The Spring and Autumn Warring States, the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms are all famous periods of great turmoil and great division in China's history. Since King Ping of Zhou moved the capital and established the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou royal family has ceased to be the "co-lord of the world", the princes have risen, the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons, the Warring States Seven Heroes, and the world has entered a period of division; at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han Tianzi declined, and Liu Mu's relatives were no longer able to fulfill the decision set by Liu Bang, the emperor of Gaozu."
Not the King of the Liu Clan, the whole world strikes together
"The Alliance of the White Horse, The Wei Emperor Cao Pi forced Emperor Xian of Han to give up Emperor Chan Rang and established Cao Wei after the death of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but unfortunately the good times did not last long."
Sima Zhao's heart is well known to passers-by
Sima Zhao's son Sima Yan deposed Emperor Yuan of Wei and established himself, Cao Wei died and prospered in the Western Jin Dynasty, but the good times did not last long, the world changed again, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in civil strife and the north and south rose up; and the Tang Dynasty, which had been unified hard, was once again in chaos in the Central Plains after its demise, and after five generations and ten kingdoms, it was not until the Song Dynasty that it was reunified. So what are the similarities and differences between these three periods of division?
One
The general trend of the world will be divided for a long time
In the past, the king of Zhou You, who had no way, smiled for Bo Pet Ji, and played with the princes of the Beacon Fire, and waited until Inuyasha really came to the rescue, and no princes came to the rescue, and Western Zhou perished. Since the king of Zhou Ping moved the capital and the establishment of Eastern Zhou, Zhou Tianzi was no longer the "co-lord of the world" who accepted the worship of the princes, and the Zhou royal family was powerless to restrict the princes of all walks of life from becoming bigger and stronger, so more than a hundred princes attacked each other, and even the first generation of "ally lords" Qi Huangong was also acting as the son of heaven under the guise of "Honoring the King". After four generations of overlords, when the "three families were divided into jin" and the seven heroes competed for hegemony, Zhou Tianzi was like a decoration, and he had to sit and wait for death and did not dare to act.
In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Ling of Han fainted and reused traitors, and after the Yellow Turban Rebellion, He Jin's seizure of power, Dong Zhuo's entry into Beijing, and other events, the world was finally divided into three points, Wei Shu and Wu stood on three feet, and Cao Cao even held Emperor Xian of Han hostage.
"Obey the Son of Heaven and order not to be subordinate"
。 However, Cao Cao still did not complete the mission of unifying the world, and the task was handed over to his son Cao Pi, but Sima Zhao launched the War of Annihilation of Shu and spied on the throne, and his son Sima Yan abolished Emperor Yuan of Wei and established himself, with the name of the state Jin, known as the Western Jin Dynasty, and through the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Since the beginning of the tang dynasty and the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms were another period of feudal and political turmoil in the history of our country, and the five dynasties were "Zhu Lishi Liu Guo, Liang Tang Jin Han Zhou", they were the various feudal towns that established themselves after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, and although the five Central Plains regimes that were replaced in turn were powerful, they were unable to control the entire country. Some of the other feudal towns that divided each side established themselves as emperors, and some were enthroned as Zhengshuo, and ten of them, which lasted for a long time and were called kings or emperors, were called "Ten Kingdoms" by later scholars. It can be seen that the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms had the same background environment as the Spring and Autumn Warring States, the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties: the Son of Heaven was powerless to control the princes, and the princes were unable to replace them, which made the country in a state of division for a long time.
Two
In spite of the chaos, the fire of civilization has not been extinguished
Although these three eras were in a chaotic world, scholars of later generations can find from many historical records that in these periods of great social turmoil, not only did agriculture increase its income every year, but also the golden period of cultural and political development, such as the "Hundred Sons and Hundred Families" of the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, the culture of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties had distinct national characteristics, and a large number of scientific and technological documents preserved by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. They all provided many suggestions and opinions for the implementation of policies after the reunification of the later dynasties.
Three
The length of the partition is not less than that of a dynasty
The three eras also have a common point, that is, the duration is long, the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, the war of the princes for hegemony and annexation lasted for more than two hundred years; in the more than three hundred and sixty years from Wei to Sui, more than thirty large and small dynasties alternately rose and fell; five generations existed for fifty-three years, and ten kingdoms existed for seventy-seven years. The duration of the three is long, the time for the world to not be at war is short, the lives of the central plains are ruined, and the people are fighting and mourning for a long time.
Having said the same, let's talk about the difference between the three:
First, Zhou Tianzi has no real name, but the Eastern Zhou royal family is still there
After the King of Zhou Ping moved east, the jurisdiction was greatly reduced, like a small country, The Western Zhou was also broken by the Dog Rong, the face of the Zhou royal family was greatly damaged, the sum of the two was the main reason why the Eastern Zhou Tianzi could not bear the responsibility of co-ownership, but the princes competed for hegemony, although they did not put the Zhou Room in their eyes, but still did not dare to easily express their idea of "replacing", one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, king Chu Zhuang led the army to defeat the Jin army, drinking horses on the Yangtze River, asking the envoys of the Zhou Tianzi for the weight of the crown, there was a great potential to seize the Zhou Dynasty, but the eloquent Wang Sun Man said that "although the Zhou Room is weakened, But the Mandate of Heaven has not changed, and the weight of Baoding cannot be asked! "Interrupted King Chu Zhuang's unkind heart. During the Warring States period, Zhang Yi, a strategist of King Huiwen of Qin, said: "According to Baoding, Antu, the Son of Heaven is blackmailed to make the world, and the world does not dare not listen, and this king also has it." But in the end, King Huiwen of Qin still used Sima Wei's suggestion that "to get Shu is to get Chu". The Eastern Zhou Dynasty has existed for more than five hundred years, and although the name of the Son of Heaven has existed in name only, none of the princes dares to trespass, why? No country can be an enemy of the world. The Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were different, although they were also chaotic, but after the fall of the previous dynasty, they were chaotic because of the division of the feudal towns.
Second, in the pre-Qin dynasty, foreign tribes were slaughtered, and the five generations of foreign tribes in the Wei and Jin dynasties attacked
In the pre-Qin, to the period before the unification of Qin, during the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, although the various princes continued to fight, the suppression of ethnic minorities did not decrease, and Qin originated in the Western Province, and was an enemy of the Western Rong for generations. Yan and Zhao Guang built the Great Wall to intercept the Xiongnu who were moving south, and there was also the King of Zhao Wuling who "rode and shot in Hufu", and the famous general Li Mu defeated the Xiongnu. Jingnan Chu State
"Conquer the South China Sea, Train and Zhu xia"
, either slaughter or conquest.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, when the ethnic minorities were in turmoil in the Central Plains, Chen Bing was in trouble, because the Sima family ruled the country without a way, and the phenomenon of "Five Hu Chaohua" appeared, and during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the north was completely reduced to a paradise of foreign nationalities, and the Han people could only live in the south. Although the five dynasties controlled the Central Plains and Guanzhong regions, the world was in chaos, and the Khitan took the opportunity to attack, often threatening the Han court, and even some foreign countries appeared, such as the Later Tang and Later Jin of the Five Dynasties, and the Liao established by the Khitans. During the Wei and Jin dynasties and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Han people were no longer united, and they were exploited by ethnic minorities, and the status of the Han nationality plummeted, and they were despised by these foreign tribes.
Oh, although the emperor is called "long live", in history, such as the Tang, Ming, Qing and other dynasties that completed the great unification, they only existed for a hundred years, why? The wise and wise of the ancestors rose from the troubles and crossed the horses to level the world; the future generations did not care about the hearts of the country and the people, and perished in the land of happiness. However, "xing, the people suffer, the people suffer, the people suffer", the Spring and Autumn Warring States, the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms all have the role of carrying forward the upper and lower levels, and there have also been Ming Emperors who know how to make good use of them, persuade nongsang, and cultivate the Fa, and still cannot deny that in these eras of great division and great turmoil, how many innocent people have been displaced, or the boys have never returned, or the wives and children have been scattered, and the lessons of the chaotic world should be remembered by my generation.