Hemorrhagic fever is not transmitted from person to person.
Recently, major hospitals in Xi'an have successively received a number of patients with hemorrhagic fever, and then the news that "eating strawberries will lead to bleeding fever" spread throughout the circle of friends, causing many netizens to worry.
First of all, the rumor that "eating strawberries will get blood fever" has been refuted by experts! Bleeding fever and eating strawberries is not related, the source of infection of hemorrhagic fever is rats, its transmission route may be the excrement of rats, such as urination and urination, etc., when these pollutants contaminate some items, and the items are not cleaned to be touched, it may be infected.
Infographic: Strawberries.
So, what is hemorrhagic fever? How does it spread? And how to prevent it?
What is hemorrhagic fever?
According to media reports, since the beginning of winter this year, major hospitals in Xi'an have successively received a number of patients with hemorrhagic fever.
Epidemic hemorrhagic fever, also known internationally as renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever, is a serious acute infectious disease transmitted by rats, caused by hantavirus, and clinically characterized by fever, bleeding and renal damage. It belongs to the category B infectious diseases in China.
The onset of the disease is urgent, the progress is rapid, and if it is not treated in time, it can cause death.
What are the main clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic fever?
The incubation period after human infection with hantavirus is usually 7-14 days, and occasionally as short as 4 days or as long as 2 months. Typical clinical presentations have three main signs, namely fever, haemorrhage, and renal impairment.
The patient has an acute onset of illness, early chills, fever and other symptoms, general aches, fatigue, and failure;
There may be headache, orbital pain, low back pain (three pains) and facial, neck, upper chest congestion and flushing (three reds), showing a drunken appearance;
Eyelid puffiness, conjunctival hyperemia, edema, and spotted or flaky bleeding may occur;
The mucous membrane of the upper palate is reticulated with hyperemic, punctate bleeding and lines of bleeding spots arranged in a wired or clustered arrangement of the skin under the armpits. Patients test positive for bundle arms.
Typical cases have a course of five phases: fever, hypotensive shock, oliguria, polyuria, and recovery.
Where in China do I have epidemic haemorrhagic fever?
Epidemic haemorrhagic fever is a naturally occurring infectious disease that has been present in nature for a long time. My country is one of the main endemic areas of epidemic haemorrhagic fever.
The incidence of the disease showed two peaks in spring and autumn and winter, and the peak in autumn and winter (October to January of the following year) was much higher than the peak in spring (April to June).
The distribution of cases is highly dispersed and relatively concentrated, with high incidence in the three northeastern provinces, Shandong, Shaanxi, Hebei, Hubei and other provinces.
According to the Western Network, starting in October every year, the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province enters the high incidence season of hemorrhagic fever.
Image source: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention website
How is hemorrhagic fever spread?
Contact transmission
It invades the body through the virus-containing rat urine, feces, vomit, rat blood, tissue fluid and other explicitly broken skin and mucous membranes.
Respiratory transmission
Viral excrement. Secretions form aerosols on the outside and are inhaled through the respiratory tract to infect.
Digestive tract infections
Ingestion of contaminated diet and drinking water can be infected by damaged oral mucosa and digestive tract.
However, it should be noted that Song Rui, chief physician of the Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Beijing Ditan Hospital, said, "Hemorrhagic fever is not a respiratory infectious disease like SARS and influenza A, it will not be transmitted from person to person, mainly through contact after rodent secretions or excrement contamination, so there will be no large-scale leapfrog infection." ”
Can hemorrhagic fever be prevented?
Epidemic haemorrhagic fever is a preventable infectious disease that can be avoided as long as measures are in place to avoid infection with the virus. The key to prevention and control is mainly the following three aspects.
Anti-rat extermination is the leading measure for the prevention of this disease, anti-rat is to cut off the transmission route, and rat extermination is to eliminate the source of infection.
Vaccination is effective in preventing epidemic haemorrhagic fever. In Our country, the Expanded Immunization Programme (EPI) measures have been implemented for epidemic haemorrhagic fevers, and populations in endemic areas should be vaccinated.
Patient treatment should be "three early and one": early detection, early rest, early treatment, and treatment at the nearest normative medical institution. This significantly reduces the case fatality rate.
How to identify and detect cases early and seek medical attention as early as possible?
If the patient suddenly becomes ill, chills or chills, followed by high fever; with or without headache, low back pain, orbital pain, generalized muscle and joint pain, drowsiness and weakness, nausea, vomiting, low back pain and diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, face, neck and chest flushing (three reds), bruising and conjunctival congestion and other symptoms or more; there is a history of contact with rats or rats and rat excrement in the 1 month before the onset of the disease; or the area is in the area where epidemic haemorrhagic fever is reported, etc., can be highly suspected of epidemic haemorrhagic fever, should seek medical attention in time, And tell the doctor that you may be infected with epidemic haemorrhagic fever.
Source: China News Network
Producer: Li Chaomin Editor: Liu Ran