The evaluation of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, has always been controversial. Even when Liu Bang was alive, people's evaluation of Liu Bang was mixed. Some people say that Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, was a lenient elder. At the same time, some people said that Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, was slow and insulting, and was rude to people.
1. Lenient elders
During the covenant of King Huai, King Huai of Chu hesitated because of who to send to attack Qin, and some of his veteran generals believed that Xiang Yu was a "fierce thief" who could not be sent; only Liu Bang was a "lenient elder" who could be dispatched. Liu Bang thus got the opportunity to enter the fixed pass.
In 206 BC, when Xiang Yu heard that Wang Ling had defected to Liu Bang, he detained Wang Ling's mother to persecute Wang Ling, and Wang Ling's mother said to Wang Ling's emissaries: "For the old concubine Yu Ling, be careful to the King of Han." The king of Han, the elder also, has no old concubines, and holds two hearts. Concubines send messengers to their deaths. "He lay down his sword and died."
Second, slow and insulting
Before Li Shiqi defected to Liu Bang, he entrusted a knight to recommend himself to Liu Bang, and the first thing he said to the knight was "I heard that Pei Gong is slow and easy to change people", and "slow and easy" here means arrogant and despises people. And the knight's answer was also interesting, he said: "Pei Gong is not good at Confucianism, and those who crown the Confucian crown come, Pei Gong dissolves his crown and drowns in it." Talk to people, often scold. Can not be Confucian said also. ”
After Liu Bang's defeat at Pengcheng, he fled to Xingyang, and King Leopard of Wei rebelled against Han and surrendered to Chu on the pretext of visiting relatives. Liu Bang sent Li Shiqi to lobby, and Wei Bao Xie said: "In a lifetime, it is like a white colt passing through the gap. Let the king of Han be slow and insulting, and scold the princes and courtiers like slaves, unless there is a courtesy, I can't bear to see it again. ”
In 202 BC, Liu Bang became emperor and held a celebration party at the Southern Palace of Luoyang, where he said to his courtiers: "The princes will not dare to hide, and they will all say their feelings." Why do I have the world? What is the reason why Xiang Shi lost the world? Gao Qi, Wang Ling, and others replied to Liu Bang's first words as "Your Majesty is slow and insulting."
Third, whether Han Gaozu Liu Bang has a split personality
Leniency and slow insult are two completely different ways of treating people, but we found that these two completely different ways of treating people actually appeared in Liu Bang at the same time. Could it be that Liu Bang has split personality? Apparently not. So, what is the reason why Liu Bang has such a huge attitude contrast in his treatment of people?
1. Why did Liu Bang play a generous elder
Before Liu Bang revolted, he sent a group of apprentices to Lishan as the chief of Pei County. In Fengxize, Liu Bang ordered the disciples to stop, and everyone drank together, and after midnight, he released all the disciples, saying: "Wait for all the servants to go, and I will die from now on!" ”
Liu Bang released his life as an apprentice, and in the eyes of outsiders, Liu Bang was of course a lenient elder. However, the real reason why Liu Bang released his disciples was that on the way liu bang escorted the disciples to Lishan Mountain, many of the disciples fled, and when they arrived at Lishan, these disciples may have all escaped. Liu Bang, who was certainly unable to complete the escort task, said that he was a death, simply acted as a shunshui person, and released the apprentice.
In October of the first year of the Han Dynasty (206 BC), Liu Bang arrived in Guanzhong before the princes, and the prince of Qin "took a white horse, tied his neck to a group, sealed the emperor's seal and runes, and lowered the roadside". All of Liu Bang's generals suggested that Liu Bang kill the Prince of Qin, but Liu Bang said, "The king of Shihuai sent me so that he could be tolerant; and the people have surrendered, and they have killed them, which is ominous." So he handed over the baby to the officials and led his army into Xianyang.
After Liu Bang entered Xianyang, he "agreed on three chapters of the law" with the people of Guanzhong; the Qin people competed for cattle and sheep wine and food to sacrifice to the soldiers, and Liu Bang carried forward the spirit of not taking the masses" of "one needle and one thread", saying: "There are many warehouses and millets, and there is no shortage of people who do not want to spend money." ”
Liu Bang released his children and babies, the three chapters of the Law, and did not take a needle and a thread from the people, not because Liu Bang was a "lenient elder". In doing so, Liu Bang actually had a political purpose, that is, he wanted to win the hearts and minds of the people in Guanzhong.
In March of the second year of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang left Guanzhong and went to Luoyang, and Dong Gongchao, the third old man of Xincheng, said that Liu Bang died as Emperor Yiyi. When Liu Bang heard this, he "cried loudly", ordered the whole army to mourn the Yi Emperor, and sent emissaries to tell the princes: "The world is a common righteous emperor, and the north is doing things." Now Xiang Yu let the Yi Emperor kill in Jiangnan, and there was no way out. The widows are mourned, and the princes are all mused. Xi Fa Guan's internal soldiers, receiving the Three Rivers Soldiers, and the Southern Floating River Han below, willing to kill the Yi Emperor from the princes of Chu. ”
Liu Bang mourned for the Yi Emperor, is this a lenient elder? Nor is it. His purpose was actually to use Xiang Yu's killing of Emperor Yi to make Xiang Yu stink, to compete with Xiang Yu for the right name in the world for himself out of the pass, and to order the princes of the world to jointly fight against Xiang Yu.
2, how Liu Bang is slow and insulting
When Liu Bang was serving as the chief of the pavilion in Pei County, his future father-in-law Lü Taigong came to the Ling family of Pei County to avoid revenge. People with heads and faces in Pei County heard that the county Ling family had come to distinguished guests, "all to congratulate." Liu Bang did not bring a penny, but he lied about "He Wanqian", sat on the upper seat without shame, and "insulted the guests" without scruples during the banquet.
Liu Bang hated Confucianism so much that he not only called him a "vertical Confucian", but also used Hiso's hat as a urinal pot and peed in it. At first, Liu Bang thought that Li Shiqi was also a Confucian student, so while letting the two maids wash their feet for him, he received Li Shiqi and was extremely rude to Li Shiqi.
He was received by Liu Bang while washing his feet and yingbu. Yingbu gave up his position as King of Linjiang and defected to Liu Bang's camp. When he first saw Liu Bang, Liu Bang received him while washing his feet, and did not take Yingbu in his eyes at all, which made Yingbu feel ashamed and remorseful, and almost committed suicide.
In addition, Liu Bang's foul-mouthed scolding was commonplace, and none of his civilian generals except Zhang Liang were spared—even Xiao He and Han Xin were not spared, they had all been scolded by Liu Bang—and the one who was scolded the most by Liu Bang was Princess Lu Yuan's husband, Zhang Er's son Zhang Ao. It was precisely because Liu Bang scolded Zhang Ao too much that Guan Gao secretly planned to assassinate Liu Bang.
Fourth, why Liu Bang is slow and insulting
Why is Liu Bang so slow and insulting? I think there are two main reasons: one is liu bang's nature; the other is Liu Bang's art of taming people.
Liu Bang himself has no cultural attainments, if it were not for the Stormy Society, he would at best be a rogue asshole who worked as a mighty man in Pei County, the boss of the underworld, and he would not pay attention to respect or etiquette in dealing with people. But Liu Bang not only had a big fate, but also a good fate, and the wheel of history pushed him to the forefront of history again and again. However, just as the so-called "jiangshan is easy to change and difficult to move", even if Liu Bang became the Duke of Pei, the King of Han, and the emperor, his jianghu habits were still the same, and "slow and insulting" was reasonable.
However, Liu Bang's characteristics of not paying attention to respect and inferiority and not paying attention to etiquette are not useless, because within the group, Liu Bang, as the boss and does not put up a shelf, is still more or less beneficial to unity. Besides, fighting is kissing and scolding is love, and some generals are occasionally scolded by Liu Bang's boss twice, and may feel that they are treated as their own people by Liu Bang.
Liu Bang scolded people, and there was also a possibility that he was the donkey in the idiom "Poor Donkey Skills". Liu Bang himself admitted: "In the midst of the husband's planning and planning, the decisive victory is thousands of miles away, and I am not as good as the sub-room." The town and the state, care for the people, give rewards, and do not stop grain. I might as well Beaux-Jao. Even with an army of millions, the battle will be won, the attack will be won, and I am not as good as Han Xin. What is even more troublesome is that under Zhang Liang, Xiao He, and Han Xin, there are also a large number of strategists who are full of bad stomachs and bad water, or who can recruit brave soldiers who can fight well.
How do you navigate these people? Swear! As long as they can scold out the momentum and the style, so that these big and small "tigers" around them can't see the depth, they still can't obey and follow him Liu Bang.
As for Liu Bang washing his feet while receiving Li Shiqi and Yingbu, his attitude of being respectful before and after him should also be the art of taming people.
In short, Liu Bang does not talk about the characteristics of respect and inferiority and etiquette, in the eyes of outsiders, there is no shelf, easy-going, plus Liu Bang has Zhang Liang and other top talents to plan for him, take measures to win the hearts and minds of the people, so many people think that Liu Bang is a "lenient elder"; and for those who have worked with Liu Bang for a long time, Liu Bang has become a "slow and insulting person" without paying attention to respect and inferiority and etiquette.