Ten Thousand Years Immortal Cave and Hanging Barrel Ring Ruins
Straight mouth deep belly round bottom tank
Pottery is an important symbol of the Neolithic age. If pottery is unearthed in a prehistoric site, even if it is just a piece of pottery, we can determine that it is a Neolithic site. The only straight-mouth deep-bellied circular bottom pot excavated from the site of the Wannian Immortal Cave is the earliest relatively complete pottery found in China and even East Asia, so the academic community once called it "China's first pottery pot". From its rough and clumsy state, we can receive the earliest wisdom whispers of human beings. It was the first time that the ancestors crossed the hills and sneaked into the caves, and from the long migration, the mysterious seclusion and the deep time bonfire, the molded pottery was the civilization message sent by the original homeland. It is now in the national museum. (Reporter Zhang Yan)
Xingan Shang Dynasty Tomb
Standing deer ear four-legged bronze ware
The standing deer ear four-legged bronze tung is 105 cm high, the caliber of the koshiki is 61.2 cm, and the caliber of the mane is 34.1 cm.
It is divided into a large-mouthed basin-shaped mane in the upper part and a mane in the lower part, and the two parts are integrated into one. The bristle is a steamer, the bristle is filled with water, the food is placed in the koshiki, and the water is boiled under the fire, and the steam heats the food through the grate in the middle.
This four-legged bronze pendant, weighing 78.5 kilograms, is huge and imposing, and is the largest bronze cup seen so far, and is known as the "King of The Dragon". In terms of casting process, in addition to the double deer on the ear, the entire artifact is cast and formed at one time. Four-legged copper urns were rare in the Shang Dynasty. The characteristics of the cast deer on the ears are consistent with the style of the newly dried square ding and the flat foot ding and the cast animal shape of the animal in the Yin Ruins period. It can be inferred that this artifact was cast in the late Shang Dynasty, reflecting the local people's local transformation of the Central Plains bronzes. It is now in the collection of the Jiangxi Provincial Museum. (Reporter Luo Cuilan)
Bronze head of the two-faced god man
The bronze head of the double-sided god is 53 cm high, 14.5 to 22 cm wide, 8.5 cm long on the upper brass and 5.5 cm long on the lower tube.
The artifact is a hollow, flat, double-sided human head with a wide forehead and a narrow jaw, inverted isosceles trapezoidal shape. On both sides there are hollow, convex eyes, the upper tip of the vertical ear, a fat nose, high cheekbones, open mouth and exposed teeth, the corners of the mouth on both sides are upturned, and the lower canine teeth are rolled out like fangs. A corner appears on each side of the head. The whole image appears mysterious and terrifying.
In contrast to the large number of convex bronze god masks unearthed from Sanxingdui in Sichuan, the bronze head of the shinkan god has obvious differences: it is not a mask that can be worn, but a double-sided shape. Many scholars believe that this head is a symbol of royal power. The authority of the Bronze Age king is all-encompassing, and the shape of the heavenly circle represents the divinity that is given by god. The double-sided shape of the head indicates that the horizon has changed from 180 degrees to 360 degrees, breaking through the limitations of human vision, which symbolizes that the heavens have given people divine observation, and nothing in the secular world can escape the eyes of the king, representing "boundless mana". It is now in the collection of the Jiangxi Provincial Museum. (Reporter Luo Cuilan)
Sideways feather jade pendant
The side feather jade pendant is 8.7 cm high, the back ridge is 1.4 cm thick, the three rings are 4.6 cm long, jujube red, shaped by a circular carving, the relief is combined with the carving process, the feather shape, the crown is high, the mouth is beaked, the waist is winged, and the arm is bent and squatting. The amazing thing about this jade is that with the special carving tool, the excess jade behind the feather is pulled out of three interlocking chains of almost the same shape and size, flexible and free, without any gaps. The living chain is not only conducive to hanging, but also small materials are cleverly used as large instruments. This is a Qingtian jade ornament for pendant, which contains the ideas of "feathering Dengxian" and "communicating with the gods", representing the ancient people's view of life and death. It is now in the collection of the Jiangxi Provincial Museum. (Reporter Luo Cuilan)
Two-tailed tiger
The two-tailed tiger is 53.5 cm long, 25.5 cm high and 13 cm wide.
The shape of this artifact is like a tiger figure, but the bottom of the abdomen is not connected, the inside is empty, the mouth is open, and a fang is exposed on the left and right. The tiger's eyes widened in anger, and the tiger stared at it, making a half-rising momentum. A small bird lay on the back of the huge tiger, looking at ease, not frightened or afraid. Tigers do not frighten birds, birds are not afraid of tigers, full of a mysterious beauty.
Many of the artifacts excavated from the Xingan Oceania Shang Tomb have tiger decorations on them, and the style is basically the same, most of which are high-relief tiger patterns or round carved tigers in prominent positions, which constitute the main features of The Shingan bronze culture. Some scholars speculate that the tiger may have been the object of worship of the owner's family or has a certain relationship with its family history and legends, and associated it with the important fang state in the Yangtze River Basin of the Shang Dynasty, the Tiger Fang. Although the combination of tiger and bird has been found in both the north and south (such as the female haoyi excavated from the Yin Ruins in Anyang is also a tiger in the front and a bird in the back), the double-tailed shape of this tiger has never been seen before. This object is believed to be the image of the Tiger Fangguo. It is now in the collection of the Jiangxi Provincial Museum. (Reporter Luo Cuilan)
Nanchang Han Dynasty Marquis Hai Xiahou Tomb
Horseshoe gold
A total of 480 gold artifacts were excavated from the tomb of Marquis Hai, with a total weight of 120 kilograms. This is by far the most concentrated and largest number of gold artifacts unearthed from Han tombs in China, more than the amount of gold unearthed from all other Han tombs combined. Horseshoe gold and lintoe gold are one of the major categories. This batch of gold artifacts is the epitome of the prosperity of the Han Dynasty, and it is also the empirical evidence that the Western Han Dynasty was a "Multi-Jin Dynasty".
Why is the gold object made in the shape of a horseshoe and a toe? According to legend, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw three kinds of auspicious rui when he was offering sacrifices to the heavens, namely the pure white qilin and the golden horse, and gold appeared again in Mount Taishan, so he made the gold into the shape of a horse's hoof and a lin toe, and rewarded it to the meritorious ministers and princes. Liu He's father, Liu Ji(劉髆), was a favorite son of Emperor Wu of Han, so he was rewarded with a lot. Liu Ji naturally passed on these rewards to Liu He. In the end, liu he's family all became commoners, and they could not use things that only the prince could use, in this case, they could only bury it in Liu He's tomb, hoping that he would also live the life of a prince after death, that is, "death is like life". It is now in the Nanchang Han Dynasty Hai xiahouguo ruins museum. (Reporter Zhong Xingwang)
Changyi is from Tian Tongding
Changyi Tian Tongding represents the importance attached to agriculture in the Western Han Dynasty, especially in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the early days of the Western Han Dynasty, it adopted a policy of recuperation and recuperation, advocating the study of Huang Laozhi, the society emphasized commerce over agriculture, and the national grain reserves were insufficient. "Cangxiao is practical and knows the etiquette", Emperor Wen of Han adopted Jia Yi's suggestion and made up his mind to attach importance to agriculture, so he personally went to the field to cultivate, which is "the national field". Up and down, Emperor Wen of Han led all the princes to go down to the field to cultivate, and every spring a ceremony was held. The inscription "Zhitian" is engraved on the bronze ding to show the importance of farming. The Changyi Tian Tongding was an artifact used by Liu Ji, the king of Changyi, and later Liu He brought it to the Marquis of Yuzhanghai. It is precisely because the whole country attaches great importance to agriculture, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, grain reserves were extremely rich, laying a strong material foundation for the prosperity of Han Wu. This ding is now in the Nanchang Han Dynasty Hai xiahouguo ruins museum. (Reporter Zhong Xingwang)
Confucius is like a screen
Confucius statue clothing mirror, is actually a double fold screen, composed of two folds, one of which is painted with Confucius, Yan Hui, Zilu and other 5 disciples of the portrait, the back is a mirror. In the other piece, one side depicts the portraits of two disciples of Confucius, ZengZi and Zi Zhang, and on the back is written in red lacquer the book "Yijing Fu", which describes the function and pattern content of the yijing mirror, and the following also depicts the "Zhong Zi Listening to the Qin Diagram".
The Western Han people talked to friends on the bed, and the screen stood next to the bed. Liu He could "meet" with Confucius and his disciples every day on the bed, always looking in the mirror and wearing a crown. This statue of Confucius is the earliest portrait of Confucius that we have seen at present, and it is also the orthodox and authoritative standard statue of Confucius at that time.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion to adopt Confucianism as a philosophical idea for governing the country. This Confucius statue screen is actually the embodiment of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty's "deposing of hundreds of families and exalting Confucianism alone". It is now in the Nanchang Han Dynasty Hai xiahouguo ruins museum. (Reporter Zhong Xingwang)
Ruins of the Ming and Qing Dynasty Imperial Kiln Factory in Jingdezhen
Blue and white ground cone white dragon phoenix pattern plum bottle
In July 1999, on the southwest side of the ruins of the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory (about 20 meters west of Dongsiling), when digging the foundation, the Ming Yongle porcelain pieces were found, and the Jingdezhen Ceramic Archaeology Institute cleaned up this pile, and the Yongle porcelain pieces excavated from the excavation were blue and white, glazed red, white glaze, black glaze and other varieties, and the fragments of the Ming Yongle blue and white ground cone white dragon phoenix pattern plum bottle were excavated here.
In the past, it was common for sapphire blue to be decorated with red and white patterns, and blue and white were used as the first time for Yongle. The cultural relics have a diameter of 8.5 centimeters and a height of 43.6 centimeters, which is called a unique product, and is the most "broken" of the many porcelain excavated from the site of the Royal Kiln Factory, which is composed of 466 pieces of blue and white porcelain pieces after a year of spelling and restoration. Its outer wall is made of blue and white flowers, combined with white space and cone arch, the abdomen is decorated with blue and white flowers carved with white dragons and white phoenix patterns, the wingspan phoenix pattern stretches beautifully, the bottom is engraved with white sea tide patterns, the overall instrument type is exquisite, the production is difficult, and it has high cultural relics value. It is now in the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Museum. (Reporter Mao Jiangfan)
Vegetarian three-colored duck-shaped incense
The incense of the duck-shaped incense is 25.3 cm high, and the smoke is divided into two sections, the abdomen is hollow, and the sub-mouth is closed. The head, abdomen and tail of the duck are decorated with dark green low-temperature lead glaze, the beak and feet are decorated with yellow lead glaze, the head and ventral side are coated with earth yellow glaze, and the wings and back feathers are filled with peacock green glaze. The duck foot is connected to the hollow square instrument seat, and the bottom of the instrument seat reads "Daming Chenghua Year System". The design of the six small holes evenly distributed on the opening of the abdomen is the most exquisite, it cleverly uses the impossible complete sealing characteristics of the sub-mouth of Jingdezhen high-temperature porcelain, and communicates with the hollow of the duck head through the gap between the six holes and the sub-mouth, thus playing a chimney role.
Ming Chenghua porcelain is more handsome and dignified in shape, and the body is small and thin, mostly small pieces, while large pieces are rare. Doucai character pattern small cup, chicken bowl cup, grape pattern small dish, etc. are all representative works of Chenghua official kiln. This plain three-colored duck-shaped incense is a rare product in the Chenghua official kiln. It is now in the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Museum. (Reporter Mao Jiangfan)
(Cultural relics pictures provided by Jiangxi Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)