Recently, topics related to hemorrhagic fever in many places have rushed to the social media hot search list, causing concern.
What is hemorrhagic fever?
How is haemorrhagic fever spread?
Do I get a blood fever when I eat strawberries?
These problems fermented on the network,
See what disease control experts have to say...
One
What is epidemic haemorrhagic fever
Epidemic hemorrhagic fever, also known internationally as renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever, is a severe acute infectious disease transmitted by mice, caused by hantavirus, and clinically characterized by fever, bleeding and renal damage. The population is generally susceptible, but only a small proportion of people develop the disease after infection. The case fatality rate is about 1%. Humans are not the source of infection, and renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever is generally believed to be not transmitted from person to person.
China is a big country with renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever, and 90% of the world's cases occur in our country. The disease was first detected in China in 1931 and classified as a Class B notifiable infectious disease in 1956. Most areas have varying degrees of onset or epidemic from year to year. According to the different host rat species, the hemorrhagic fever of renal syndrome can be divided into the mouse type (transmitted by haddock rats and so on) and the house mouse type (transmitted by brown rats, etc.), the mouse type is more serious, the peak season of the disease is autumn and winter, the house mouse type is relatively mild, and the incidence is mostly in the spring.
The Beijing area is dominated by house mice, and the number of cases per year in recent years has been less than 10.
【Haddock】
【Brown Rat】
Two
Typical clinical presentation and prognosis
After infection with hantavirus, more than 80% of people will become dominantly ill. Typical cases have five stages of clinical experience, that is, the main manifestations are fever, symptoms of systemic poisoning, capillary damage and kidney damage.
Symptoms of systemic poisoning are manifested as systemic soreness, headache, low back pain and orbital pain, and headache, low back pain and orbital pain are generally referred to as "three pains".
Capillary injury is characterized by hyperemia, bleeding, and signs of exudative edema. Skin congestion is common in the skin of the face, neck and upper chest, known as "three reds".
In most cases, the symptoms are mild, and only mild symptoms such as fever are common, which is easily confused with colds.
There are currently no specifically effective agents for the treatment of hemorrhagic fever in renal syndrome, and most of them are supportive. As long as the patient achieves "three early one": early detection, early rest, early treatment and nearby treatment, most people have a good prognosis.
Three
How renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever is transmitted to people
1. Transmitted to humans by mice with the virus:
(1) Rats bite human skin or rats' urine, feces, and saliva contaminate the mucous membranes of human-damaged skin.
(2) Rats' urine, feces, and saliva contaminate food.
(3) When the rat's urine, feces, and saliva contaminated dust rise, it is inhaled into the human respiratory tract.
2. Mites parasitic on mice or in holes bite people.
3. Vertical transmission between mother and child.
The incubation period is usually 7-14 days, but occasionally as short as 4 days or as long as 2 months.
Four
How to prevent hemorrhagic fever in the general public with renal syndrome
1. Rodent control and rat prevention: renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever is a natural epidemic disease dominated by rodent transmission, and rat control and rat prevention is the successful experience and main measure for preventing and treating hemorrhagic fever in renal syndrome. In rural areas, it is necessary to rely on the strength of village committees, and in cities, it is necessary to closely rely on communities and scientifically and effectively use state-licensed chemical drugs to kill rats.
2, clean environment: do a good job in indoor and outdoor environmental hygiene. Keep the room dry and ventilated, do not put debris and food under the bed; remove accumulated garbage in time; kill mites and mites. Do not provide space for rats to breed, clean the utility room regularly; pay attention to wearing masks and gloves during the cleaning process and disinfect them.
3, do a good job in food hygiene, food disinfection and food preservation, put an end to disease from the mouth; grain, food, etc. should be stored in a tight and seamless container, and covered to prevent rat pollution, do not expose storage; do not eat vegetables, fruits and other foods that have been bitten by rats.
4. Personal hygiene protection must be done in the wild. These include: not directly touching rodents and their excrement with their hands, not sitting on grass or haystacks, and paying attention to protecting the skin during labor to prevent tetanys or mite bites.
5. Vaccination with hemorrhagic fever vaccine. China has developed an inactivated vaccine for bivalent renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever, which is the most cost-effective measure to prevent hemorrhagic fever.
【END】
Contributed by: Sun Yulan, Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Edit: Suki
The image comes from the Internet