As we all know, just as there was no road in the world, there were no countries on the earth, and the strong were many, so they had to manage the weak and keep them in captivity, so there were countries.
However, the weak people who are kept in captivity have different levels of consciousness, and there are both obedient people and unscrupulous people. The people did not obey the management and would make trouble, so the army and the police appeared. The duty of the army is to protect the people, to resist external aggression, and to rule over all kinds of disobedience.
But governing the country is no better than fighting a war. What the state wants is long-term peace and stability, and the emperor cannot rely solely on the big stick, but also uses other tricks, not only to have a system, but also to have a team, several departments, each performing its own duties, using different means to govern the country, managing the people and the people, and resolving all kinds of social contradictions.
Managing so many people was difficult in ancient times. But those who can cure people are all hard-working people, and their IQ is more than that of ordinary people. For them, there are always more ways than difficulties, and besides, they will continue to explore, or explore stones, or learn from the previous dynasty, find many ways to control the people, and establish a set of effective systems.
The six parts are the crystallization of the wisdom of the emperors, the successful experience, and the fruits of their hard work and sweat, which have been recognized and inherited by future generations.
The six-part system is the crystallization of the wisdom of our politicians, it is the main organ of a ruling group to govern the country, and it is an indispensable institution for national prosperity and social stability. He is the formulator, implementer and effective supervisor of the country's major policies. It is precisely because of the six ministries that the state can operate stably and at a high speed and that the political power can be consolidated.
According to expert research, the six ministries were established during the Zhou Dynasty, and Zhou Tianzi relied on the six ministries to govern the country.
When it came to the Qin Dynasty, the rulers were a bit superstitious, saying that the Zhou Dynasty had lost the world because of the six-part system, and we could not follow the name of the six parts, obscure. So they used Jiuqing instead, although the name was changed, the executive agency was much the same, changing the soup and not changing the medicine.
In the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gaozu, felt that the name of the Qin Dynasty was unlucky, so he changed his name to "Liu Cao"," and the heads of each Cao were called Shangshu.
When Liu Cao arrived in the Sui Dynasty, he was abandoned, and it is said that Yang Jian, the founding emperor of the Sui Dynasty at that time, said that the name Liu Cao was awkward, reminding people of the Yin Cao Prefecture, and they were so flustered that they had another name. Therefore, some of the ministers came up with ideas and suggested that Liu Cao be changed to the Official's Department, the Ceremonial Department, the Military Department, the Du Branch, the Metropolitan Officials, and the Ministry of Works.
In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin felt that the name "'Ministry'" was good, high-end atmosphere on the grade, called catchy, simply called six parts. In this way, the names of the six ministries as central organs were determined.
After half a day, which six are the six?
The six ministries were successively the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Soldiers, the Ministry of Punishment, the Ministry of Punishment, the Ministry of Punishment, and the Ministry of Works, and the six ministries of the Tang and Song Dynasties were under the unified jurisdiction of Shangshu Province, which was equivalent to the current State Council. During the Yuan Dynasty, Shangshu Province was renamed Zhongshu Province, but it was also a new bottle of old wine, and the name was changed.
In the blink of an eye, the Yuan Dynasty collapsed, the mud-legged Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, and after he became emperor, he conducted a thorough reflection on the previous dynasty system, and he felt that the reason why so many dynasties in China collapsed was that the dictatorship was not enough, the power was too decentralized, and what Zhongshu Province and Shangshu Province were wanted, how good the emperor directly managed. If you want to live forever, you must have the emperor as the commander, and if you want to never change your color, you must have the dictatorship of lao Zhu. As a result, Zhongshu Province was abolished and replaced by six ministries directly under the responsibility of the emperor.
The six ministries implement a one-handed responsibility system, and the leader is called Shangshu. There were two deputies in the ministry, known as the left and right attendants, and the three of them were responsible for managing the internal affairs of the ministries.
During the Ming Dynasty, Shangshu, who served as the first leader of various ministries, had the rank of Zheng Erpin in the imperial court, and the left and right attendants belonged to the zheng sanpin rank.
Speaking and talking, the Ming Dynasty also finished playing, the Manchu Qing entered the customs as the master, and another feudal dynasty turned out. As a foreign race at that time, the Manchu Qing dynasty also had no experience in ruling, and followed a set of han rule methods and management systems, and the six ministries of the organization continued.
What is different is that the Shangshu of each ministry was raised to a first-class member, and the left and right attendants became the main two-pin. If it were not to say that the Manchus would rule the country, the leaders of the state organs would only be promoted to one level, and the treatment would be changed a little, and the big guys would work for the emperor with all their hearts.
After Yongzheng became emperor, he was full of self-confidence, and he felt that the emperor did not have to worry about everything, so he set up a university student to coordinate and supervise the work of the six ministries.
So, what are the responsibilities of the six ministries, and what work are they in charge of?
Bureaucracy: The bureaucracy is equivalent to our current organization department and personnel department. It is mainly responsible for selecting and appointing officials and managing them.
For students who passed the eight-unit examination, the officials were responsible for assigning them to appropriate leadership positions as officials. Officials promote them when they have achievements. If there is a mistake, punish them. Those who make more mistakes and are more serious in nature must be demoted and punished. Those who have made a mistake of principle, have a bad impact, and have serious consequences, must be removed from their posts and handed over to the judicial department for conviction.
Household Department: The Household Department is similar to the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Land, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Land and Resources. The land situation, the situation of cultivated land, farmland management, local harvests, and the formulation of agricultural taxes throughout the country; as well as the household registration management and information of the permanent population and floating population in various localities, and the surplus of revenue and expenditure of the national treasury, are all within the scope of the responsibilities of the Ministry of Households.
· Bingbu: The Bingbu is now the Ministry of National Defense and the Ministry of State Security, which is the big gun of the state and the highest organ to escort the emperor. The modernization of the armed forces, the research and development and renewal of weapons, the training of military personnel, the promotion and transfer of military cadres, the convocation and distribution of soldiers, the distribution and dispatch of armaments, and the selection and promotion of qualified personnel; as well as the command of the armed forces and tactical strategies in times of war and turmoil, are all the responsibilities of the military department.
· Ministry of Etiquette: The Ministry of Etiquette is equivalent to our ministry of foreign affairs and the Department of Etiquette today. National Day, the emperor's birthday, the death of the emperor, the planning and management of major events, the reception of visiting emissaries and guests; as well as cultural exchanges, academic exchanges, and so on.
· Criminal Department: The Criminal Department is the highest authority of the national criminal law. For example, the trial and sentencing of major cases, the supervision of the behavior of officials, the formulation of various laws and regulations of the state, the examination, the reception of petitioners, the review of major and important cases, the review of cases of petitioning at higher levels, the rehabilitation of unjust, false and wrongly decided cases, and the training of forensic doctors and judges in various localities. Equivalent to the Supreme Court and prosecutor's office we have today.
Ministry of Works: The Ministry of Works is now the Ministry of Water Conservancy and Construction. Its main responsibility is to be responsible for the construction of the emperor's palace, the approval and construction of guest houses and hotels in various places. The site selection and construction of the memorial hall, the site selection and construction of the emperor and the emperor's relatives; as well as the dredging of the river channel, the construction and maintenance of defense works and water conservancy facilities, etc.