicheng the leader in this battle against the oppression of the people's living regime.
First of all, Xiaobian wants to emphasize to everyone that chivalry violates the prohibition by force, which means that although a person's motives are so correct, as long as he makes a mistake, he must be punished as he deserves. Perhaps this point makes the officials feel particularly twisted, but it is indeed an important basis for today's legal trials.
Xiaobian first talked to everyone about Li Zicheng, who once sold straw shoes, and Zhu Yuanzhang, who was a monk, was a self-made man, why did Liu and Zhu set up a career and leave the throne to their children and grandchildren, but Li was eventually defeated at Jiugong Mountain and beaten alive by the villagers? There is definitely a hidden factor behind any event, and it is not as simple and simple as it seems on the surface. Liu Bang's age is too long, and the affairs of the Han Dynasty are not comparable. Here only the founding ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, Lao Zhu, and Li Zicheng are compared, and it is felt that the gap between Li Zicheng (defeated) and Zhu Zhongba (success) is mainly as follows: 1. For their own reasons, the peasants are short-sighted, have no royal skills, and some only drink and draw fists, sing good brothers, and then pull a table and chair and worship a brother. It is obviously not advisable to want to tie down subordinates with strong emotions as a link. 2. Whether there is sufficient preparation and program to achieve the cause of the future. Li Zicheng, how to say it, there is a lot of controversy, this person has always appeared on the political stage of the late Ming Dynasty with a posture of a hungry leader, it cannot be said that he appeared in ink, but this posture is also not very honorable. The foundation of survival and growth is the recognition and support of the broad masses of the people, and he also knows how to launch the power of the masses of the people. It is precisely this that determines the future outcome. He also had several ups and downs, fought a defeat and fled the wilderness, and also fought a victorious battle all the way to the scenery, until 1639, when Li Zicheng re-emerged from Shangluoshan, there were only a few thousand people and horses, and he was not valued by other forces at all, and it took only five years to enter Beijing and destroy the Ming Dynasty in 1644, we could finish college in 5 years, some people could save 100,000 yuan in five years, but people established a new regime. During his glorious period of temporary success, he had a lot to do with the tianshi (continuous disasters and chaos in the imperial court), geographical advantages (according to Heluo and Zhantongguan, which can be attacked and retreated, and can be defended if they cannot be fought), and renhe (who put forward the correct policy of "equalizing the fields and exempting them from endowment", supported by the people, and most of them proposed by Li Yan). And his later failure, although everyone in the current historiography has their own opinions, but the editor always believes that he made a fatal mistake, that is, he killed a person. This person has the talent of Gu Liang, if he is not killed by Li Zicheng, if Li Zicheng can listen to his advice again, then the Dashun regime can be guaranteed, and he does not have to run around, then the Qing soldiers cannot enter Shanhaiguan, and the Qing Dynasty will retreat in the floating pen and ink of this crowd. So who is this mysterious player? Look down at the officials.
Li Yan (?) –1644), year of birth unknown. Li Xin, who used the name Li Xin, was born in Qinglonggang (now Huangtugang, Kaifengqi County), Kaifeng Province, Henan, and was born with a vision. Originally for the Ming Dynasty Heavenly Revelation Ding Di Nian lifted people, a good lift of people improper, for the sake of the vigorous ambition in their hearts and far away from their hometown, after defecting to Li Zicheng, and then framed by Niu Venus, Li Yan was wrongfully killed, becoming a major unjust case at that time, but also let posterity sigh. However, this encyclopedia record also has no basis for original materials.
During the Chongzhen years, the Ming Dynasty was exhausted, the national treasury had long been empty, the eunuchs had monopoly power, the harsh administration was promulgated, coupled with the great drought and little rain in the world, the three salaries and levies, the people could not afford to pay, the life was difficult, they were about to eat the soil, it was tolerable, the maturity was intolerable, and they were desperate to take risks and launched uprisings. Later, as the peasant rebel army gradually became huge, there were indeed quite a few people, but it was only a large number of people, and Li Zicheng's peasant rebel army greatly increased in strength and entered Li Yan's field of vision. Li Yan then decided to join Li Zicheng's peasant rebel army and became a small partner with the vast number of peasants, which also determined his life. Therefore, life often seems to be a decision, but in the future it affects the person's life, which is also known as the butterfly effect.
After Li Yan joined, he advised Li Zicheng to listen more to the books of the sages, such as honoring the sages and rites, eliminating the mobs and compassionate people, pretending to be benevolent and righteous, forbidding soldiers to commit adultery and killing, and so on, so as to win people's hearts and minds in order to achieve great things. In short, just obediently obey, don't make trouble. In particular, it is worth mentioning that Li Yan knows how to use the technique of public opinion propaganda, which is similar to the way Goebbels packaged Hitler during World War II. He sent people disguised as ordinary people and merchants to secretly infiltrate the city and spread rumors in folk places: "Break into the teacher of the king's benevolence and righteousness, do not kill or plunder", and also compile nursery rhymes that are easy to spread, which greatly strengthens the intensity of dissemination, allowing children to sing everywhere: "Open the gate to welcome the king, when the king comes, we will not pay grain", "Open the door early to worship the king, discipline everyone to rejoice." (If you were, you wouldn't sing.) Haha) This passage is recorded in high school history textbooks. Thus, hundreds of thousands of starving people in Henan are like a great drought and hope for Ganlin, "but I am afraid that I will not succeed in my own way (I am afraid that Li Zicheng will not come)" and "tens of thousands of people who are willing to follow Li Zicheng". It can be seen how thorough Li Yan's publicity is, and it is no less than some marketing experts who claim to be world-class now. Li Zicheng has since walked out of the trough of Shangluo Mountain, and showed a fantastic turning point in front of him, which made him smile happily. It can be said that after thirteen years of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng became the glory of the peasant rebel army, and Li Yan was indispensable.
However, with the overwhelming strength of the peasant rebel army, the discipline of the peasant army itself was not perfect, coupled with the indulgence of the army managers, without the need for a small editor, everyone could fully think of what those soldiers had done. The most unfortunate thing is that after entering Beijing, Li Zicheng avoided Li Yan's advice, which is also normal, no one is immutable, but Li Yan is still the same Li Yan he once was. King Chuang used to be humble and good at listening to the opinions of others, and also accepted criticisms that did not meet his own wishes, and the brothers and sons no longer drank together, and the friendship of the past dissipated little by little. Just when Niu Jinxing, Liu Zongmin and others were dreaming of the illusion of victory in Sumire, thinking that the door to success could be reached in time, Li Yan once told Li Zicheng four major issues, put forward different opinions, and did not choose Mingzhe to protect himself from the world (some people say that this is very stupid, very undeserved, but Xiaobian feels that this is a very high realm problem), among which there are two important suggestions of serious military discipline and appeasing Wu Sangui's father and son, which were influenced by the inheritance system of the eldest son in ancient times, and the head of the family usually regarded his son as particularly important. So everyone put themselves in the shoes of Wu Sangui and think about it, killing Wu Sangui's son, can Wu Sangui not rebel? Whoever is replaced, everyone will be angry. This was originally a good medicine and a sobering agent, but this herb was bitter, what was Li Zicheng's attitude? It was only a perfunctory Li Yan, and did not see the real implementation, which eventually led to this irreparable mistake.
Li Yan's ending is recorded in the Suikou Jiluo, which is a vernacular translation of the regular historical data: after the defeat of Dingzhou, some people say that all of Henan surrendered to the Ming army. At this time, Li Yan asked to personally lead 20,000 elite soldiers to Zhongzhou, so that the nearby counties and counties would not dare to act rashly, even those who dared to riot could be cleaned up as soon as possible. At that time, the king of Chuang did not answer, but privately thought that Li Yan had another plan, and just when the king was suspicious, Niu Venus said to the king of Chuang that he wanted to find an opportunity to get rid of Li Yan and get the approval of the king. The next day, Niu Jinxing summoned Li Yan to the camp to drink in the name of Li Zicheng, and arranged for an ambush to be hidden in the camp, and Li Yan and his brother Li Nian were captured and killed at the same time. The hero is in his twilight years, and his heart is full of excitement. This is inevitably nostalgic.
Alas, alas. Li Yan, a loyal general who was loyal to the world, ended up with a bird hiding with a bow and a rabbit cooking a dead dog, falling into a speck of dust in history. Kill the donkey before grinding, and the life of the legend ends. In the past, the merits are huge but they can retreat from the whole body, and only a few people who have spent the rest of their lives in peace are Fan Li, Zhang Liang, Guo Ziyi, Yao Guangxiao and so on. These people all have one thing in common, that is, the birth plot. What is the birth plot? That is, although he followed the emperor to fight the world, when the world was too peaceful, he was forced to choose to live in seclusion. Therefore, the emperor would remember the old feelings and let these people be disarmed and returned to the field. Does that mean that Li Yan lacks such great wisdom? Of course not, but Li Yan is a reader, with the spirit of jishi who takes the world as his own responsibility, and this belief in taking the world as his own responsibility makes him prefer to die rather than escape. That's why I say that Lee's own life and failure are all due to this person. The more the reason is clearer, dear friends, please show your skills in the comment area. Xiao Bian threw bricks and jade, and looked forward to your high opinion.