1. Prodigy Ganluo
Ganluo was the grandson of Gan Mao, a famous minister of the Qin state during the Warring States period, and a famous young statesman.
Although Ganluo was young, but he was very clever, at a young age, he worshiped under the door of Lü Buwei, the minister of the Qin State, and at the age of twelve, he sent an envoy to the Zhao State, and with his unparalleled wisdom and strategy, the Qin State got more than a dozen cities without effort, and was later rewarded by the Qin King Zheng as a Shangqing. Although Ganluo was young, his eloquence and wisdom were not inferior to those of others.
Second, say Zhang Xiangyan
When Ganluo was twelve years old, he served Lü Buwei, the chancellor of the Qin state, and took the position of a young son
。 At that time, Lü Buwei, the Marquis of Wenxin, who was in charge of the government, wanted to attack the State of Zhao to expand his fiefdom between the rivers, so he sent Cai Ze, the king of Gangcheng, to the State of Yan to persuade the King of Yan that he could
"Send the prince as a hostage to Qin, and qin's ministers alone, thinking that they are Yan Xiang."
You send the prince to the State of Qin as a hostage, and the State of Qin sends a minister to be the Minister of the State of Yan, so that the relationship between Yan and Qin is as strong as glue and can jointly fight against the State of Zhao.
Three years later, the monarch of the State of Yan sent Crown Prince Dan to the State of Qin as a hostage, and the State of Qin prepared to send Zhang Tang to the State of Yan as minister, intending to unite with the State of Yan to attack the State of Zhao. Zhang Tang said to Lü Buwei, "I once attacked the Zhao Kingdom for King Zhao, and the Zhao Kingdom resented me and threatened to reward me with a hundred miles of land if he could catch me. This time to go to the Yan Kingdom to serve as the minister of Zhao Guo, I can't go. ”
For Zhang Tang's refusal, Lü Buwei was very disappointed, and there was no way to force him to go. Back at the palace, Lü Buwei was sullen and unhappy, and Ganluo asked, "Why is the prince so unhappy?" Lü Buwei thought he was a child and didn't understand anything, so he didn't want to mention it to him.
But Ganluo did not give up, saying:
"The corporal of yours is said to be able to share the worries and troubles of the king, and the king has things without his subjects hearing, although he wants to be loyal to the landless!"
The implication is that you don't tell me what happened, and I don't have a chance to be loyal to you. Lü Buwei told Ganluo what he was upset about, and Ganluo petitioned to persuade Zhang Tang, and was reprimanded by Lü Buwei: "Even I can't let him go, so how can you let him go?" Ganluo said to Lü Buwei, "Xiang Qi became Confucius's teacher when he was seven years old, and I am already twelve years old this year, so why should you let me try it, so why bother to reprimand me?" Lü Buwei didn't have any other way at the moment, so he believed Ganluo and let him try.
When Ganluo saw Zhang Tang, he asked him a question: "Who is the greater credit for you and Bai Qi?" Zhang Tang said: "Bai Qi defeated the powerful Chu state in the south, and in the north, Shi Wei shocked the Yan state and the Zhao state, and he could win the battle, attack and break, and seize the city, countless of them, I naturally can't compare with him." Then Ganluo asked, "When Ying Hou Fan Sui was serving as chancellor in the Qin State, who had more power than the current Marquis Wenxin?" Zhang Tang said: "Ying Hou is not as powerful as Hou Wenxin. At this time, Ganluo seized the opportunity and said to Zhang Tang: "Ying Hou planned to attack the Zhao state, and Bai Qi deliberately embarrassed her, and as a result, Bai Qi died in Duyou just after leaving Xianyang Seven Miles." Now that Wen Xinhou has asked you to go to the Yan Kingdom to serve as your minister, you will not accept it, I don't know where you will die in the future. So Zhang Tang was terrified, so he listened to Ganluo's advice, straightened up his clothes, and prepared to go on the road.
3. Envoy to the State of Zhao
The period of Zhang Tang's visit to Yan had already been determined, at which time Ganluo said to Lü Buwei: "Please borrow me five carriages, and I will greet Zhao Guo for Zhang Tang to go to the Yan Kingdom." Lü Buwei informed the King of Qin of Ganluo's request, saying:"
GanMao had a grandson named Ganluo, although he was young, but the descendants of the famous Mendi, the princes had heard about it.
A few days ago, Zhang Tang said that he was ill and did not want to go to the Yan Kingdom, but it was Ganluo who persuaded him to go resolutely. Now Ganluo was willing to go to Zhao Guo first to inform Zhang Tang about the matter, and asked him to go. So the King of Qin summoned Ganluo, saw that Ganluo was young, his eyebrows were clear, and he was overjoyed, and asked him what he planned to say after he arrived in the Zhao Kingdom, and Ganluozhi said: "Observe the face of King Zhao, seize the opportunity to speak again, just like the waves on the sea drift with the wind, how I say to King Zhao is also random." The King of Qin then agreed to Ganluo's envoy Zhao.
After Ganluo arrived at the Zhao Kingdom, he said to King Xiang of Zhao, "Has the Great King heard about Prince Dan of Yan coming to the Qin Kingdom as a hostage?" King Xiang of Zhao said, "I have heard something." Then Ganluo said, "Did you hear that Zhang Tang is going to serve as the minister of yan?" King Xiang of Zhao said, "I heard about it."
Ganluo analyzed to King Xiang of Zhao:
"The fact that the State of Yan gave Prince Dan of the State of Qin as a hostage shows that the State of Yan does not deceive the State of Qin, and that the State of Qin has let Zhang Tang go to the State of Yan as minister, indicating that the State of Qin does not deceive the State of Yan, and that the two countries of Qin and Yan do not deceive each other, obviously they want to attack the State of Zhao, and the State of Zhao is not dangerous? The great king might as well send me five cities to expand the territory of the Qin state between the rivers, and I asked the king of Qin to send back prince Dan of Yan, and then help the powerful Zhao state to attack the weak Yan state. ”
King Zhao was persuaded by Ganluo to immediately set aside five cities for the Qin state to expand the territory between the rivers, and Ganluo returned to the Qin state to report the situation to the king of Qin, and the Qin state sent back the Prince of Yan, without letting Zhang Tang send Yan.
When Zhao Guo heard that Zhang Tang had not gone to Yan, he attacked the Yan state without fear, and as a result, he obtained thirty cities in Shanggu and let the Qin state occupy eleven of them.
In this way, king Zhao thought that he had obtained more than a dozen cities, but in this transaction, the State of Zhao was the party that sent troops, and the State of Qin did not use one soldier and one pawn to get five cities of the State of Zhao, and also got eleven cities of the State of Yan, a total of sixteen cities.
The King of Qin rewarded Ganluo as Shangqing, and gave Ganmao's original field house to Ganluo, and Ganluo became the smallest minister in history.
IV. Historical Evaluation and the Death of Ganluo
Ganluo was only twelve years old, and he was able to persuade Zhang Tang, who could not even be persuaded by Lü Buwei, to go to the Yan state; he could also keenly take advantage of the contradictions between the countries and effortlessly let the Qin state get more than a dozen cities.
From his persuasion of Lü Buwei, to Zhang Tang, to King Zhao, to the wisdom of Ganluo.
Sima Qian described in the "Records of History": "Ganluo was young, and he performed a miracle and claimed to be a hereafter. Although he is not a gentleman of the faithful, he is also a strategist of the Warring States. ”
Sima Qian's comment is also very fair, although he said that Ganluo was not a gentleman of good character, but he also affirmed that Ganluo was a veritable strategist in the Warring States period.
About Ganluo's death, it is now also a mystery. There are two statements,
One theory is that the King of Qin killed
Ganluo was playing chess with Niangniang in the harem, and accidentally touched Niangniang's foot while picking up the fallen chess pieces, and was then killed by Qin Shi Huang.
But this also has no basis, only to show that people regret the death of this genius teenager and attribute the cause of death to the tyrannical King of Qin. Moreover, although Qin Shi Huang was cruel, he could not ask for a virtuous talent, and as a young genius, Qin Shi Huang would certainly not kill him because of a small matter.
It is not so much that Qin Shi Huang killed it, but rather that Lü Buwei killed it more reliably.
Lü Buwei believed in Huang Lao's method, advocated the monarch to rule without doing anything, and also attached importance to the educational role of benevolence and morality, and his "Lü Shi Chunqiu" embodied his ideas even more. However, Qin Shi Huang did not advocate benevolence and righteousness, he promoted the idea of the Fa, and abandoned Lü Buwei's thought.
Lü Buwei's ideas were not reused by Qin Shi Huang, and Ganluo was talented and valued by Qin Shi Huang, and Lü Buwei was probably jealous of him as a protégé, and it was not impossible to kill him. But this is only a speculation, no matter how motivated Lü Buwei is, there is not enough historical data to confirm this matter.
There is also a saying recorded in the Chronicle of the States of Dongzhou: Suddenly, on a night, the purple-clothed official of Ganluo Meng came with a heavenly charm and said, "By the command of God, summoned to heaven." "So there was no disease.
This statement is to entrust Ganluo's death to the theory of ghosts and gods, which casts a mysterious color on Ganluo's death, and also reflects that Ganluo is indeed a genius teenager.
However, this statement is more mysterious, not so much a ghost god, it is better to die of illness, after all, the ancient medical level is also relatively low, Ganluo may be a disease death.
For the above speculation, whether it is killed by others or died of illness, there is no basis for research. Exactly how Ganluo died, there is no historical record.
summary
Although the cause and time of Death of Ganluo are not recorded in the historical records, Ganluo, a young politician, is fondly praised by posterity. Perhaps because of his ingenuity that did not match his age, perhaps it was his young age but high position, or perhaps it was his mysterious cause of death, but the image of Ganluo Zhiyong was deeply rooted in people's hearts.
Reference: "History of The Chronicle of Ganmaolie"
Chronicles of the States of Dongzhou