1. Horizontal and vertical
What we usually call "horizontal flatness" refers to the horizontal painting being stable, not the meaning of horizontal. The horizontal upper right oblique 5--10 degrees, in calligraphy is called "taking the oblique potential". "Vertical" refers to the strong vertical painting, and it is not the meaning of vertical. According to the glyph, it can be oblique, can be straight, can be curved, and can be straight.
Yan Zhenqing, many pagoda tablets
Liu Gongquan Divine Strategy Military Monument
2. Tighten up and loose down
The upper strokes of the glyph are more compact, and the lower parts are more sparse.
Liu Gongquan Xuan Secret Pagoda Stele
Ouyang inquired about Yu Gonggong Wen Yanbo Monument
3. Open up and close down
Mouth characters, or words with flat mouths, such as the bottom of the mountain character, the head of the cursive character, etc., should be slightly wider and lower, and slightly narrower and closed.
4. Put up and down
When the lower part of the word has stretch strokes such as skimming, pinching and long horizontal, the upper structural unit should be tightened; the lower part should be stretched left and right to support the upper part, called "ground load".
Zhao Mengfu Boldness Monument
5. Put up and down
When there is a stretch stroke in the upper part of the word, the lower structural unit should be tightened; the upper part is stretched left and right to cover the bottom, which is called "sky cover".
Chu Suiliang Yanta Sacred Order
6. Stretch left and let go right
In order to make it right, the horizontal painting next to the left side of the word is divided into two segments by the vertical painting, and the left is long and the right is short.
Ouyang inquired Jiucheng Gong Li Quan Ming
7. Left thin and right thick
When multiple vertical drawings are arranged in a word, the left vertical is thinner and the right vertical is thicker.
8. Left short and right long
Where there is a long mouth frame, the left vertical is short and thin, and the right vertical is long and thick.
Yan Zhenqing confessed in a white book
Chijin Shingusa Tomonaga
9. Left and right
The small horizontal between the mouth frame or two longitudinal strokes is generally connected to the left vertical, not the right vertical. If there is a middle vertical through a small horizontal, usually the small horizontal is suspended between the left and right verticals.
Yan Zhenqing's diligent ceremonial monument
10. Small left upper lift
In the left and right structure, when the left is small and the right is large, the left small should be slightly up in the middle of the right larger.
11, right small decline
In the left and right structures, when the right is small and the left is large, the right small is suitable for the left larger one slightly lower in the middle.
12, left narrow right wide
The left ear is narrow and slightly shorter to the right; the right ear is slightly wider and the needle is vertically long to match the left.
13. Hanging left and right
When there are multiple vertical drawings in a word, the left vertical cannot be written as a hanging needle.
14. Look left and right
Pay attention to the shape of the left and right structural units and small strokes, so that they are vivid and closely related.
15. Left and right symmetry
Take the middle and vertical as the standard, and coordinate the length, height, width and narrowness of the left and right strokes to seek balance.
Zhao Mengfu Qiu Yi's tombstone inscription
16. Surrounded by lower left and upper left
When the interior is slightly left-leaning or lower-left, the internal structure should be written slightly to the right, so that the center of gravity of the whole word is in the grid.
Yan Zhenqing Yan Qinli Monument
17. Upper right encirclement
The interior is slightly left and the upper right is surrounded, and the internal structural unit should be written slightly to the left, so that the center of gravity of the whole word is in the grid.
Ouyang inquired about Lan Tingji
18. Skim low and high
The line between the apostrophe and the tail is a slash (the other left and right dots are written in the same way), which is also related to the oblique.
19. The gap is uniform
When there are many horizontal or vertical arrangements, try to make the upper and lower or left and right gaps even.
20. Hook to center
It is preferable to bend the hook and the horizontal folding hook, and the position of the hook tip is aligned with or close to the structural unit or the centerline of the word.
21. Stable all around
Where the box is a box, the outer box is smooth and square, and cannot be tilted into a parallel four-sided shape.
22. Inner full left
The upper right is surrounded, and the internal structural unit should be written slightly to the left, so that the center of gravity of the whole word is in the grid.
23. No picture bag vertical
When there are no strokes in the mouth, the lower right corner of the mouth frame protrudes horizontally to wrap the vertical.
Song Huizong 秾芳诗
Wang Xizhi's filial daughter Cao'e Monument
24, there is a picture bag horizontal
When there is a stroke in the mouth, the lower right corner of the mouth frame protrudes vertically to wrap horizontally.
25. Cross centering
The apostrophe intersection should be on the center line of the structural unit or the word.
Zhao Mengfu Six-body thousand-character text
26. Do not repeat
Whenever there are more than two folds, only one stroke needs to be stretched, and the other points are changed.
27. The pen is broken
Although the pen and pen are independent, there is an internal connection between the upper pen and the lower pen, the movement trajectory is natural.
28. Skim tip into the frame
When the willow font is composed of an upper and lower frame, the apostrophe is generally inserted into the frame.
Zhao Mengfu Epitaph of Qiu Yi
29. Adduction and external release
The willow characters are gathered in the middle, and the outer parts of the words are evacuated and released, which is the opposite of the Yan characters.
30. Skim up vertically to the right
In words with vertical and apostrophes, the starting position of the apostrophe is generally on the right side of the vertical.
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