What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
Since the beginning of the feudal era in China, the court has set up medical institutions. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the Taiyi Order was placed, the Sui and Tang Dynasties had the Taiyi Bureau, the Song Dynasty changed to the Taiyi Bureau, the Jin Dynasty began to change its name to the Taiyi Hospital, and the point of mention was the chief, along with the Ming and Qing dynasties. Qingtai Hospital is under the leadership of the Ceremonial Department, is an independent institution that "holds the government decree of the doctor, and leads its subordinates to provide medical affairs", in addition to the selection of personnel to pass the Ceremony Department, usually the independent exercise of administrative business Qingtai Hospital has 1 chief, called the hospital envoy, 2 deputy chiefs, called the left and right court judges, under which there are 10 to 15 imperial doctors, 10 to 30 officials, 20 to 40 doctors, 20 to 30 doctors, and 20 to 30 doctors (negative expensive drugs). Although this kind of organization increased or decreased in various dynasties in the Qing Dynasty, the overall system has not changed. The envoys of the hospital are five pin officials, and the imperial doctors are all awarded seven pin officials and allowed to use six pin crown belts.
The original site of Qingtai Hospital was located on the east wall of the Forbidden City (north of Donghuamen Inner), and was moved to the north of Dongda Avenue Road outside Di'anmen in the early years of the Republic of China.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Tai Hospital was divided into 11 departments, namely: Dafang Pulse, Xiao Fang Pulse, Typhoid Fever Department, Gynecology, Sores Department, Acupuncture Department, Ophthalmology, Oral Dental Department, Throat Department, Orthopedic Department, and Acne Repair Department. Later, the acne department was merged into the small square vein, and the sore department was merged into the dental department. During the Qianlong period, Tai Hospital was in charge of 9 departments. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, typhoid materials and gynecology were merged into the Large Square Pulse, the Sores Department was changed to surgery, and the acupuncture and orthopedic departments were abolished, so it was recorded in the Guangxu "Huidian" that the Tai Hospital had 5 departments: Dafang Pulse, Small Square Pulse, Surgery, Ophthalmology, and Oral Material.
The hospital's envoys from the hospital to the medical field must "give things to the inner court" (to serve in the inner palace) according to their own occupation and rank, and take turns on duty. The duty is divided into internal and external values. The internal value is on duty in the outer room of each palace, also known as the palace value; the external value is on duty in the East Pharmacy, also known as the six values.
All the medical officers summoned by the imperial hospital attendants (on duty) to the Ouchi (imperial palace) to see a doctor were led by the eunuch of the imperial pharmacy, and after diagnosing and treating the emperor's illness and prescribing a prescription, they must be combined with the eunuch in the imperial pharmacy, and the prescription was jointly sealed, and then the medicinal properties and treatment of the drugs listed in the prescription of this report were obtained, and the medical officer and the eunuch signed under the month (date) and then submitted to the emperor for reading. After the book (report) is played, this chapter is registered and the eunuch receives it for examination.
When the imperial medicine was fried, the medical officer of the Tai Hospital and the eunuch of the imperial pharmacy monitored it together, combined the two medicines into one, and after frying, they were poured into two cups, one cup was tasted by the attending medical officer first, and then the court judge and the eunuch drank it in turn, and then the other cup was presented to the emperor to take. If the drug is not prepared according to the original prescription and the unexpired taste and dosage of the drug, or if there is an error in the prescription, it will be considered "great disrespect".
In addition to the direct transfer of the imperial doctors of qingtai hospital, many of them were sponsored by various localities. They not only have profound theories of traditional Chinese medicine and have rich clinical experience, but also have good literary accomplishment, in the dialectical treatment, the rational method is well-organized, the prescription medicine is stable, especially for chronic pathology is well considered. Local officials who did not have real talent and practical learning did not dare to recommend it to the emperor. Coupled with the use of medicine in the court, its richness and sophistication are unattainable by the people. Therefore, the medical achievements and medical level of Tai Hospital can be said to represent the highest medical level of the country at that time.
In order to cultivate court medical personnel and cultivate chinese medicine talents, the Qing Dynasty Tai Hospital also set up a teaching hall for medical education, and the teaching hall was divided into two types: "internal teaching" and "external teaching". "Internal teaching" is to educate the doctors who work in the Hospital, and re-educate those who have cultivated prospects. "Foreign education" is to educate and train the children of medical officials or ordinary civilians in the Hospital. The instructors of the Teaching and Learning Department are all medical officers selected from the Tai Hospital, and ordinary civilians are enrolled in the school, and it is stipulated that the Beijing officials of the same township shall recommend the recommendation to the Tai Hospital and then obtain the guarantee of the Tai Hospital medical officer, and at the same time, the court will judge the examination, and those who think that their medical studies can be cultivated are allowed to wait in the hospital and make up for it in order. After many examinations, these trainees are indeed "proficient in medical science and have no faults" before they can enter the "Foreign Education And Learning Hall" to study. During the study period, food and lodging were provided, and the subjects of study were Zhang Jingyue's "Notes on the Classics of Classes", Li Mingzhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" and Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" in the early years of Yongzheng, and every 3 years, the official of the ceremonial hall went to the hospital to preside over the examination, and after being admitted as a doctor. Although the government affairs of the late Qing Dynasty government have been relaxed, the education and inspection of medical officials is still very serious.