The public number | the history of Hanshan spraying
"History of the Ancient Han Peoples" series
99 weeks of human origin
After decades of recuperation from the late Pan Geng to the early Wuding period, coupled with the popularization of domestic horses and chariots, the national strength of the Shang Kingdom was restored to strength. After that, the Shang army successively conquered the Qifang, the Lost Fang, the Zeus Fang, the Ji Fang, and the Ji Fang. Fang restored control of the Yuncheng Basin and the Linfen Basin.
After taking control of the Yuncheng Basin, the Shang Kingdom reopened the passage between the Shang King Qi (Hanoi) and Guanzhong, and the pro-Shang Fang state in the eastern part of Guanzhong, as well as the Shang people stationed in the western foothills of Lishan, could directly contact Wang Du through the Yuncheng Basin without having to take a detour to Kunhan.
However, at this time, the Shang Kingdom could not fully counterattack Rong Di, because the pro-Shang Fang state in Guanzhong was under threat from foreign enemies and needed the Shang Kingdom's army to help solve it.
This foreign enemy was located in the middle reaches of the Jing River, at the junction of the Guanzhong Basin and the Longdong Plateau, which the oracle bone Bu Ci called "Zhou Fang".
This Zhou Fang is the predecessor of the Zhou Kingdom that destroyed the Shang Dynasty more than 200 years later (counting from the middle of the Wuding Dynasty).
In the legend of the Zhou people, their male ancestors can be traced back to "abandonment". "Abandonment" is born after Jiang Yuan, a woman of the "Tai clan", stepped on the footprints of a giant (a god) and was then conceived. As the ancestor of the Zhou people, "abandoned" was good at running agriculture, and was made a peasant official by the monarch of the Tao Tang clan, called "Hou Ji".
Those who have read the previous article should know that "Hou" is the Xia people's name for the monarch, equivalent to "Wang", and "稷" is the ancient name of corn, and it is also the last word in "Jiangshan Sheji", referring to agriculture.
After the death of Hou Ji, Bu Cave became the leader of the Zhou people. According to the "Records of History", in the last year of bu cave, the Xia dynasty declined, the position of agricultural official of bu cave was abandoned, and he led his people to flee to Rong Di. After that, the Zhou people experienced two generations of leaders, Ju and Gong Liu, returned to agriculture, and settled in the "Feng" land.
Since then, the Zhou people have experienced nine generations of leaders in the land of Qingjie, Imperial Servant, Chafu, Destruction, Gongfei, Gao Yuan, Ya Yuan, Gong Shu Zu Class, and Gong Qi Father. During the reign of Gong Qi's father, Rong Di invaded the land, and the Zhou people, under the leadership of gong father, migrated to Zhou Yuan in the southern foothills of the Qishan Mountains.
After moving to ZhouYuan, the Zhou people were able to avoid the intrusion of Rong Di, calmly exert their expertise, reclaim farmland, and the strength of the tribe was quickly restored, and the father of the gong was posthumously honored as the "King of Tai" by the Zhou people.
After the Taiwang, the Zhou people experienced two generations of monarchs in the Zhou Dynasty, the Ji Calendar and the King of Wen, and then the next thing, that is, the King of Wu destroyed the Shang, which is also well known to all of us.
Here we need to
concern
If the ancestors of the Zhou people really lived in the era of Emperor Yao as the legend says, then by the time of the Shang Zhou, it was more than 1100 years that spanned the entire pre-Xia and Xia Shang eras.
Over the course of more than 1,100 years, the Xia Kingdom experienced 17 monarchs, the Shang Kingdom experienced 31 monarchs, for a total of 48 monarchs, while the Zhou tribe experienced only 14 monarchs. On average time, each monarch of the Zhou people reigned for an average of more than 70 years, which is completely impossible.
There are several explanations for this problem. One is that the Zhou people have experienced a long era of no writing, and the lineage of tribal leaders has only been passed on by word of mouth, and a lot has been missed. This statement is more general, of course, it can explain this problem more generally.
Another theory is that hou ji, the leader of the Zhou people, was not a person from the Time of Emperor Yao, but a person from the end of the Xia Dynasty. After Zhou Ren won the world, he advanced his ancestors by hundreds of years. After Hou Ji's son BuGu succeeded to the throne, the Xia Hou clan declined, which was also the era of Xia's death and Shangxing. Bu Cave fled to rong di, and it was precisely because the Shang people marched west, and the Zhou people were not willing to be ruled by the merchants.
There is also a saying that is much the same as the second. The slight difference is that this statement holds that Ren was indeed a person in the Era of Emperor Yao, but Hou Ji was not a personal name, but a chief title or official title, from Emperor Yao to the end of Xia, Hou Ji's position experienced several generations of Zhou people chiefs.
Both claims make sense, and in the absence of archaeological evidence, we can only say that both possibilities exist. However, even if BuGu was the leader of the Zhou people at the end of the Xia Dynasty, from the western conquest of the Shang Kingdom at the beginning of the Shang Dynasty to the fall of the Shang Kingdom, there were more than 450 years, and the Shang Dynasty experienced 14 generations of 25 Shang kings during this time, while the Zhou people only experienced 13 monarchs.
Obviously, between the 13 monarch lineages of the Zhou people, many monarchs were also missed.
Regardless of the above situation, it is very likely that the cave is not in the late summer and early Shang era. However, there is still controversy about the location of the earliest territory of the Zhou people, Taidi.
One theory is that the Tai of the Ancestral Land of the Zhou People was located in the western part of the central part of present-day Guanzhong, around Wugong County in the western part of present-day Xi'an City, which was called 斄 County in ancient times. One theory is that Taidi was located in the present-day Fenhe Basin (河東) in Shanxi, based on the fact that Houji was a vassal of Emperor Yao, and that there are many legends of Houji in the Hedong area, such as Jishan and Jiting.
The two statements are true and false, and archaeology can corroborate them a little. Archaeology has found that there is a type of pottery in the Pre-Zhou culture (Zhengjiapo type culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Jing River), which is very similar to some pottery in the Hedong type Xia culture of the Xia era (Erlitou culture Dongxia Feng type). It can be confirmed that a part of the Zhou population is from the southwestern Jin region.
But similarly, the pre-Zhou culture also had several types of pottery, from the Zhukaigou culture in the northern Part of the Jin-Shaanxi Plateau and the Liu family culture in the central and western Part of Guanzhong, which makes it impossible to determine whether the "royal nobles" among the Zhou people came from southwestern Jin.
However, later history gives new corroboration. During the era of Wu Ding's great-grandson Wu Yi, the Shang people repeatedly requisitioned a Fang state called "Zhao Fang". Zhao Fang is very close to the Hanoi area where Shang Wang Qi is located, probably in the central shanxi region. Under the suppression of the Shang state, Zhao Fang was forced to migrate west and defected to the Zhou state with the same surname as them. Zhao Gongyi, who ascended to the historical stage in the later period of King Wen and eventually became the ancestor of the Yan Kingdom, was a descendant of the nobles of Zhaofang.
Because zhaofang was once relatively close to the Shang country, it was greatly influenced by the Shang culture. For example, the Japanese name that merchants used to use to distinguish by tiangan, such as A and B, as a descendant of the summoner, was still in use in the early days of the division into Yan land. For example, the bronze inscription appears in the "Summoning Uncle Xin" and so on.
That is to say, zhao guo and the zhou state were both ji surnamed Fang guo, at the end of the summer and the beginning of the Shang dynasty, the merchants marched west, and the Ji clan was divided into two, some of which fled to the north side of Guanzhong, the middle reaches of the Jing River Valley, and some fled to central Shanxi, close to the Shang King. In this way, the earliest Clan of the Ji surname is most likely from the Southwest Jin region between the two places.
If combined with the above mentioned pottery type association, then the possibility of the Zhou people's royal family originating in southwest Jin is very large. And the ancestral land of the Zhou people, Tai, is located in the southwest of Jin, which is the most likely.
In this way, our inferences coincide with the description in the section "Western Expedition of the Shang Kingdom" above.
BC
151
Around 0 years later, during the reign of King Da Geng of the Shang Dynasty, because the Central Plains were peaceful and stable, the population of the Shang nobles increased, and the demand for salt and bronze raw materials increased, the purpose of the Western Expedition to the Fenwei Basin was to control the copper and tin mines in the Zhongtiao Mountains and Qinling Mountains, as well as the salt ponds (Xiechi) in the Yuncheng Basin.
In the course of the Shang's western expedition, the Ji clan living in southwestern Jin was unwilling to submit to the Shang, so they split in two and moved away from their homeland. The Northern Branch summoned the Fang first lineage, fled to the Jinzhong area, and the Southern Branch Zhoufang first lineage fled to the Guanzhong Basin.
Eventually, the Shang conquered the eastern part of Guanzhong, and the Zhou continued to flee under the leadership of their leader Bu Cave. At this time, the central and western parts of Guan were the territory of the "Jiang Rong" (Jiang Rongren) under the Liu family culture, and the Zhou people could only migrate northwest along the Jing River and enter the middle reaches of the Jing River.
Located in the area of present-day Binzhou and Xunyi Counties, it was the junction of the Longdong Plateau and the Guanzhong Basin. Here is the west of the Thousand Mountains, the east of the Bridge Mountain, between the two mountains there is a section of Taiyuan area, the terrain is slightly flat, and close to the water source, suitable for agricultural farming. In ancient times, people were sparsely populated, here the east and west mountains are divided, the valley between the wild boar flocks, the Zhou people created a very vivid "豳" character to refer to this place.
If we still don't have any concept of the land, then many people should have an impression when it comes to the book of poetry. There is a classic and famous verse in the book of poetry, "Fire in July, clothing in September", which is from the "Feng Feng" part of it. And "Feng Feng" is a poem created by the residents of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Back to the land, such a resource-rich area with a suitable climate, whether it is the Jiang clan in the south whose farming is the main business, or the Rong Di tribe in the north, which is half-farming and half-pastoral, should have already occupied this place, so how could it be left to the Zhou people?
It is precisely because it is located at the junction of Rong Di on the Longdong Plateau (then known as Dayuan and Taiyuan) and Jiang Rong in the central and western parts of Guanzhong, and the strategic location is very important, and whichever side occupies this place will form a huge pressure on the other. Frequent scrambles for this place led to the fact that over time, both used it as a buffer zone.
As a fleeing tribe, the Zhou people were very weak, and after occupying the land, they could not pose a threat to the two large tribes in the north and south, but strengthened the role of the original buffer zone. In this way, by the time of Sun Gong Liu, who was not in the cave, the Zhou people had taken root in this valley plain with a radius of less than fifty miles.
According to common sense, Gong Liu should be in the era of King Tai peng of the Shang Dynasty (BC
144
7 years BC
139
between 3 years). At this time, the Shang Kingdom occupied the Fenwei Basin in the west, the Jianghan region in the south, the southeast of Yu and Huaixi in the east, and the area expanded to more than 300,000 square kilometers (equivalent to the current two or three provinces), with more than 500 kilometers in the east-west and north-south directions, which was a real country of thousands of miles.
At this time, the Zhou Kingdom only had an area of one or two thousand square kilometers (equivalent to a county today), and it was only east, west, south, and north
Three five
Ten miles is a small country of fifty miles.
Then, how did such a small country pose a threat to the western fang state of the Shang Kingdom more than 200 years later in the era of The Shang King Wuding, and arouse the focus of the Shang Kingdom
What about?
Let's continue in the next section.
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