The Penghu Reform Law was an important political reform movement in china's modern history. At first, with the strong support of the Guangxu Emperor, the reformists carried out the change of law to the whole country with the momentum of fire, but it was only one hundred and three days after the change was implemented before it suddenly died, which was really regrettable. For many years, it has been believed that empress dowager Cixi staged a coup d'état and placed the Guangxu Emperor under house arrest due to Yuan Shikai's whistle-blowing, which led to the failure of the Pengcheng Reform. The six gentlemen of the pentagram blood vegetable market mouth. However, is this the case?
Why did the Reformers choose to conspire with Yuan Shikai?
On June 11, 1898, the Guangxu Emperor promulgated the "Ming Ding Guo Is" Zhao Shu, announcing the implementation of the law change throughout the country. Immediately afterward, the Guangxu Emperor issued hundreds of edicts to change the law. Because the change of law touched on the vested interests of the conservative faction, it was strongly obstructed by the conservative faction.
In order to oppose the restorationists, the conservative faction petitioned Empress Dowager Cixi to kill Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, and other reformers, and knelt down to ask Empress Dowager Cixi to depose the Guangxu Emperor and bow to the government. In order to control the overall situation, Empress Dowager Cixi forced the Guangxu Emperor to issue three consecutive numashus and control the military and political power in the Beijing-Tianjin region.
Soon, word began to circulate in the capital that Empress Dowager Cixi was preparing to launch a coup d'état and depose the Guangxu Emperor. For example, the Guangxu Emperor, who was sitting on a needle felt, secretly instructed Yang Rui, Kang Youwei, and others: "Recently, I have been looking up to the emperor and empress dowager's holy will, and I am unwilling to change the law completely, and I do not want to depose the old and mediocre ministers of this generation, but deng uses heroic and accessible people to make them discuss politics, thinking that they are afraid of losing people's hearts." Although the skin has repeatedly lowered the will and straightened out, and there are several things to be said at any time, the holy will is firm, and in the end it is afraid that it will not help. That is, as on the nineteenth day of the visit, the empress dowager already thought that it was too heavy, so she had to try to do so, and this situation has been really difficult recently. Lian Yi did not know that China was weak and weak, and as for the dangers, they were all mistaken by this generation, but they would certainly want to change the old law once they painfully surrendered, and if they deposed those who were faint in this generation, the power of the degeneration was really insufficient. If so, then the joint position can not be guaranteed, let alone others? Now I asked Ru, what is the best strategy, the old law can be completely changed, the old and faint ministers can be deposed, and the brave and well-versed people who have ascended to the throne will make them discuss the government, so that China can turn the crisis into safety, turn the weak into the strong, and not have the holy will? Er and others, Lin Xu, Tan Sitong, Liu Guangdi, and other comrades and other comrades made proper and expeditious consultations, and secretly sealed the music, and the military aircraft minister handed it over on his behalf, and waited for the examination office to be carefully considered, and then handled it. I was very anxious and waiting, Teyu. ”
The Guangxu Emperor was well aware that Empress Dowager Cixi was "unwilling to change the law as much as possible", and also deeply felt that "the position could not be guaranteed", so he sought countermeasures from Kang Youwei and others. After Kang Youwei and the others received the secret instructions, they held their heads and cried bitterly. After some secret negotiations, they decided to preemptively launch a change in advance, ordering Yuan Shikai to kill Rong Lu and send Bi Yongnian to lead troops to surround the Summer Palace and kidnap Empress Dowager Cixi.
Why did the reformists choose to let Yuan Shikai participate in the coup? On the one hand, it was because the coup d'état required the support of a strong army, and on the other hand, it was because Yuan Shikai was closer to the reformists. At that time, Yuan Shikai was ordered to supervise the training of the new army at the Small Station in Tianjin. Militarily, like the Reformers, the Wanshikai advocated changing the law and learning from the West. When Kang Youwei went to the fourth office, the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau and the Ministry of Works were unwilling to deliver it on their behalf, and Wan Shikai took the initiative to help deliver it through the Military Affairs Office. The Reformers lacked funds when they founded the Qiang Society, and Wan Shikai once "collected five hundred donations and raised more than a thousand gold from various places." Kang Youwei believed that "Yuan was inclined to me even", so he repeatedly recommended Yuan Shikai to the Guangxu Emperor.
At the recommendation of Kang Youwei, the Guangxu Emperor promoted Yuan Shikai to the rank of Erpin alternate waiter. When Emperor Guangjie summoned Yuan Shikai, he once said to Yuan Shikai: "Everyone says that the soldiers you train and the school you run are very good, and you can do your own thing with Ronglu after that!" Yuan Shikai was originally hand-pulled by Rong Lu, but at this time the Guangxu Emperor wanted to tell Yuan Shikai to make a clear line with Rong Lu and use it for him.
During the restorationist conspiracy to "encircle the garden", Kang Youwei told Bi Yongnian that "Yuan is extremely useful." I have already got his permission," and showed Bi Yongnian the letter that Yuan Shikai had written to him. In the letter, Wan Shikai thanked Kang Youwei for recommending him to the Guangxu Emperor, and also said that if he needed help, he would "go to the tang and fight the fire, and he would not quit."
During the restorationists watching the Guangxu Emperor's secret edicts, Xu Shichang, a confidant of The Decline Ofkai, was also present. It can be seen that the Restoration Party has great trust in Yuan Shikai, so Yuan Shikai will become the best candidate they choose.
Tan Sitong conspired with Yuan Shikai in the Fahua Temple
Although for many years Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao have been very secretive about the "siege of the garden after the disaster", and even denied that they had planned to "encircle the garden and rob the queen", many recent evidences are enough to prove that the reformists did indeed have a plot to "encircle the garden and rob the queen".
According to Yuan Shikai's "Diary of Wu Shu", on the night of September 18, 1898, Yuan Shikai was writing a song in the inner room of the Fahua Temple, when Tan Sitong suddenly visited. Tan Sitong claimed to have an important matter with him, so Yuan Shikai withdrew from his servants and welcomed Tan Sitong into the inner chamber.
Tan Sitong said to Yuan Shikai straight away: "Yuan Gong was promoted out of the ordinary, presumably he must have understood Entu Bao." Now the emperor has great difficulties, and only Yuan Gong can save him!
Yuan Shikai was shocked and asked, "We in the Yuan family have received the emperor's favor for generations, and we should have tried our best to repay it, not to mention that now we have received such a heavy reward, we dare not be careless!" I just don't know what the emperor's big difficulties are now? ”
Rong Lu had already suggested to the empress dowager that he intended to depose and kill the emperor! Doesn't Yuan Gong know? ”
"During my conversation with Rong Xiang in Tianjin, I looked at the color of his words and did not find that he had this intention, presumably it was a rumor from the outside world!"
Yuan Gong acted brightly and honestly, but he did not know that Rong Lu was cunning and cunning, and on the surface he had a very good relationship with Yuan Gong, but he was jealous in his heart. Yuan Gong has worked hard for many years, admired by Both Chinese and foreign countries, and last year he was only promoted to one level, in fact, because he was suppressed by Rong Lu! Mr. Kang has recommended Yuan Gong in front of the emperor many times, and the emperor said, 'Listen to the empress dowager and Rong Lu often say that Yuan Shikai is flying on his shoulders and cannot be reused', and I have also tried to protect Yuan Gong in front of the emperor many times, and Yuan Gong can be promoted this time, we have worked hard! Tan Si turned sharply with his words, "If Yuan Gong is sincere in rescuing the emperor, I have a plan to discuss with Yuan Gong!" ”
Then, Tan Sitong took out a piece of paper, which read: "Rong Mou abolished the emperor, the great rebellion is not the way, if it is not removed quickly, the upper position cannot be guaranteed, that is, life cannot be guaranteed." Yuan Shikai asked for training on the fifth day of the first month, asked Zhu Yu to face him, and ordered him to take his troops to Tianjin, see Rong Mou, read out Zhu Yu's edict, and immediately straighten out the Fa. That is, Yuan Moudai was the direct governor, passed on the instructions to the subordinates, and hung up notices. The announcement of Rong's major rebellion, that is, the ban on the railway of the Electricity Bureau. Quickly carry Yuan's troops into Beijing, send half of them to surround the Summer Palace, half guard the palace, and personnel can be determined, such as not listening to the policies of the ministers. That is, to die in front of him. ”
After Yuan Shikai read it, his face changed drastically, and when he woke up, he quickly asked Tan Sitong, "Why do you want to surround the Summer Palace?"
Tan Sitong explained: "If you don't kill this old decay, the country cannot be protected!"
Yuan Shikai thought that this move was not feasible, but Tan Sitong insisted: "I hired dozens of good men and gathered many people in Hunan, and I will reach the capital in a few days!" As for killing the empress, I can do it myself, don't bother Yuan Gong! Yuan Gong only needed to kill Rong Lu and surround the Summer Palace! If you don't say yes, I'll die in front of you immediately. Your life is in my hands, and my life is in your hands. You have to make a decision tonight!
Yuan Shikai hesitated, and Tan Sitong took out the Guangxu Emperor's secret edict, coupled with a threat, and Wan Shikai reluctantly agreed.
The Diary of The Pentagram is after the failure of the Pentagram Transformation. The "supplementary notes" of His loyalty to Empress Dowager Cifu were not objectively recorded, but the theme of the secret talks, "After the Siege of the Garden", was recognized by historians. Thank you for paying attention to the small editor "Sun Moon Morning Cloud", your attention to like comments is the greatest support for me, thank you.