The bowl cavity features musical instruments "Bowl Bowl" and "Festival". Bowl and bowl, a small bowl-shaped bell with a diameter of about five centimeters (made of ringing copper, commonly known as the cup cup by artists) - percussion instruments, singing cavity, music participation accompaniment, its tone is crisp and pleasant to the ear, the bowl cavity is named after it. Bowl and bowl music was originally a special tune for screened window shadow puppet plays, because shadow puppet plays are mostly performed at night, people also call it "moon tune" and "screen play".
Filial piety, in the long river of years, has accumulated a thick cultural heritage, forming its own rich folk cultural heritage. Intangible cultural heritage is the manifestation of the "living" of national individuality and national aesthetic habits, and the biggest feature of distribution is that it is not separated from the special way of life of the nation. Intangible cultural heritage exists on the basis of the person himself, using sound, image and skill as a means of expression, and is continued by word of mouth as a cultural chain.
Xiaoyi Bowl Cavity is a local small drama that spread in the Xiaoyi area of Lüliang, which was moved to the live-action performance stage in 1959, and thus established a state-owned professional bowl and bowl performing arts group - Xiaoyi County Yuejin Theater Troupe, which made the traditional bowl and bowl art enter a new period of development. In the long process of development, Xiaoyi Bowl cavity has accumulated a large number of performance repertoire and rich precious materials such as texts and objects...
Every day, Liu Caiqin, who is more than 40 years old, and the orchestra masters practice here on time as long as there is no performance in the exhibition hall of the Xiaoyi Bowl cavity troupe, and the euphemistic and delicate bowl cavity echoes in the theater compound from time to time, making this winter look particularly beautiful.
In 2006, Xiaoyi Bowl cavity was listed as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection projects, and the Municipal Bowl and Bowl Theater Troupe was the project protection unit, carrying the inheritance protection and development tasks of the two sister art dramas "Xiaoyi Bowl Cavity" and "Xiaoyi Leather Cavity". In recent years, it has excavated and restored 16 Xiaoyi bowl and bowl repertoire and 7 Xiaoyi leather cavity repertoire. In 2019, it carried two drama genres with a performance group, and represented the Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism to participate in the Xiqu Hundred Opera (Kunshan) Ceremony held by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. With its unique artistic style and simple artistic charm, Xiaoyi Bowl Cavity 'Love For Shan Liwa' and Xiaoyi Pi Cavity 'Yuanyuan and Beggar' bloom in the birthplace of Chinese opera and shine in the water towns of Jiangnan.
Exhibition Hall - Memories in the Temple of Art
Walking into the Xiaoyi City Bowl and Bowl Troupe Exhibition Hall, we seem to dream of returning to the Art Garden. When the memory of history reappears in reality, the melodious singing section of the song, the selection of the scene of the scene of the ups and downs, the black and white color photos full of stories, the costume props of the vicissitudes of the wind and rain, and the celebrity calligraphy and paintings with profound meanings will evoke people's endless reverie and arouse people's love and attachment to the art of bowls and bowls.
The Bowl and Bowl Theater Exhibition Hall mainly has two major functions: exhibition and display. The exhibition hall has a small stage, the audience can watch the performance on the spot, appreciate the unique performance art and soft rhyme of the bowl cavity; the exhibition hall also displays a large number of scripts, musical scores, stills, costumes, props, musical instruments, pennants, banners and other precious physical materials, as well as text and picture introduction, comprehensively showing the development and change of The Xiaoyi Bowl Cavity, musical characteristics, representative repertoire, famous actors, etc., which helps the audience to understand the cultural heritage and artistic charm of the bowl cavity art. Cultivate and stimulate young people's interest and love for this intangible cultural heritage art. Among them, 28 pieces of traditional drama and modern drama costumes, 204 pieces of props, more than 20 pieces of other related physical objects, 36 scripts and 24 sets of music scores have been preserved in the history of bowls and bowls.
It is reported that during the Qing Guangxu period, the drought in the Dali area of Shaanxi Washi was serious, and local screen shadow puppet artists left their hometowns to come to the Xiaoyi area of Lüliang, Shanxi, in order to make a living. Because the people of Xiaoyi have always appreciated shadow puppetry, the screen window shadow puppetry quickly gained a foothold in the Xiaoyi area and developed rapidly. The bowl cavity is influenced by art forms such as the xiaoyi yangge dry plate cavity, the middle road zizi, and the xiaoyi skin cavity, and gradually forms a localized artistic style. In 1959, in order to inherit and promote the excellent traditional art of bowl cavity, the government of Xiaoyi City (formerly Xiaoyi County) established the Xiaoyi City Bowl and Bowl Troupe (originally established as Xiaoyi County Yuejin Theater Troupe). In the early days of the establishment of the troupe, it was adapted into a shadow puppet play "Baiyang River" and other plays, and later because the bowl cavity was suitable for performing modern dramas and shaping modern drama characters, it began to create and perform modern dramas from the 1960s, which has continued uninterrupted to this day. The Bowl and Bowl Theater Troupe has twice entered Beijing to perform for party and state leaders in Zhongnanhai, and has been unanimously praised by all walks of life in the capital.
Inheritance - to create a brand of filial piety inherit the national culture
Guo Wenming, head of the Bowl and Bowl Theater Troupe, said: "To preserve the essence of the original ecology of cultural heritage, the combination of traditional art and modernity can survive, and I hope that the Bowl and Bowl Troupe of Xiaoyi can recruit talents and let this drama go out of filial piety and go to the world." ”
The cavity of the bowl is delicate and long, and the spleen is refreshing. In 2006, it was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. But nowadays, whether in the city or in the countryside, few people can sing bowls and bowls, and they rarely have the opportunity to listen to the lingering tone of sympathy. Since its development, the aging of talents among the traditional bowl and bowl music brand inheritance has a serious problem, and people over the age of 40 still play important performance responsibilities.
In the winter of 1959, the troupe changed the traditional play "Baiyang River" to "Zhaojun Out of the Plug" and successfully moved it to the stage of live-action opera. This play was performed 24 times in Xiaoyi and Fenyang, and the scene was full. In order to adapt to the new performance form, the bowl and bowl theater troupe in the early days of its establishment borrowed from the traditional repertoire of bowl and bowl shadow puppetry, and adapted and transplanted some plays. For example, "Seize the Seal" and "The President's Daughter" were adapted during this period. In addition to adapting some traditional plays, Xiaoyi's bowl and bowl playwrights began to try to create modern drama repertoire themselves, and "Willow Tree Ping" is one of the representative plays of this time. The Choreographer Award, Director Award, Actor Award, Music Award, and Collective Award have won several awards. "Liushuping" has been performed dozens of times in Taiyuan, and for a time The Xiaoyi Bowl And Bowl Troupe won the honor of "Liushuping Theater Troupe", and this play also laid the foundation for Xiaoyi's Bowl and Bowl Troupe to perform modern dramas.
Since 1963, the Xiaoyi Bowl and Bowl Theater Troupe has entered a new stage of development, basically forming its own professional team. In addition to inheriting a large number of excellent traditional plays, Xiaoyi Bowl cavity is especially known for creating and performing modern plays, and at different times, excellent works that have influenced the whole country of the Three Jins have come out. With the joint efforts of many music and art workers, more attention is paid to the collation and inheritance of traditional arts, so that modern audiences can listen to gentle songs.
In the years of inheritance and development, the Xiaoyi Bowl and Bowl Theater Troupe has cultivated and created generations of outstanding actors, performers and screenwriters, such as the leader of the Bowl cavity, the winner of the 16th China Plum Blossom Award, the national first-class actor Zhang Jianqin, the screenwriter Xu Shiqing, Zhang Sicong, Liang Zhenchuan, Huo Suochang, Ren Xueqian, etc., all of whom have made great contributions to the inheritance and utilization of the bowl cavity.
In order to ensure that the traditional art of bowls and bowls is passed on, it is urgent to carry out rescue and protective excavation and sorting out of the traditional bowls and bowls, and implement the project plan of recording and video recordings of bowls and bowls, and the recording content is mainly based on the traditional classic repertoire that shows the traditional virtues of Chinese and the charm of bowl and bowl art. The valuable audio-visual materials left a "living fossil" for the inheritance and development of Xiaoyi Bowl Cavity, a national intangible cultural heritage, and provided important cultural value and far-reaching historical significance for the study of Xiaoyi Bowl Cavity art, the study of Xiaoyi drama history, and the study and protection of Shanxi drama history.
In addition, in order to rescue, protect and inherit the traditional bowl and bowl art and the precious historical materials since the establishment of the bowl and bowl troupe. In 2020, the first batch of key books on the national intangible cultural heritage list, the series of books "Xiaoyi Bowl cavity memory", was officially published and issued for four years. The series of books, edited by Guo Wenming, head of the Xiaoyi Bowl and Bowl Troupe, adopts the form of describing genre chapters, chapters and festivals, and makes a realistic record of the history and current situation of Xiaoyi Bowl cavity, with a distinct style of the times and strong local characteristics. The series of books is divided into five volumes, namely: "Pear Garden Yonggu", "The Sound of Heaven", "Virtue and Art Double Xin", "Famous Drama Series" and "Passionate Years", which are illustrated and vivid, and are actively exploring, protecting and inheriting rare local dramas.
Carry forward - continue to write folk art Fanghua
From November 16 to 20, 2021, the bowls and bowls of endangered drama species were performed at the Dongfeng Film Theater, and the actors won the applause and praise of the people with their melodious and beautiful singing voices and unique performance forms, so that the people could enjoy the "cultural feast".
In order to further do a good job in the protection, inheritance and dissemination and promotion of endangered drama species, Xiaoyi Bowl and Bowl Theater Troupe began to carry out endangered drama exhibitions and performances on September 11, 2021, and carried out 100 public welfare performances in rural areas, scenic spots and communities.
While enriching the spiritual and cultural life of the broad masses of the people, it also allows more people to understand and love the filial piety bowl cavity and the filial piety skin cavity, improve the sense of identity of the masses, enhance social visibility, and thus promote better inheritance and development. With wonderful performances and beautiful singing voices, the audience fully appreciated the artistic charm of the delicate flowers in the hundred gardens of Chinese opera.
In recent years, the Xiaoyi Bowl and Bowl Theater Troupe has organized the creation of 6 small opera sketches that keep up with the times and are close to the masses, improving the quality of art, improving service levels, and better serving farmers and serving the grassroots. In the process of performance, the performance resources are integrated, the performance mode is innovated, and in the form of "large troops + small detachments", for the masses with disabilities and scattered residences who are inconvenient to watch, they enter their homes and households to carry out more than 30 small special performances, send the party's voice and care to the hearts of the most grass-roots masses, and send excellent traditional arts to the most grass-roots masses.
At the same time, we have actively carried out the traditional arts of bowls and bowls into the community, into the campus, into the scenic spots, weekend theaters and festivals of literary and artistic activities, a total of more than 200 performances, and actively participated in the Xiaoyi City "free drama to the countryside 10,000 times" performance, not afraid of the rough road, regardless of the conditions, to the old revolutionary areas, to the remote mountainous areas, to the poor mountain villages, to the places where the masses need it most, to the places where the masses are most welcome. Some performance venues are far apart, after the evening performance, they eat a little food, and then sit on the night train to catch up with the next performance place; some performance venue conditions are simple, whether it is cold winter or summer, the cast and crew are working on a temporary stage with ventilation on all sides; some performance sites are not smooth, and they need cast and crew to manually carry two trucks of heavy performance equipment; some performance sites have no cooking conditions, and the cast and crew eat in the open air, no matter how difficult it is, the majority of cadres and workers, whether they are physically strong or weak and sick, Everyone is full of enthusiasm and does not pay attention to conditions, devotes themselves wholeheartedly to the work of performing for the masses of the people, conveys joy and civilization to the vast number of rural and grass-roots masses, and conveys the party's voice and care. In the process of performing performances to serve the rural areas and serving the grass-roots level, the political and ideological consciousness of party members, cadres, and workers has been enhanced, the ideological and artistic quality of party members, cadres, and workers has been enhanced, the unity has been enhanced, the team has been tempered, and it has played an important role in promoting the prosperity and development of traditional bowl and bowl art.
As a business card of filial piety culture, the bowl cavity plays its indispensable role, as the soil knot of filial piety, we also hope that it can be carried forward, go out, and go to the stage of the country and even the world. (Photo: Wu Bin, Zhao Quan)
Source: Xiaoyi Rong Media Center