In the Qing Dynasty, there were many "prisoners" whose verdicts read: "Exile Ningguta." ”
Where is Ninguta today? It is in the northeast of China, heilongjiang. It is recorded that in the eight years of Ming Xuande, once a family committed crimes and was exiled to the northeast region of our country, more than one hundred and seventy people were in a vast land, adults led children, children held children, with shackles, walked thousands of miles, one hundred and twenty people died on the road, accounting for two-thirds of the total number, and only fifty people were left to reach the destination.
Wu Zhaoqian, a Qing Dynasty poet known as the "Three Phoenixes of Jiangzuo" and "Poet of Biansai", was exiled to Ninggu pagoda for more than twenty years.
Wu Zhaoqian, a poet of the early Qing Dynasty, was born in the fourth year of Ming Chongzhen's family in Jiangsu Province. Rarely talented, he can compose poetry at the age of nine. In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi's science field case, innocent and tired, he was sent to Ninguta.
In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), Wu Zhaoqian said in the letter of the "Book of Parents",
From the beginning of spring to the middle of April, the wind is like thunder and lightning, the rain from May to July is continuous, the snow is heavy in mid-August, and the river is frozen in early September. When the snow reaches the ground, it becomes solid ice, and there is snow for thousands of miles. "
Here one is cold, the other is bitter. The weather was very bad, from early spring to mid-April, strong winds and thunder, wind and sand, no one could be seen within a foot. May to July is rainy, wet and cold. In August, it snows heavily, and in September, the rivers freeze, and the snow falls to the ground into ice, and the vast expanse is covered with snow.
Exiled people live in a cold and freezing environment and have no freedom at all. Wu Zhaoqian recorded the situation of the "Guanzhuang people" working at that time:
"They are all skinny, all year round, not farming, or laying sieges, burning lime, burning charcoal, and not having half a moment of free time."
It is conceivable that the emaciated exiles will not be able to rest for a moment, either doing this or doing that work, busy and busy, in a hurry.
As a cultural person, Wu Zhaoqian was treated with courtesy and hired as a tutor, and his treatment slowly improved. Fortunately, thanks to his friend Gu Zhenguan's best efforts to rescue him, he received the help of Naran Zhide, the son of the prime minister at that time, and others, and finally was able to return to the dynasty, and after returning, he died only three years later.
If a woman is exiled and has gone through all kinds of hardships to reach her destination, it is even more difficult.
The famous passage "The Land of the Exiles" describes the following:
When they arrived in the penal colony, these slaves were assigned to their masters, and some men were selected to change horses, and the best treatment was to work as coolies in the so-called "official villages".
The scene of the exiled Jiangnan woman drawing water is as follows:
"Spring is the end of the day, the frost and snow wells are like mountains, the barefoot single-clothed sad shoulders, the lawless, all of whom are of chinese wealth and wealth."
Come and see the scene of these poor, exiled Jiangnan women drawing water: on a cold day, barefoot on the edge of a well full of frost and snow, wearing a single robe to draw water, shivering, wailing all over the field, its miserable condition makes the scalp tingle.
The so-called armored people mostly refer to captured prisoners of war or people after surrender, whose status is lower than that of ordinary soldiers and slaves, and their role is to guard the frontier for the Qing Dynasty.
The Manchu Qing Eight Banners system "unified the army with the banner and the people with the banner", ploughing the fields and hunting in peacetime, and wearing armor in wartime. Flag people can be subdivided into three types: "Aha", "Phi Jia", and "Flag Ding". Ahado was a Han and Korean; the Phi Phi were higher in status than Aha, who surrendered or were captured prisoners; and Qiding was a Jurchen with the highest status.
In order to stabilize them, the Qing court would often distribute some exiles to them, one was to give them welfare, and the other was to punish the offenders.
The condition of the armored man himself is such that he is enslaved, humiliated, or tortured by him, and his situation can be imagined.
The Lü Liuliang family, Yang Yue, Yang Bin father and son in Zhejiang, and the Southern family exiled for generations, such as the Gongqian and Fang Xiaobiao families in Anhui, played a great cultural role in the northeast.
Although being exiled is a great shame and sorrow for this family, on another level, they have made a continuous contribution to the development of the Northeast, bringing with them methods and technologies, and bringing with them advanced and civilized.
They were exiles and "natives" who sowed the seeds of hope in a barbaric land like Ninguta.