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Through "the present in history", the future can be seen from the past, and the future can be changed from the present.
Today is December 23, 2021, and in the Column on December 16, we introduce John Bardeen and Walter Brattain making the first point contact transistor for humans, and today, in 1947, they formally demonstrated the transistor to bell lab supervisors, changing the development of computing in the next fifty years. Looking back at December 23 in the history of technology, what other key events were born on this day?
December 23, 1938: Bob Kahn, inventor of the TCP/IP protocol, is born
Robert Elliot Kahn, often referred to as Bob Kahn, was born on December 23, 1938; an American electrical engineer, along with Vint Cerf, came up with the concepts of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), creating the basic communication protocols at the heart of the Internet. In 2004, Kahn received the Turing Award for his work on TCP/IP along with Vint Cerf.
Source: Wikipedia
Born in New York, Bob Kahn went on to Princeton University after earning his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering from City College of New York in 1960, where he received his master's and doctorates in 1962; at Princeton, he received advice from Bede Liu and completed his doctoral thesis titled "Some Problems in Signal Sampling and Modulation." After graduation, he first worked at Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. worked and then joined the Office of Information Processing Technology within the U.S. Department of Defense's Bureau of International Research Projects (DARPA) in 1972.
In the fall of 1972, Kahn demonstrated the Arpanet network by connecting 20 different computers at the International Congress of Computer Communications, "making people suddenly realize that packet switching was a real watershed event of technology." He then helped develop the TCP/IP protocol for connecting different computer networks; after becoming director of IPTO, he launched the U.S. government's billion-dollar strategic computing program, the largest computer R&D program ever built in the United States. After 13 years at DARPA, he left in 1986 to found the National Research Program Corporation (CNRI) and became Chairman, CEO and President in 2015.
While in charge of the satellite packet network project SATNET, he came up with the idea that would later evolve into a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which was originally created to replace the earlier network protocol NCP used in the ARPANET. TCP plays an important role in forming open architecture networks that allow computers and networks around the world to communicate with each other, ignoring what hardware or software computers on each network use.
Vint Cerf joined his project in the spring of 1973, and together they completed an early version of TCP. Later, the protocol was divided into two separate layers: host-to-host communication would be handled by TCP, while Internet Protocol (IP) would handle Internet communication; the two were often combined as TCP/IP, forming part of the foundation of the modern Internet. In 1992, he co-founded the Internet Society with Vint Cerf to play a leading role in Internet-related standards, education, and policy, and together they pioneered the earliest thorns in the Internet world.
Source: Wikipedia, Baidu Encyclopedia
December 23, 1941: Robert Miner, co-founder of Oracle Corporation, is born
Robert Nimrod Miner was born on December 23, 1941, co-founder of Oracle and producer of Oracle's relational database management system. Back on August 17, we introduced Larry Ellison, the founder of Oracle Corporation; from 1977 to 1992, Robert Meier led the product design and development of Oracle's relational database management system. In December 1992, he left the position and spun off a small, state-of-the-art technical team within Oracle. Until October 1993, he remained a member of Oracle's Board of Directors.
Many people know only the wild and unruly Larry Ellison, not Robert Miner, who writes the code behind his back; Meier is like Apple's Wozniak — probably better than Woz, because Woz only led two or three generations of Apple's products, but Meier has six generations — they created two treasures in the world: the Oracle database and the Apple computer. But their aura has been stripped away by CEOs who are often in the spotlight.
Meier was born in Cicero, Illinois, to an Assyrian family. Both of his parents came from a village called Ada in The West Azerbaijan Province in northwestern Iran and immigrated to the United States in the 1920s. Meier, the eldest of five sons, graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1963 with a degree in mathematics. By 1977, Meier met Larry Ellison at Ampex, where he was Ellison's director.
Shortly thereafter, Robert Meier left Ampex to start a company called Software Development Laboratories with Ed Oates and Bruce Scott, which Larry Ellison joined a few months later. It was at this time that Ed Oates introduced the two men to a paper, the famous "E· F· Codd's Relational Model Database Administration". IBM was slow to see the commercial value of Codd's relational database management system at the time, which gave Meyer and Ellison a chance to beat them in the market.
During Oracle's inception, Robert Meier was the principal engineer, writing much of the Oracle database on his own. As head of engineering, Meier's management style contrasted with Ellison's, which fostered Oracle's hard-selling culture. Meier never encouraged overtime, arguing that it was wrong for people to work late and that employees should spend more time with their families; according to Ellison, Meyer was "loyal to employees before the company."
Meier was diagnosed with pleural mesothelioma, a rare form of lung cancer caused by exposure to asbestos in 1993. On Friday, November 11, 1994, he died at the age of 52. His wife, Mary, was the founder and owner of the Oakville Ranch Vineyard at Napa Winery; his daughter Nicholas Meier was married to writer Robert Mailer Anderson.
December 23, 1943: Butler Lampson, who designed the world's first PC, is born
Born on December 23, 1943, Butler Lampson, an American computer scientist known for his contributions to distributed personal computers (PCs). Lampson studied liberal arts at Harvard University; in 1964, after receiving a bachelor's degree, he entered the Graduate School of the University of California, Berkeley, where he changed to repair engineering, where he received his doctorate in 1967. After staying on as a teacher for 4 years, Lampson entered the electronics industry, working at Xerox's prestigious Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) and DEC, and then joined Microsoft in 1995 as Chief Software Engineer.
In the 1960s, Lampson and others participated in the UC Berkeley's Genie Project; in 1965, several Genie Program members, led by Lampson, developed the Berkeley time-sharing system for Scientific Data Systems' SDS 940 computer. After completing his Ph.D., Lampson remained at the University of California, Berkeley, where he served as an assistant professor of computer science, later becoming an associate professor; during his time as professor, he also served as director of systems development at Berkeley Computer Corporation.
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In 1971, Lampson became a founding member of Xerox Parc (Xerox ParkEr Research Center) and served as chief scientist at the Computer Science Lab; in 1972, his vision of the personal computer was documented in a document titled "Why Alto?" （Why Alto？ ) of ), which records information about the application for the creation of an Alto computer workstation. Born in 1973, Xerox Alto is now considered the world's first true personal computer, with a three-button mouse and full-page monitor, becoming the industry's standard GUI mode of operation. Later, Xerox Parker Research Center continued to create many new technologies such as Ethernet, Windows, Laser Printing, Object-Oriented Programming, etc.
At Xerox Parc, Lampson was also involved in the research of many other revolutionary technologies, such as the design of laser printers, the "sandwich submission protocol", the world's first "WYSIWYG" text format program, Ethernet, the first high-speed local area network (LAN)... He designed several influential programming languages, such as Euclid.
After Bob Taylor, the manager of Xerox Parc, resigned in 1983, Lampson followed him to the Systems Research Center at Digital Devices Corporation (DEC). The 1992 Turing Award was awarded to Lampson, then a senior researcher and chief designer at DEC, in recognition of his contributions to the field of personal computers. Shortly before Taylor retired, Lampson joined Microsoft and has been an architect at Microsoft Research ever since.
December 1989: Guido begins working on Python
The founder of the Python language is Guido van Rossum, who has worked for companies such as Dropbox and Google, and is affectionately called "Uncle Turtle" by domestic programmers. At the time he was working at the Dutch Society for Mathematical and Computer Science Research in Amsterdam, and out of a programming language that didn't meet the real needs, Guido set out to develop his own Christmas project, Design and Implement Python. Python is a widely used interpreted, general-purpose, high-level programming language designed with an emphasis on the simplicity and legibility of code. With the development of artificial intelligence, Python has become one of the most popular programming languages today.
During christmas in 1989, Guido van Rothum decided to develop a new script interpretation programming as an inheritance of the ABC language, replacing system administration using the Unix shell and C language, interacting with the Amoeba operating system and handling exceptions. Python was chosen as the programming name because he was a fan of the BBC drama Monty Python's Flying Circus.
In February 1991, Van Roseum released the original code for Python (version 0.9.0), and Python already had classes with inheritance, exception handling, functions, and core data types list, dict, str, etc. In 1999, Guido van Rothum submitted a funding application to the U.S. Defense Agency for International Research Projects (DARPA) called "Computer Programming for Everybody" and explained his expectations for Python's future prospects:
A simple and intuitive language as powerful as its main competitors
Keep it open source so that anyone can contribute to it
Code as easy to understand as plain English
Suitable for daily tasks for short-term development
Some of these ideas are already a reality. Python is now a popular programming language, and in 2019, Python became the second most popular language on GitHub, after JavaScript. According to the Programming Language Popularity Survey, it has been one of the top ten languages mentioned most in job postings. In addition, according to the TIOBE Programming Community Index, Python has become one of the top ten most popular programming languages every year since 2004, and ranked first in the index in October 2021.
【Welcome to contribute】Taking history as a mirror, you can know the rise and fall. Computer science development so far, there are many crucial events, people, welcome all friends to build together to build "today in history", submission email: [email protected].