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Personal and family
How to prevent epidemic haemorrhagic fever
One
What is epidemic haemorrhagic fever?
Epidemic haemorrhagic fever, also known as renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever, is clinically characterized by fever, bleeding and renal damage, and is a severe acute infectious disease transmitted by mice and caused by hantavirus. Patients are onset of illness, progress rapidly, and can cause death if not treated in time. Early detection, early diagnosis, early rest, and timely treatment can significantly reduce severe illness and death.
Two
Prevalence of hemorrhagic fever is the main one
What are the clinical manifestations?
The incubation period after human infection with hantavirus is usually 7-14 days, the shortest 4 days, and the longest 2 months. Typical clinical manifestations are fever, bleeding, and renal impairment. Patients have acute onset, early chills, fever and other symptoms, general aches, fatigue, and failure; headache, orbital pain, low back pain (three pains) and facial, neck, and upper chest congestion flushing (three reds), showing a drunken appearance; eyelid puffiness, conjunctival congestion, edema, a bit or flaky bleeding; the upper palate mucosa is reticulated, punctate bleeding, and the underarm skin is wired or clustered with bleeding spots.
Three
How many species of rats are carried in China
Hantavirus?
Haddock and brown rats are the main transmission of epidemic haemorrhagic fever, but hantavirus has been detected in almost all mice. Rats carrying hantavirus virus rate is between 0-20%, accidental contact with mice does not necessarily get sick, but anti-rat, rat extermination is the key to disease prevention.
Four
Is Hantavirus resistant?
Hantavirus belongs to the genus orthothetavirus of the hantaviridae family in classification, which is an enveloped RNA virus with low resistance to the external environment, and can inactivate the virus such as heating and commonly used chlorine-containing disinfectants.
Five
Where in China do I have epidemic haemorrhagic fever?
Epidemic haemorrhagic fever is a natural epidemic infectious disease transmitted by rats, and the distribution and toxicity of host animals such as mice determine the distribution range of the disease. Hemorrhagic fever is distributed nationwide in China, and cases have been reported in various provinces, among which Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Jiangxi, Hubei, Anhui and Hunan provinces have a higher incidence. Epidemic haemorrhagic fever has two peaks in the spring (April to June) and autumn and winter (October to January of the following year).
Six
What kind of people are prone to popularity
hemorrhagic fever?
People are generally susceptible to epidemic haemorrhagic fever, but the onset of the disease mainly depends on the living habits of people and the living habits of animals. Human infection is mainly related to contact with virus-carrying rodent excrement in agricultural labor and indoor environmental work. Improving personal protection awareness and doing a good job of personal protection can significantly reduce the incidence of personal protection.
Seven
How do people get epidemic haemorrhagic fever?
There are several ways in which humans can be infected with epidemic haemorrhagic fever:
1
Infection occurs by touching the urine, feces, or rat nest of mice containing the virus, and then touching one's eyes, nose, mouth, etc.
2
Eat contaminated food and become infected.
3
Infection occurs through a rat bite or by a parasite bite such as a murine surface mite.
4
When the urine and feces of mice containing hantavirus form particles float into the air, people can become infected by breathing the aerosol containing hantavirus.
The most dangerous behaviors of infection with epidemic haemorrhagic fever:
It is mainly to remove rat urine, feces and rat nests
Clean up a shed or house that has been abandoned for a long time
Remove field weeds and weeds that once had rat breeding
There are rodent breeding, activities (such as granaries) in the working environment, etc
Therefore, when carrying out these activities, it is necessary to wear gloves, masks, etc., and do a good job of personal protection.
Eight
Can epidemic haemorrhagic fever be prevented?
What is the key to prevention?
Epidemic haemorrhagic fever is a preventable infectious disease. The key to prevention and control is mainly the following three aspects.
Rat prevention and rat control are the main preventive measures. The purpose of preventing rats is to cut off the transmission route, and the purpose of killing rats is to eliminate the source of infection.
Vaccination is effective in preventing epidemic haemorrhagic fever and is the most effective way to prevent it in individuals, and vaccination is recommended for people living and working in key endemic areas.
Early detection, early rest, early treatment, and treatment at the nearest formal medical institution ("three early and one near") can significantly reduce severe illness and death.
Nine
How to prevent rats and kill rats can be prevented
Epidemic hemorrhagic fever?
1. Ensure that there are no rats in the home and workplace. Properly store grain and food, timely cleaning of tableware and cooking utensils, pet food, etc., proper management of domestic garbage, frequent inspection of possible pores in the room, sealing all the pores that may become rodents. Place mousetraps or bait where rats may be present.
2. Prevent rats from entering the room. Clean up trash, shrubs and weeds around the home in a timely manner. Check and seal the holes and holes outside the house in time. Timely cleaning up of debris that may inhabit rodents. When stacking wood, etc., it should be at least 1 foot away from the ground.
3. When cleaning up places contaminated with rodent urine and feces, it is necessary to provide appropriate protection. Wear rubber or plastic gloves, wear a mask, and spray first with a disinfectant, which can be used with household disinfectant or 0.05% chlorine disinfectant. Do not use a sweeping handle or vacuum cleaner to sweep rodents' urine and feces, as it is easy to allow virus particles to enter the air and infect people through the respiratory tract.
4. When cleaning idle shacks, warehouses or other buildings, take precautions. All doors and windows should be opened 30 minutes before cleaning, gloves should be worn, disinfectant sprayed to clean floors, countertops, cabinets, drawers, etc. If traces of rat urine or feces are seen on bedding and clothing, wash with detergent and hot water.
5. Wear rubber or plastic gloves when cleaning up mouse traps and rat nests. Spray dead rats or rat nests and their surrounding areas with disinfectant; rats are buried deep; mouse traps are soaked in disinfectant for 5-10 minutes before disinfection and then used again. Wash hands with soap and water or spray disinfectant or bleach solution, soap and water or other hand sanitizer.
It should be noted that the placement of rat traps and the release of poisonous rat bait should be prevented from contact with children; new anti-rat methods can be consulted from the anti-rat and rat control professional agency.
Ten
Is there a vaccine to prevent epidemic haemorrhagic fever?
Vaccination is an effective measure for individuals to prevent epidemic haemorrhagic fever. People aged 16-60 years in high-incidence areas should be vaccinated at local vaccination sites. Epidemic haemorrhagic fever vaccine can be given to prevent infection by going to endemic areas for field expeditions, tourism, farming, etc., or before engaging in field or outdoor work tasks for a longer period of time.
Eleven
how to identify and detect cases early,
See a doctor as early as possible?
Patients with sudden fever, which can be accompanied by chills, chills, headaches, body muscle and joint pain, drowsiness and weakness, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, low back pain and diarrhea, flushing of the face, neck and chest, bruising and conjunctival congestion and other symptoms or symptoms, should seek medical attention in time.
twelve
Attention should be taken after infection with epidemic haemorrhagic fever
What?
Immediately after suspicion of epidemic haemorrhagic fever, you should seek medical attention. People with high body temperature can use physical cooling, and it is not advisable to use alcohol to rub the bath, so as not to aggravate capillary damage. Avoid using sweating antipyretic drugs on your own to avoid aggravating the condition.
Early treatment and prophylactic therapy are decisive factors in the prognosis of epidemic haemorrhagic fever. The treatment principle is "three early and one near" (early detection, early rest, early treatment, and nearby treatment), and the foothold of treatment measures should be placed on the word "early".
In patients with epidemic haemorrhagic fever, small blood vessels and capillaries are paralyzed and dilated throughout the body, vascular fragility and permeability are enhanced, and long-distance transfer and bumping of patients can aggravate vascular damage. If long-distance referrals are necessary, long-distance bumps and fatigue should be minimized to avoid injury to the patient.