Lü Dai (161-256) was born in a humble background, and only entered middle age did he defect to jiangdong sun clan regime to try to be a county clerk in Wu County, but he did not settle for the status quo and get by, but worked hard to do a good job, gained Sun Quan's trust and weight, got the opportunity to form his own army, and began the second half of his life as a horse warrior. Lü Dai attacked the Shanyue thieves, pacified the three counties of Changsha, suppressed the Liling rebellion, conquered Wanli, pacified Jiaozhou (including present-day northern and central Vietnam, the Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong and southern Guangxi), and threatened southern Xinjiang! During his tenure as the Assassin of Jiaozhou, he preached the indoctrination of the country in the Nanyang Islands and Southeast Asia, and began formal exchanges with the countries of present-day Southeast Asia. At the age of 80, he was still in good shape and personally handled political affairs, and at the age of 93, he worshiped Sima Da, died at the age of 96, and told his son to be funeral and clean all his life.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Vol. 60, Book of Wu, Fifteenth He Quan Lü Zhou Zhong's Departure from the Fifteenth Chronicle says: "Lü Dai zi Ding Gong, Guangling Hailing people, for the county officials, to avoid chaos in the south." Sun Quan was in charge of the affairs, dai yi shogunate, and went out to guard Wu Cheng. From this, it can be seen that Lü Dai defected to Sun Quan's account in order to escape the chaos of the Hailing War. Once Sun Quan personally inspected the county warehouses and prison prisoners, and the officials were all received. "Dai should be asked, even if he is called Quan Yi, summon the signature to record things, and make up for Yao Chang." It is not difficult to see that Lu Dai stood out for his outstanding talents and received this important promotion. Then he began to recruit strong soldiers, getting more than a thousand people. Coinciding with the rebellion of the thieves Kou Lühe and Qin Wolf in five counties, including Dongzhi, Sun Quan appointed Lü Dai as a lieutenant of the military academy, and the general Jiang Qin and others led troops to conquest, and finally captured Lü He and Qin Wolf, the riots in the five counties were quelled, and Lü Dai was awarded the title of "General of the Letter of Worship" for his excellent performance. Lü Dai was also ordered to enter Shu to help Liu Bei attack and occupy Yizhou, but left halfway, and the Book of Wu said: "In the sixteenth year of Jian'an, The Governor of Dai, Yin Yi, and others, lured the Hanzhong thief Zhang Lu to the han xingcheng with 2,000 soldiers. ”
Twenty years after Jian'an, "Governor Sun Mao and ten others will take the three counties of Changsha." The officials of the four counties of Ancheng, You, Yongxin, and Chaling entered Yinshan City together, and the crowd refused to take over. Faced with a stubbornly resisting enemy, Lü Dai attacked and surrounded Yinshan until the rebels surrendered and pacified the three counties. Sun Quan left Lü Dai in Changsha. After that, "An Grew Wu Yan and Zhonglang reverted Yuan Long and others to rebellion. According to You County, the dragon is in Liling. Sun Quan sent the Hengjiang general Lu Su to attack Youxian County, and Wu Yan broke through and fled. Lü Dai attacked Liling, and finally captured and beheaded Yuan Long, and was again promoted to Luling Taishou.
2. Pingding Jiaozhou
Jiaozhou: including present-day Guangdong, Guangxi, northern and central Vietnam, China. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, it has been included in the Chinese territory, the Han Xiandi, Jian'an eight years, because "Zhang Jin is the history of thorns, Shi Xie is the Jiaotong Taishou, the total table is established as a state, and The Baijin is the pastor of Jiaozhou", so that the History Department of Jiaotong Thorns was called Jiaozhou.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the largest representative of local forces in Lingnan was the Shi Xie brothers. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Vol. 49, says: The Xie Brothers are also counties, Xiongchang Is a state, partial to Wanli, and the prestige is supreme... At that time, it was valuable, shocking and barbaric, and he was not enough to exceed it. In the sixteenth year of Jian'an, on the occasion of Liu Beixi's conquest of Yizhou, Sun Quan sent the general Bu Qi to assassinate Jiaozhou. "The brothers flattered and frugalized. Kwon Wassee was a left general. In this way, the Lingnan forces reached a temporary compromise with the Eastern Wu regime, but the actual rule of Jiaozhou was still in the hands of the Shi clan. Eastern Wu was not really at ease with the "King of Lingnan", who was not called king, and the danger of separating the state of Jiaozhou still existed.
In the first year of Yankang, Lü Dai replaced Bulu as the Assassin of Jiaozhou. After Lü Dai arrived, Qian Bo, the leader of the Gaoliang thieves, asked for surrender, and Lü Dai appointed Qian Bo as the western governor of Gaoliang according to the instructions. In addition, the minority rebellion in Yulin besieged the local county seat, and Lü Dai attacked and defeated them. "At that time, The thief King Jin of Guiyang Huangyang joined forces on the boundary of the South China Sea, and the first chaos was harmed, and Quan zhao Dai begged him," Lü Dai captured Wang Jin and sent him to Kyoto, executing and capturing more than 10,000 thieves. Lü Dai was promoted to the rank of General of Annam and False Festival, and was made the Marquis of Duxiang.
In 226 AD, Jiaotong Taishou Shi Xie died. Sun Quan felt that the time had come to weaken this divided force, so he "took Xie Zihui as the general of Anyuan, led the Jiuzhen Taishou, and took the lieutenant Chen Shi xie." Daibiao is divided into three counties of Hainan as Jiaozhou, with the general Dai Liang as the assassin history, the four counties of Haidong as Guangzhou, and Dai Zi as the thorn history. According to the principle of succession between father and son at that time, if Liu Zhang inherited Liu Yan's position, ShiHui would not be satisfied with this assignment, and he refused to obey the transfer, and openly admitted that he was too defensive. He raised troops to launch a rebellion and sent troops to defend Haikou to resist Wu. After Lü Dai received the news, he wrote a letter requesting the crime of the villain of Shi hui, and personally led three thousand iron horses to cross the sea day and night to jiaotong, but some people in the army objected: "The emblem is attached to a state by the grace of the past generations, and it is not easy to take it lightly." Lü Dai held a different opinion that he could win the victory of the surprise army: "Although this emblem has a contrarian plan, it is not afraid of my pawn, if my submarine army is light, cover up its unpreparedness, it will be broken." Leave unhurried, make the heart of life, the baby city stick to it, the seven counties and hundreds of barbarians, the cloud he responds, although there are wise people, who can figure it out? So he continued to march to Hepu and met Dai Liang
Marching together, ShiHui was greatly shocked to hear that Lü Dai's army and soldiers were approaching the city, and Lü Dai had previously sent his old friend, Shi Hui's cousin Shi Kuang, into the city to persuade him to surrender, saying that as long as he accepted his sins, "although he lost the county guard, he would not worry about him". Lü Dai put on his clothes and went to the county hall together. The next morning, Lü Dai set up the tent, the Brothers of the Order emblem entered, in front of the full of guests, Lü Dai stood up solemnly, read the edict in the festival, listed the sins of the emblem, and after an order, the general emblem was pushed out of the apes and beheaded, and the first rank was transmitted through the station to Wuchang to report victory. Members of the Shi clan who did not rebel, such as Shi Kuang, were also relegated to the rank of Shuren. Soon Shi Hui's generals Gan Li and Huan Zhi led the local officials to rebel, and Lü Dai rose up to meet the attack, breaking the rebellion of Huan, and at this point, Jiaozhou was pacified, and Lü Dai was further promoted to the Marquis of Panyu.
3. Propaganda and indoctrination
Eastern Wu then abolished Guangzhou, still setting up Jiaozhou as before, and Lü Dai was still the assassin of Jiaozhou. It immediately "changed the position of a long official, Zhang Ming Wang Gang" in Jiaozhou, forming a situation of "mighty as mighty as ten thousand miles, big and small as the wind". Then he marched to conquer Jiuzhen and destroy more than 10,000 captured enemies. Sun Wu's regime attached great importance to overseas relations, and Lü Dai also actively dispatched to engage in propaganda and indoctrination in the south, about 226 AD, "sending Xuanhua to engage Zhu Ying and Zhonglang Kangtai Tongyan, and their experiences and rumors were hundreds of countries, because of the biography." After returning to China, Kang Tai wrote "Foreign Biography of Wu Shi", which recorded his observations on his mission to Funan and other countries, and Zhu Ying wrote "Funan Foreign Objects". Although both books have been scattered today, this is one of the early important works known to Chinese foreign countries, and the books "Notes on the Water Classics", "Art and Literature Collection", "Liang Shu", "Tongdian", and "Taiping Imperial Records" have been quoted as important documents for the study of early economic and cultural exchanges between China and the South China Sea countries. At this time, the king of Funan, the king of LinYi, the king of Tangming, etc. outside the border all sent emissaries to pay tribute to the state of Wu. Sun Quan recognized Lü Dai's merits and made him the general of Zhennan.
Although some historians have criticized Lü Dai for cutting off Shihui and demeaning Shikuang for his own utilitarian interests, this promoted the Eastern Wu regime to restore its actual rule over Lingnan, and also took back Hainan, which the Han Dynasty had abandoned for more than two hundred years, and consolidated the territory of southern China. Sun Quandu issued an edict praising that "from now on, the country will never have the risk of looking south, the three counties will be yanran, there is no fear of fear, and there is no fear of fear, and the evil people are given to serve, and the sigh is reused." Not to mention sending people to "declare nationalization in the south," in the history of our country, it is comparable to the visit of Ban Chao's envoys to various countries in Western Asia during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Mr. Fan Wenlan once pointed out in the Compendium of the General History of China: Lü Dai's diplomatic action began to finally have official exchanges with the South China Sea... Together with Gan Ying and Ban Yong, the introduction of the Western countries on land is a major contribution in cultural history.
Fourth, the high wind and bright festival
In his later years, after quelling the Liao rebellion, Lü Dai was already eighty years old, still in good shape and energetic, and personally handled political affairs. The Fenwei general Zhang Cheng wrote to Lü Dai, saying, "Dan Yi Yi Zhou, Er Nan composed songs, and now he was foot with Lu Ziye." Loyalty and diligence are the first, labor and humility are given to each other, merit is achieved with power, transformation and Taoism are united, gentlemen sigh their virtues, and villains are pleasing to their beauty. With the martingale of the paperwork, the guests all day long, do not give up things, tireless, but also know that the horse is self-superior, not to cross, so that the foot is too cheap, how fast everything is. Zhou Yi has it, courtesy and courtesy, virtue and morality, how can there be such a beauty under the foot! After Lu Xun's death, Zhuge Ke replaced Lu Xun, and Sun Quan divided Wuchang into two parts, with Lü Dai in charge of the right part, from Wuchang to Puxi. He was promoted to the rank of grand general, and his son Lü Kai was made a lieutenant of the military academy, serving as a supervisor at Puxi. Sun Liang ascended the throne and promoted Lü Dai to the position of Grand Sima (大司馬).
Lü Dai was a clean and loyal official, and he put public affairs first, and during his tenure as the Assassin of Jiaozhou, he failed to take care of his family for many years, resulting in hunger and poverty in his wife and children. When Sun Quan found out, he sighed and rebuked the courtiers, saying: "Lü Dai was born in wanli, worked for the country, and was trapped inside the door of the family, and he did not know it early. The humerus is the ear and ear, and its responsibility lies? Therefore, he immediately sent people to double the reward for Lü Dai's family money, rice, cloth, and cotton, a certain amount every year.
At first, Lü Dai had a good relationship with Xu Yuan, a native of Wu County, Xu Yuan was generous and talented, and Lü Dai knew that he could become a big thing, gave him clothing, discussed problems with him, and later recommended him to be promoted, and Xu Yuan became an official to serve the imperial history. Xu Yuan was loyal and upright, liked to speak bluntly, every time Lü Dai made a mistake, Xu Yuan had to dissuade the argument, and also openly discussed, someone told Lü Dai, Lü Dai sighed and said: "It is me so Gui Deyuan also." When Xu Yuan died, Lü Dai cried very sadly for him, saying: "Deyuan, Lü Dai's good friend, is unfortunate now, how has Dai Fu heard?" "People talk about it and praise their friendship.
In 256 AD, Lü Dai, who had worked for Eastern Wu all his life, died in Wuchang at the age of 96. On his deathbed, Lü Dai instructed his family: "The funeral is based on a plain coffin, a thin scarf, and a burial system, and it is necessary to be frugal." After his son Lü Kaidu did so one by one, he buried his father in Gaoyangdang, Hailing.
Evaluation of the past
"Zhuge Jin, Bu Qi... Lu Dai... Loyalty to the country, access to the system of governance. "When Sun Deng, the crown prince of Eastern Wu Cai Gao Demao, was on his deathbed, Shangshu recommended Xiancai to believe that Lü Dai was a pillar of the country.
Chen Shou commented that "Lü Daiqing is in the public. "It is precisely to affirm that Lü Dai was incorruptible and respectful when he was in office, and he can be a model in the official field!"
Lu Ji, one of the "Three Juns of Luoyang" in the Western Jin Dynasty, was very sympathetic to Lü Dai's talents: Gu Yong, Pan Mao, Lü Fan, and Lü Dai served as officials in government affairs. ”
Sima Guang wrote in the Zizhi Tongjian: "Dai Shi was eighty years old, his voxels were diligent, he was a prince, he was in harmony with Sun, and he had goodness to give way, which Nanshi called it." He praised lü dai and Lu Xun for their harmonious and mutually helpful colleague relationship when they managed the Jingzhou documents.
Hu San Province: "Those who are in the right should be like Lü Dai; those who entrust people with the aspect should be like Sun Quan." At the time of the Song and Yuan dynasties, the historian Hu Sansheng believed that Sun Quan was good at assigning posts according to his talents, and Lü Dai also lived up to expectations and made great achievements.
bibliography:
Pei Song's Note: Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Kangtai "Funan Chronicle"
Fang Xuanling's Book of Jin
Yao Silian's Book of Liang
Husan Province's Annotation to the Zizhi Tongjian
![Three famous generals who were overlooked by the Romance of the Three Kingdoms period: Yuqiu Jian, Lü Dai, and Li Hui[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)