Du Fu and Bai Juyi had all served as officials, and after the Anshi Rebellion, "words and deeds did not need to be reported to the chief."

In the early and middle periods of the Tang Dynasty, the system of speech and advice played a better role overall. When Emperor Xuanzong of Tang formally determined the establishment of the pick-up and fill-in-the-que, there were two members on the left and two on the left, and two members on the right and two on the right. During the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Tang further expanded the compilation of filling gaps and collecting relics, and raised the rank of the counselor from the five products to the four products, in order to play the role of the counselor more effectively.

Traditionally, there are 5 types of advice, namely satire, obedience, regulation, advice, and direct advice. Among them, the satire is a secret admonition, so that the monarch can realize himself, and it will not hurt his face, so it is easier to be accepted and even recited. The satire of calligraphy master Liu Gongquan using the brushwork as an example is a famous case.

Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is strong and rigorous, and he is known for his thinness. He served as a secretary to the provincial school secretary in the early years of Emperor Xianzong of Tang, and Tang Muzong was then the right to pick up the will, and later moved to the right to fill the gap.

Tang Muzong was a political misdemeanor, and Liu Gongquan always wanted to find a suitable opportunity to consult. Once, Tang Muzong asked Liu Gongquan how to transport the pen? Liu Gongquan replied: "With the pen in the heart, the heart is correct." Tang Muzong was moved after hearing this, and knew that Liu Gongquan was writing advice.

Poets such as Du Fu and Bai Juyi all served as Zuo Shiyi, and Du Fu was also known as Du Shiyi. Cen Shan served as the right to fill the gap, and Du Fu and Cen Sang had poetry and singing harmony when they served as counselors.

Cen Shan once wrote "Sending Du Shiyi of Zuo Province", lamenting that "the Holy Pilgrimage has no queuing, and consciously advises the book to be rare". The poem has the meaning of complaining, expressing the complex mentality of being in a humble position and worrying about the fortunes of the country. After reading it, Du Fu wrote "Bong Da Cen Sam Supplement Que See Gift", lamenting the suffering of his life and pouring out his dissatisfaction with the government of the dynasty.

Bai Ju Yiyuanhe served as a left relic for three years, and at the beginning of his tenure, he neglected things, saying that mortals "if they are high, they cherish their positions, and if they are noble, they love their bodies" and "if they cherish their positions, they secretly agree without speaking, and if they love their bodies, they will tolerate and not advise", and the position of the left-pickers is "not enough to be sorry and not tolerated", in order to have que must be ruled and violated.

After the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Suzong of Tang ascended the throne, opened the door to advice, abolished the rule that Yushi's speeches must be signed by Yushi Dafu, and that words and matters must not be reported to the governor.

In the fourth year of Changqing, Zuo Shiyi Liu Qi Chu entered the Tang Dynasty late every day. The next day, Tang Muzong promoted Liu Qichu to the post of Qiju Lang, but Liu Qichu insisted on resigning.

He was the most extensive advisor in the Tang Dynasty and had the right to refute it. To the matter is subordinate to the menxia province, set up to four people in the matter, from the five products. To accompany the emperor around the matter, he has the right to reject and correct the defects in the compromise of the hundred officials, and the emperor can also modify the upper instrument if there is an error in the edict.

During the reign of Emperor Wuzong of Tang, the eunuch Qiu Shiliang was enfeoffed as the Duke of Chu and held the official position of Grand General of the Hussars. According to the system, from five pins or above, all yinzi can be appointed as officials, and the level of official position depends on the rank of his father. Qiu Shiliang opened the house from a pin, please shade its son.

Menxia Province gave Li Zhongmin in charge of his affairs, and he replied: "Kaifu Jie Chengyi Yinzi, why does the Gurudwara have children?" "The gurudwara is the eunuch, and the eunuch is childless. Qiu Shiliang was ashamed and hated, but there was nothing he could do.

Historically, counselors have been impeached if they fail to play a good role. During the reign of Emperor Suzong of Tang, Yan Zhenqing soon became the Imperial Historian after he was ordained shangshu of the Punishment Department. Cui Yijiu, a Zhongshu Sheren and official attendant, entered the dynasty, and Li Heji, the counselor, was in the class but did not correct. Yan Zhenqing impeached the two, and eventually Cui Yi was demoted to right shuzi and Li Heji was demoted to Sima of Xiping County.

In short, there was the Tang Dynasty, which was a period when scholars and doctors had a strong sense of advice. The consultation activities not only reflect the function of the counselors, but also show the moral conscience of the scholars and doctors and their concern for the fate of the country.

(The author Liu Shejian is a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)