In the history of the Qing Dynasty, there was a huge descendant clan, namely the Borjigit clan, and the Borjigit clan produced a total of six Empresses of the Great Qing, five of whom were from the Mongolian Horqin Department, and the remaining one was Empress Xiao Jingcheng, who was the only Empress Borjigit from the Horqin Clan of the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, she was also the only empress of the Qing Dynasty who was neither the emperor of the dynasty nor the emperor's biological mother.
1. Descendants of Mongolian nobles
Empress Xiao Jingcheng of the Borjigit clan, a Manchurian Zhenglan Bannerman, was born on May 11, 175, 30 years younger than Daoguang, and her father was Hua Liang'a, a member of the Punishment Department.
First of all, let's clarify that Empress Xiaojing belonged to the Qi people (or Manchurian Banner people) and was not the daughter of the nobles of the Mongol League.
One might ask, is there any difference? That's a big difference.
The daughters of the nobles of the Mongol Clan League were of relatively high birth, generally the daughters of a certain prince, they did not need to participate in the draft, but were directly sent to the imperial palace, relatively speaking, the starting point was relatively high, and some even came specifically to be empresses, which was especially common in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, such as the first two empresses of the Shunzhi Emperor (Empress Xiaohuizhang), who were the daughters of nobles from the Mongolian Clan (Horqin).
Unlike the daughters of the nobles of the Mongol confederations, the Flag People were required to participate in the draft and were married by the Emperor to be intermarried within the Banner. Even though Empress Xiaojing was ethnically Mongol, her ancestors had long been in the flag (Manchurian Blue Banner), so she was no different from other flag girls.
Although Xiao Jing belongs to the flag girl, her birth is not as good as the first two empresses of Daoguang (Xiao Mu and Xiao Shen), of course, few people can cover these two, but Xiao Jing's family lineage is still quite good, at least, better than Xiao Quan.
It is said that Xiao Jing's ancestors came from Yuan Zhaozong (the second emperor of the Northern Yuan), and his distant ancestor was the famous Dayan Khan of the Ming Dynasty, who had a grandson named Sonom, who was the son of the Ulut Tribe Belle Qilun Sanayin, who was incorporated into the Manchurian Zhenglan Banner in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, and he was the ninth ancestor of Empress Xiaojing.
After entering the flag, Sonom had a viscount (gong, hou, bo, zi, male), but it was not the branch of Empress Xiaojing who inherited the title, but the descendants of Empress Xiaojing's grandfather's uncle, who belonged to Xiaozong in the family, and the family members mainly held military positions such as counselors and governors in the banner.
Empress Xiaojing's great-grandfather, named Xingde, was a qianlong twenty-one-year-old man, who later became a Taoist official, and was posthumously awarded the title of Third Rank Cheng'en Duke for filial piety. Xingde had seven sons, the second son, Kunshan Guanzhi Yuanwailang, who was posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Cheng'en of the Third Rank, who was Empress Xiaojing's grandfather.
Empress Xiaojing's grandfather Kunshan had two younger brothers, Eshan and Chengshan (Xiaojing's uncle), both of whom were born into jinshi, and later Eshan's son Baoqian also won the jinshi, thus forming the door of the Keju family.
Xiao Jing's grandfather Kun Shan had two sons, Hua Liang'a and Yue Xing'a, the first of whom was Hua Liang'a,the father of Empress Xiaojing. Although Hua Liang'a only succeeded in serving as a foreign minister, he married the daughter of the Iron Hat King (Yongxi the Prince of Su) and became the county lord.
In addition, Empress Xiaojing also had a sister who was married to Sun Zailing, the fifth prince of Chengyin County. Xiao Jing also had three cousins in the next room, married into the Su King's Mansion, and was a descendant of Hauge, the eldest son of Emperor Taiji.
Everyone can find that by the generation of Empress Xiaojing's father, Hua Liang'a, he has begun to marry the clan, and it is not surprising that Xiaojing can be selected for the court.
2. The great Qing concubine with five dragon fetuses
At the beginning of the fifth year of Daoguang, the second Eight Flags Draft since Daoguang succeeded to the throne was staged, and in this draft, only one showgirl was successfully selected, and she was the Borjigit clan (Empress Xiaojing), the daughter of The Manchurian Blue Flag Hua liang'a. In April of the same year, the 13-year-old Borzigit clan entered the palace and was given the title of Jing Guiren.
The Eight Flags Draft is held every three years, and in the first 17 years of Daoguang's succession, there was no time left behind, and all the showgirls were selected to enter the court. For example, in the Eight Flags Draft in the second year of Guangguang, four showgirls were selected, namely quan concubines, mu guiren, xianggui people and precious people. Why was Daoguang so anxious to choose a concubine?
There must be a reason.
It was said that at that time, Daoguang was already a middle-aged man in his forties, but he only had one son, that is, Yiwei, the eldest son of the emperor born to Concubine He. Moreover, Daoguang did not have much good feelings for this eldest son, so Daoguang very much hoped that these newcomers who had been elected to the palace could open up for themselves.
Obviously, the Borjigit clan (孝静), who was chosen to enter the palace, was the woman who met Daoguang's expectations.
In October of the sixth year of Daoguang, the Borjigit clan, who had only been in the palace for one year, gave birth to the second son of the Emperor Daoguang and named him Yi gang. Before giving birth to Yi gang, the Borjigit clan had already been promoted to the title of Jing Concubine, and after giving birth to Yi Gang, Dao Guangyi was happy and promoted the Borjigit clan to Jing Concubine, at this time the Borjigit clan was only 15 years old.
Jing Concubine Book:
"Only the six houses serve." Pepper Tu Hua Zuo Yu Kun Yuan, Jiu Yu Yang Xin, Zhi Ling En Fu Xun Shun. Both the virtue of the book, the favor of the fate. Erjing nobleman Borjigit clan, Roujia Bingfan, Shushen Zhen. Praise and elegance, shine and cooperate. Hui Yin Yun Rank, Hui Wei's Silkworm Weaving Mi Qin; Yi Zhi Qin Shi. Xuandian no Luan Chapter contains tin. He hereby honored the empress dowager and made Jin Feng'er a concubine. Shen Zhi Zhi Zhi Ming, Erqi Zhi Mao Dian, Geng Qi Hui to condense the Xi; Yi Bo Fang type, Pei Lan Fen and Ye Ji. Thanks. ”
JingFei Book:
"Nothing but the jade is in trouble." The Light of the Six Palaces Zhao Yi Zhai, Tong Guan Yang Hui; the Nine Imperial Zan Ju Lin Zhi Hua, Rou Jia Ke Bei, Rong Yu Si Award. Concubine Borjigit clan of Zhi'er Jing, Lan Hui Bingxin, Shu Jingdu, Yao Basket Zuojie. Entering the Sang Pavilion is blessed with Xuanqin, Jian Tenghua, and Shu Xuan. Hereby honors the Emperor and Empress Dowager Ci, jin feng'er as jing concubine, and the book of tin seals. Erqi only has a maodian and a beautiful wind; the style is full of ferns. The virtue of Yimao's fragrance. Thanks. ”
However, in the same year that borjigit was promoted to concubine, her second son Yi Gang died of smallpox. The following year, Borzigit conceived a dragon fetus again, this time at four months.
In November of the ninth year of Daoguang, the Borjigit clan gave birth to the third son of the emperor, Yiji, but a month later, Yiji died prematurely. At this point, borzigit's first three pregnancies, the fetus or baby has not been saved, it is estimated that it has a lot to do with borzigit's young age.
In December of the tenth year of Daoguang, the Borjigit clan gave birth again, this time to a princess, that is, the sixth daughter of the emperor, Princess Shou Engulun.
On November 21, 20 years old Borzigit gave birth to the 20-year-old Borjigit clan for the last time, giving birth to the sixth son of the Emperor Yi?, Yi? He was daoguang's best son, and he was prince Gong, who was quite influential in the political circles of the late Qing Dynasty.
It can be seen that since the Borjigit clan was elected to the harem in the fifth year of Daoguang, to the twelfth year of Daoguang, in just seven years, she has conceived a dragon fetus five times and given birth to a crown princess and an empress four times, which can be described as a great contribution to the royal family. However, since Daoguang's eight-year miscarriage, Borzigit's blood deficiency has been manifested, coupled with the subsequent successive births, which have brought great loss to the body, which may be the root cause of Borzigit's early death.
3. The Imperial Concubine of the Sixth Palace
In April of the thirteenth year of Daoguang, Empress Xiaoshen died of illness, and then Daoguang made personnel adjustments to the harem, and Quan Guifei was promoted to imperial concubine, and Jingfei Borjigit was promoted to Jing guifei and became the second lord of the harem of the Qing Dynasty, at this time, the Borjigit clan was only 21 years old, and had already crossed the senior Daoguang concubines such as Concubine Hefei and Tian Concubine.
In this canonization, another woman was promoted, she was shu mulu (tong guifei) who later gave birth to three imperial daughters for Daoguang, and was promoted to tong concubine by tong concubine.
Jing Guifei Album:
"The reign of the First and Second South." Sashi Tsutomu Suilin's transformation, Ban Chong's Nine Emperors. Sublimate the brilliance of Zhai Zhai. Yin Chengsu Shufu rules, Shen Zhi Yi Zhao Fu pawn. Princess Borjigit, mellow and implicit, respectfully holding the bow. Xie Ling is praised in the Psalms, Yi Xiang Ping Algae, Gong Fang type in ritual teaching, degree style Heng Huang. Shu Fan Pi Zhao, Ye Ji Yun Fu Yan Xi, Rong Feng Zai Jin, awarded the Grace Lotus Dragon Chapter. He is honored by the Emperor and Empress Dowager Yi and makes her a concubine of Jing Guifei. Erqi Zhu Pei Xuanqin, Mian Vice Hugh called Yu Ziye, Yu Yi praised Jie, Mi Ji Fan Yu Tong Min. Thanks. ”
On the eleventh day of the first month of the twentieth year of Daoguang, Empress Dowager Niuhulu (Empress Xiaoquan) died in the palace of Cheng Jingzhai in the Yuanmingyuan. Subsequently, the Borzigit clan was promoted to imperial concubine and began to preside over the overall situation of the harem:
"Xuan Feng Xuan De, Ji Yi Yun Shigefu Kun Yuan; Engraving Album Engraving Hua, Yi Dian Te Shen Hu Xun Life." Etiquette is not only manifested in Wei Guan, but it is advisable to advance to the lofty level. Style Huan Zhi letter, Zai Yang Hui asked. Erjing Noble Concubine Borjigit, and Shun House, Gentle and Humble Nature. When the palace was the first servant, he was diligent in internal affairs and cooperated with Heng Huang; and the superposition of the Lun Silk was awarded, and the history of the shou nu zhen and the glory flowed. Ke Jin Ke Dun Hu Filial Piety, Xuan Dian Chenghuan, Kuan Ren Yu Zhao Fu Jia Xiang, Lan Xuan Yu Xiu. Be careful with the dream, the glory of the elephant costume for a long time, the new honor of Hua Xuan, and the color of the Dragon Chapter. At the behest of the Empress Dowager, hereby make Baofeng'er the Imperial Concubine. Erqi sincerely loves and respects. Yizhan winter, warm summer, Qing Zhi Chen; De Shu Su Yan, with the rule of The Food and Clothing. Rate the six houses and praise, Pi Shu Fang type; prepare the four virtues to hang the mold, Yong Zi boudoir help. Only to inherit the honor of life, honor Hongxi. Thanks. ”
At that time, the fourth son of the Emperor Xiaoquan, Yixuan (Xianfeng), was only ten years old, so the heavy responsibility of raising Yixuan fell to the Borzigit clan.
However, later, in Xianfeng's book posthumously honoring the Borjigit clan as empress, there is a relevant description of "fifteen years of defiance", that is, the Borjigit clan may have been Yixuan's adoptive mother in the fifteenth year of Daoguang, and Yixu's birth mother, Empress Xiaoquan, was still alive at that time.
Since the Borjigit clan was promoted to imperial concubine, she moved from the Yonghe Palace to the Zhong pu palace where Xiao Quan lived before his death, and in December of the 25th year of Daoguang, a beating incident occurred in the Borjigit clan.
It is said that in December of the twenty-fifth year of Daoguang, a new palace girl named Erniu had come to the Borzigit clan, and this eryi had just come to the Borzigit clan for more than ten days, and then had a verbal altercation with another palace girl, Xiufeng, and scratched Xiufeng's face.
It is said that in the year before Empress Xiaoquan's death (the nineteenth year of Daoguang), there was also an incident of beating the palace maid. At that time, Xiao Quanren beat up a palace maid and drove her out of the palace.
After Daoguang knew about it, he was furious, and even issued an edict to deprive Empress Xiaoquan of her harem power, and there was no following for the incident of The Borjigit clan beating the palace maiden, which shows that at the end of Xiaoquan's life, the relationship between her and Daoguang was still somewhat tense:
"The eunuchs who served as ministers of military aircraft, and eunuchs who were in charge of the Yuanmingyuan Yuanyuan in the inner hall of the Qianqing Palace knew about it. There are no two days. The king of the earth. There is no two masters in the family. There is no difference between them. Thereafter, no matter the size of the official or private affairs. There are those who should know the queen. Except for the affairs of the four princesses of the four brothers of the main palace. The rest are played first. The Queen encountered an incident of intercourse. It is also played. Waiting for the execution. If not. Once exposed. It was decided that the chief eunuch and the minister of internal affairs would be given a heavier punishment. Never forgive. This decree is to go to the study, the military aircraft department, the internal affairs office, the honor room, and each record a message. Respectfully follow. Always keep the law. ”
4. Empress Kangci who was honored
On the fourteenth day of the first month of the 30th year of Daoguang, Daoguang died in the Shende Hall of the Yuanmingyuan. Subsequently, according to the secret decree, the fourth son of the emperor, YiXuan, succeeded to the throne as the Xianfeng Emperor.
In addition to designating the fourth son of the Emperor Yixuan as the crown prince, there was also an arrangement in the Daoguang Secret Decree, that is, to designate the sixth son of the Emperor Yiyi, born to the Borjigit clan. He was given the title of Prince Gong, which was the only arrangement in the Qing Dynasty to have a prince conferred on the secret decree of the Crown Prince.
We all know, huh? He is the best son of Daoguang, who is both literate and martial, and is quite loved by Daoguang, but he is born of Concubine Shu. Yi Xuan was born to Empress Xiaoquan, who was considered to be the eldest son of Daoguang, and had always been known for his filial piety, which made Daoguang very hesitant.
After some ideological struggle, Daoguang still passed the throne to his son Yixuan, the son born to the woman he loved the most.
After Xianfeng succeeded to the throne, the Borjigit clan was honored as the Noble Concubine of the Kangci Emperor, and moved from the Zhong Pu Palace to the Shou Kang Palace in Qi Chun Garden. Shoukang Palace was originally the residence of Xianfeng's grandmother, Empress Xiaoherui (Empress Gongci), and borjigit's identity was that of the imperial concubine. It can be seen that Xianfeng is raising this adoptive mother with the specifications of the empress dowager, which is very good.
Moreover, because of the Borjigit clan, the Xianfeng Emperor also gave her brother Enling a second-class viscount.
"Hua Zuo Kun Yi, Ling Ze early declaration in Lan Xuan; Li Long Xun ordered, hui yin Nie sowed in pepper tu." 爰考彝章, 式崇顯号。 Imperial Concubine Kangci. Gentle and virtuous, Shu Cautious, and Heng Huang. Waiters dressed in yake, Yi Zhao Gui Bi, style star tucked in with a stream of emblems. Xuan Min's cousin Yi Zan Zhi Qin, Jiu Long En,Tong Guan Xie Zang Jia Zhi Song, Yi Mao Fang type. It is advisable to worship The Honorifics and use the Zhangyi Fan. He is honored as Emperor Kangci's Noble Concubine. Yu Drama, Kang Qiang Feng Ji, Feng Li Zeng Yu Seal Hui; Love for Love, Ling Wen Huan Jin Clay Zigzag. Sincerely. ”
However, Borzigit's health had always been not very good, and by June of the fifth year of Xianfeng, it had reached a state of accumulation and difficulty in returning. On the first day of July, the Xianfeng Emperor decreed that borzigit was made empress dowager of Kangci, and eight days later (that is, the ninth day of the first month of July), the Borjigit clan died at the age of 44.
After the death of the Borjigit clan, Xianfeng held a solemn funeral for her, but when she was crowned empress, she did not have the title of "Cheng" of the Daoguang Emperor, and the tablet did not enter the Taimiao Temple. In this way, the Borzigit clan is not an authentic empress, that is, Xianfeng intends to reduce the status of her adoptive mother Borzigit:
"Chongyi pleaded, and recommended Yu Ce to shen qian; Yi Xing fell into the light." Le Yao letter and documentary. Tracing the cultivation of Cihui, it is reported as Yilong. The great name of the treasure offering is indescribable. Empress Dowager Qin, Empress Dowager Daxing, was a gentle and gentle woman. Hua Valve Zhong Xiang, Prepared Kun Yi and lead; Pepper coating positioning. Xiang Neizhi is known for his proclamation. For more than twenty years, the emperor has been an examiner, and his deference has always been evident in the past; he has been flouting for fifteen years. Enchenk is comparable to what he was born. Godly Thoughts of The Kindness of The Restoration. The mother is not shy. Nie Zhan is a ceremony of reverence; The ascension to the throne of Li Longfu was reckless, and Fang Ji Ci Washu. Long inherit the joy of the day of love, when the immortals rise to the occasion. The feeling of holding on to the frost is beyond reach. Yong Mu Mi Shen, Si Yi Fan to survive. Permitted by the daimyo, filial piety and suppleness, Shu Xian Gong Gong Zhi Yi, Jing Xie An Zhen. The degree of Nie Biao Heng Huang, the four seas xi kang sui of the order, the type of the six palaces of mercy and favor. Clan Society Condensation. The Bang family is yanqing, the words are salty, and the good is in line with the same. Sincerely, Congratulations on the Honorable Title, Known as Xiao Jing Kang Ci Bi Tianfu Holy Empress. In the play, the engraving is red and radiant, and it is called the beauty of Italon; the engraving of the treasure book and the yangfen, and the slight display of reverence. Fu Ji Ci Ling silently blessed, Jia De Wei Xin. The canon is always new, and the yi chapters are equally important; the long name is eternally cooperative, and the billions are infinite. Prepare the instrument, Maochang Jingzuo. Sincerely. ”
Of course, Xianfeng's move does not mean that he has a bad relationship with his adoptive mother, everything is Prince Gong Yi, the son of the Chong Borjigit clan? After borzigit's funeral, XianFeng ordered Yi to be dismissed. All duties, only to stay in the upper study to study. After that, the Xianfeng Emperor died, Yi? Always excluded from the supreme ruling clique, even in the list of auxiliary ministers of the emperor, there was no Yi Yi. name.
Why?
XianFeng grew up with his younger brother Yi? Growing up together, huh? The birth mother Borjigit is also Xianfeng's adoptive mother, and the two can be said to be as close as brothers, but when they grow up, as long as they are contaminated with politics, everything has changed.
In Daoguang's later years, Yi? It is a potential threat to the status of Xianfeng's heirs, after Xianfeng succeeds to the throne, if the Borjigit clan is again honored as the empress dowager, this will pose a threat to the imperial power of Xianfeng, which is why Xianfeng has not respected the Borjigit clan as the empress dowager. Therefore, XianFeng has always excluded this younger brother who is a threat to himself from the center of power, which is the power trick of politicians.
On the first day of October in the fifth year of Xianfeng, the Xianfeng Emperor ordered that the family of Empress Xiaojing Borjigit be carried from the Manchurian Zhenglan Banner to the Manchurian Zhenghuang Banner. On April 20 of the seventh year of Xianfeng, Empress Xiaojing was buried in MuDongling.
On July 17, 1111, The Xianfeng Emperor died of illness at the Chengde Summer Resort, and the two empresses joined forces with Prince Gong Yi. A coup d'état was launched to eliminate the eight ministers designated by Xianfeng before his death, and then, the era name was changed to Tongzhi, and the empress dowager of the two palaces began to bow to the government.
Prince Gong Yi? In order to stabilize the political situation, the empress dowager of the two palaces issued an edict in the name of the Tongzhi Emperor. The birth mother Borjigit's courtesy name was followed by the Emperor of Daoguang, and the tablet was elevated to the Taimiao Temple. If so, the title of empress of the Borzigit clan is authentic. Later, after Guangxu and Xuantong Emperor Jia, the final title of borjigit was: Xiaojing Kangciyi Zhaoduan HuiZhuangren and Shenbi Tianfu Shengcheng Empress.
Zichen said:
Empress Xiao Jingcheng can be said to be the most special empress in the history of the Qing Dynasty, she is neither the empress of the Daoguang Emperor, nor the biological mother of the Xianfeng Emperor, but the only empress dowager to be honored as the emperor's adoptive mother. She entered the harem at the age of 13 and gave birth to children for the thin Daoguang four times, which can be said to be a veritable Daoguang pet concubine.
Moreover, at the last moment of her life, her adopted son Xianfeng honored her as the empress dowager, which was a wish for many years, and she did not leave the world with regrets, and her life was already very complete. If I had to find some flaws, it was her son Yi? He failed to inherit the throne of the Qing Dynasty, and was under the control of others all his life.
References: Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Records of Emperor Wenzong of the Qing Dynasty, Eight Banners of Tongzhi, Xingyuan Jiqing