Shang Shu Ling, the highest official in Shang Shu Tai, an important part of the ancient imperial court. When Shang Shutai was first established, its authority was not large, and it was mainly responsible for the succession and issuance of documents such as the Zhongzhong Chapter. After several dynasties of development and evolution, Shang Shutai's power continued to expand, and its position in the imperial court was also strengthened and consolidated, and it was not until the Eastern Han Dynasty that a relatively complete institution was formed. However, at this time, Shang Shuling was still a subordinate official of shaofu. By the Three Kingdoms period, Shang Shutai had broken away from shaofu and became a separate body in the imperial court, and its scope of responsibilities mainly included the selection, evaluation, appointment and removal of officials, prisons, and clerical affairs. After the founding of the Shu Han Dynasty, Shangshutai was also set up according to the old system of the previous dynasty, and eleven important ministers served as Shangshu Ling, nine of whom were from the same state.
First: Fa-rectification. Fa zheng, a native of Sanfu Fufeng County. Fa Zheng was an official of the Yizhou Liu Zhang clique in his early years, and was dissatisfied with not receiving Liu Zhang's weight, and was ordered to invite Liu Bei to join the Shu Han clique. Fa Zheng was good at clever tricks, persuading the old lord Liu Zhang to surrender in Chengdu, and in Hanzhong, he also offered a plan to defeat the Wei army and kill the famous Cao Wei general Xiahou Yuan, so that his outstanding merits won Liu Bei's trust and respect. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219 AD), Liu Bei proclaimed himself the Queen of Hanzhong and appointed Fa Zheng as Shang Shu Ling, a position in the Shu Han clique that was comparable to that of the military general Zhuge Liang. However, although Fa Zheng was heavily affected, his fate was not good, and he died of illness in the second year of his employment.
Second place: Liu Ba. Liu Ba, a native of Lingling County, Jingzhou. Liu Ba was a member of Zhuge Liang's Jingzhou concubine lineage, and in his early years he defected to the Cao Wei clique, and later to Liu Zhang in Yizhou. After Liu Bei pacified Yizhou, he spent a lot of effort to include Liu Ba under his command. Liu Ba was deeply impressed by Liu Bei for his erudition and good grasp of the overall situation, and took over Shang Shuling after Fazheng's death. During his tenure, Liu Ba was calm and low-key, and there was no dispute with the world, except for a slight advice when discussing government affairs, most of the other times were silent, and Zhang Wu died of illness in the second year of zhangwu (222 AD).
Third place: Li Yan. Li Yan, a native of Nanyang County, Jingzhou. Li Yan moved to Shang Shuling after Liu Ba's death. Li Yan's promotion had a great purpose, especially when Liu Bei was seriously ill, he appointed him as the commander of the Military Of the Middle Guard Army, and together with Zhuge Liang accepted the heavy responsibility of entrusting him to the orphan. Judging from the above indications, Liu Bei's appointment of Li Yan was aimed at dividing Zhuge Liang's power, maintaining the balance of power between the two sides of the DPRK and China, and preventing one person from dominating. However, judging from the end of Li Yan's eventual dethronement, Liu Bei's deliberations did not play any substantive significance.
Fourth place: Chen Zhen. Chen Zhen, a native of Nanyang County, Jingzhou. Chen Zhen belonged to one of the main figures in Zhuge Liang's Jingzhou lineage, and Liu Bei joined the Shu Han clique while in Jingzhou and served as the Taishou of two counties in Shudi in the early days. In the fourth year of Jianxing (226 AD), while Zhuge Liang was preparing for the Northern Expedition, Li Yan was transferred to Jiangzhou to garrison, and Chen Zhen was promoted to Shangshuling. Chen Zhen was good at diplomacy, and during his tenure he sent several missions to Eastern Wu, making outstanding contributions to repairing and consolidating the relationship between Shu and Wu, and died of illness in the thirteenth year of Jianxing (235 AD).
Fifth place: Jiang Huan. Jiang Huan, a native of Lingling County, Jingzhou. Jiang Huan was one of the important figures in Zhuge Liang's Jingzhou concubine lineage. In the twelfth year of Jianxing (234 AD), Zhuge Liang died of illness, and Jiang Huan moved to Shangshu Ling. Jiang Huan's transfer to this post should be said to be a major change in the post of Shang Shuling in the Shu Han clique. Because the four Shang ShuLings before Jiang Huan did not have much power and did not have high status, this was determined by the special circumstances of the Shu Han clique in the early period. During Liu Bei's lifetime, the military and political power was grasped by one hand, and after Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang controlled the important military and political affairs, and the authority of Shang Shuling was greatly limited. After Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu Han court took advantage of the situation to reduce the phase, and Shang Shuling was able to begin to exercise all his duties at this time, and his status and power were greatly improved.
Jiang Huan did not hold office for a long time, although there is no clear record in the historical records, but according to the time after Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu Han clique was cut off from generation to generation, and it was in urgent need of heavy ministers to take over military and political affairs, and Jiang Huan was the only candidate at that time. Therefore, the author deduces that Jiang Huan only played a transitional role in holding this post, and then he was promoted to a great general and recorded Shang Shushi to take over military and political affairs, and his tenure was only a few months.
Sixth place: Fei Yi. Fei Yi (Fei Yi), a native of Jiangxia County, Jingzhou, was one of the most important figures in Zhuge Liang's Jingzhou lineage, and after Jiang Huan's promotion, Fei Yi took over as Shangshu Ling. Fei Yi is good at remembering, the efficiency of handling cumbersome official affairs during his employment is extremely high, and he often knows the meaning of the chapters and documents with his eyes, and his memory is accurate, there is no error, and the efficiency is several times that of ordinary people. During Fei Yi's tenure, there were no drawbacks in government, and various documents and officials played Chen Changxing without hindrance, which made great contributions to the stabilization of the Shu Han Dynasty, and Yanxi was transferred to the post of general in the seventh year (244 AD).
Seventh place: Dong Yun. Dong Yun, a native of Nan County, Jingzhou. Dong Yun was also one of the important figures in Zhuge Liang's Jingzhou concubine lineage. Dong Yun has the demeanor of his father Dong He in handling people and is a courtier of the Shu Han clique. After Fei Yi's promotion, Dong Yun concurrently served as Shang Shuling with the position of Shizhong (侍中). During his tenure, Dong Yun assisted Fei Yi in stabilizing the imperial situation, supporting the empress dowager and deterring eunuchs, which was unanimously praised by the Shu Han courtiers. However, Dong Yun did not serve long and died of illness after only two years of service.
Eighth place: Lü Qi. Lü Qiben was a member of the Nanyang Commandery clan of Jingzhou and an important member of the Jingzhou clan to which Zhuge Liang belonged. During Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, Lü Qi sat in Hanzhong, delivered grain and grass to the front, recruited troops, and was one of the main figures in Zhuge Liang's Jingzhou lineage, and took over Asong Ling after Dong Yun's death. Lü Qi was concise in government and capable in his handling of affairs, but because he was too strict in punishment, although he also had outstanding merits during his tenure, his reputation was not very good, and Yanxi died of illness in the fourteenth year (251 AD).
Ninth place: Chen Yuan. Chen Yuan, a native of Runan County, Yuzhou, Chen Yuan's maternal grandfather Xu Jing was a famous scholar at the end of the Han Dynasty and defected to Liu Bei during the Battle of Yizhou. After Lü Qi's death, Chen Yuan took over as Shang Shuling. Although Chen Yuan had the demeanor of his maternal grandfather, was versatile and good at judging characters, he made a big mistake during his tenure. During Chen Yuan's tenure as Shang Shu Ling, not only did he not stop the eunuch Huang Hao from disrupting the government in time, but he also had the intention of indulging in his behavior, becoming the initiator of the political turmoil in the Shu Han Dynasty, and Jing Yao died of illness in the first year of his reign (258 AD).
Tenth place: Dong Jie. Dong Jie, a native of Yiyang County, Jingzhou. Dong Wei was a member of Zhuge Liang's Jingzhou concubine lineage, and Chen Yuan took over the post of Shang Shuling after his death. Dong Yue has talent and learning, and there is no impeccable place in his character, but there are no outstanding achievements during his tenure.
Eleventh place: Fan Jian. Fan Jian, a native of Yiyang County, Jingzhou. Fan Jian was also a member of Zhuge Liang's Jingzhou concubine lineage, and in the fourth year of Jing Yao (261 AD), Dong Jie took over as Shang Shuling after his ascension. Like Dong Jie, Fan Jian's talent and character are impeccable, but his political achievements during his tenure are very average.
Reference book: Romance of the Three Kingdoms