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Speaking of weeds, it is estimated that the grower friends hate it very much. Since ancient times, everyone has felt that fruit trees and weeds are incompatible, after all, they all think that grass will rob fruit trees of nutrients. If it is said that the grass in the orchard is good, it is estimated that it will be viciously criticized by everyone.
Some time ago, I passed by an orchard and saw that the owner of the orchard was removing herbs, so he said: "These grasses do not affect the growth of fruit trees, you can keep them first, and after a period of time, you can also use them as fertilizer." Unexpectedly, the owner of the garden said, "Whose house do you see that the grass is not cut?" Staying will only grab nutrients, and people will say that I am lazy! ”
This is probably the reason why many fruit grower friends dare not leave grass in the garden. But in recent years, some people have done the opposite, actively planting grass in orchards, and experts have confirmed that raw grass is actually a cultivation technology, and more and more growers will do so in the future.
Therefore, today I will take you to understand the benefits of orchard grass cultivation, the precautions for raw grass cultivation, how to choose grass seeds, and the misunderstanding of raw grass cultivation, I hope that you can save labor and effort in orchards through this technology, increase production and improve quality!
1. Cultivate the natural enemies of pests, reduce pests and diseases, and balance the ecology of orchards
Why do I put grass breeding as a natural enemy of pests first? Because now the biggest headache for fruit farmers is the control of diseases and insect pests. For example, if you plant a piece of citrus, there are more than a dozen kinds of diseases and insect pests encountered every year, what fruit flies, red spiders, wood lice, etc., the annual cost of spraying alone is a large sum, and some drugs are not only harmful, but also prone to resistance, and the result is that the insect pests are more and more.
Grass in orchards not only enriches biodiversity, but also provides habitat and food for predators of pests. For example, the pest of the red spider is the predator mite, although it is the same as the red spider, but it is a mite that eats the red spider. It usually feeds on the pollen of thistle, and planting thistle in the orchard at this time can provide habitat for it and reduce the reproduction of red spiders.
2. It is suitable for the propagation of earthworms, which can loosen the soil and improve the organic matter and fertility of the soil
Raw grass has the ability to sequester carbon, which protects the organic carbon of the soil and thus improves the soil. At the same time, it also allows earthworms to have a good shelter, can loosen the soil, make the soil more permeable, and is conducive to the growth of fruit trees.
3. Coordinate the climate of the orchard, which is conducive to the growth of fruit trees
When the orchard has raw grass, the air humidity also increases. For example, in the summer high temperature, the grass can regulate the temperature of the orchard, which is conducive to the growth of fruit trees and reduces the occurrence of fruit burning disease.
4. Improve the yield and quality of fruits and increase revenue
When the grass reduces the pests and diseases of the orchard, improves the fertility of the soil, and coordinates the climate of the orchard, the growth of the fruit trees will not be bad, whether it is the yield or quality of the fruit, it will certainly be guaranteed.
Seeing this, many fruit growers may wonder: "Raw grass has so many benefits, won't it rob the fruit tree of nutrients?" "It does grab nutrients, but it's only the first two years of grass planting, and in the years that follow, the value created by raw grass is more conducive to the growth of fruit trees."
It's like if you hire a worker and pay him 3,000 yuan a month, but he creates 8,000 yuan of profit for you.
Since raw grass is better than weeding, how to do it specifically? What to watch out for?
1, understand the orchard grass this thing
Many people are eager to succeed, seeing what others do, he also follows how to do it, do not know, blindly imitating is just The East Shi Gong. If you want to really master a technology, you must first understand its principles, and in the end, only when you understand it thoroughly, this technology really belongs to you.
Orchard grass refers to a kind of soil management method of artificial planting of herbs that are beneficial to fruit trees, and fertilization, irrigation, and regular knife cutting of raw grass. To put it bluntly, how you manage fruit trees, you have to manage the grass, and you have to plant grass like a fruit tree. Of course, in addition to artificial planting, you can also grow grass naturally, but pay attention to removing malignant weeds.
2. The time and method of orchard grass
Generally, there are methods such as whole garden grass, inter-row grass, inter-plant grass and tree tray covering, and the specific method depends on the actual situation of the orchard. For example, young orchards can choose to grow grass in the whole garden in addition to the cover of the tree tray; adult orchards promote inter-row grass and remove weeds from the tree tray.
The planting time is two seasons a year, usually in March-April and September. Grass can be formed in June-July when sown in March-April, and grass can be formed in September to avoid the influence of grass shortages in orchards and reduce the heavy labor of weed removal.
Before sowing, it should be noted that the land is prepared first, and the grass seeds should be watered once in the first 15 days to let the grass seeds germinate into the soil; then irrigated with water and sprayed with some short-term degrading herbicides; after 7 days, it will be watered again to wash away the remaining herbicides; and finally start sowing grass seeds. By doing so, unused weeds can be eradicated beforehand.
3. Management measures for orchard grass
When the grass is cultivated, when it comes to the harvest season, the grass can be cut manually with a sickle or machinery, which can reduce the competition of grass for the nutrition of fruit trees, and also use the grass as fertilizer to increase soil organic matter.
Generally, do not cut the grass in the first few months of planting, and start cutting when the grass is strong enough, 2-4 times a year. When cutting, pay attention to the height of stubble retention, generally leave 1-2 branches in the leguminous grass, and the grass should have heart leaves to facilitate the recovery of grass growth. If you cut too hard, the grass will lose its ability to regenerate.
Generally, the height of legumes stubble is more than 15 cm, and the stubble of grass is about 10 cm; the striped grass, the cut grass should be covered on the tree plate; the grass that grows in the whole garden, the grass cut in the orchard should be scattered on the spot, and the ditch can also be dug deeply buried and mixed with the soil to make fertilizer.
After 4-5 years of grass growth, the grass gradually ages, it should be turned over in time, and the land is re-sown for 1-2 years. It is advisable to turn the pressure in spring, and the herbicide can also be sprayed on the grass surface to make the grass die quickly and decompose; after ploughing, the organic matter decomposes rapidly, and the available nitrogen surges, and the nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately reduced or stopped.
In fact, in addition to artificial sowing of grass seeds, some grasses grow on their own. This can be divided into artificial grass and self-growing grass. First, let's look at artificial grass planting, what kind of grass to choose.
1, Baixi grass - the preferred soil and water conservation plant
Features: strong adaptability, not strict soil requirements, in the red soil slopes without fertilization, can also grow well. It is resistant to high temperatures and droughts, but also to low temperatures and flooding. After completely covering the grass layer, the effect of no-till can be achieved.
Method: Because the seeds are very small, it is better to transplant seedlings after concentrated seedlings.
2, thistle - wild plants, mostly in the south
Features: As mentioned above, it is a parasitic plant that is the natural enemy of the red spider - a fly predator, which can control diseases and insect pests well; it can also be cultivated as a green manure crop, which is a fast-acting fertilizer source.
Method: In the south, the flowering and fruiting period is from June to November, and the seeds scattered on the ground can germinate that year or the following year, without re-sowing. It can be spread and cultivated from March to July, and can also be transplanted, as long as the soil is moist, it can grow well.
3, white clover - the first choice for young orange orchards
Features: It belongs to the root system of plants and is a creeping growth type forage. It prefers a cool, warm climate, strong photophilia, because the rhizobia fix nitrogen, vigorous growth, nitrogen supply is large, suitable for juvenile orangery planting.
Method: The sowing period is from October to March of the following year, and it is cut 2-4 times a year.
4. Long soft hair wild pea - strong nitrogen fixation ability
Features: This is a new variety of orchard grass selected and bred, strong adaptability can be planted throughout the country, as a legume plant has a strong nitrogen fixation effect, can enhance the soil, for the fruit tree to provide nitrogen nutrition.
Method: Fast growth, seeds can be budded and grown after 24 hours of immersion in water, and can take root.
To sum up, artificial grass should be preferred for easy artificial planting, strong adaptability, large amount of grass, dwarf poles, shallow roots, and conducive to the breeding and reproduction of natural enemies of pests, and can effectively inhibit the occurrence of weeds, preferably a mixture of leguminous grass species and grass grass species.
In addition to artificial planting, there are also fruit growers who choose to naturally store benign weeds outside the tree tray, which is what we often call natural grass. When leaving grass, it is also necessary to pay attention to the selection of easy to grow, large amount of grass, short stems, shallow roots, and citrus without common diseases and insect pests, it is best to facilitate the parasitism and microbial activities of citrus pest predators.
Like wild mugwort, matang and dogtail grass, hollow lotus grass, etc. can breed on their own, especially matang and dogtail grass, which is very suitable for new orange orchards. To ensure that the grass grows well, malignant weeds should also be removed and an appropriate amount of fast-available nitrogen fertilizer should be applied.
Raw grass cultivation is a new technology, many fruit farmers know little, there may be some misunderstandings in the process of grass, such as:
1. Mistakenly believe that a grass is suitable for all orchards
Take the white clover, for example, which is a shade-tolerant plant with poor drought tolerance. If it is planted in dryland, the mortality rate may be as high as 20%, but if it is planted in humid areas, it will grow well. Therefore, white clover is selected in humid areas; baixi grass is selected in arid areas.
2, if you want to plant, plant enough
Knowing the benefits of growing grass in the orchard, the growers began to plant grass on all the ground of the orchard, which was not conducive to the growth of fruit trees, because the grass on the tree tray would compete with the roots for water and fertilizer. In general, seedlings can only plant grass between tree rows, and the grass and the outer edge of the tree disc should be 40 cm apart as a fertilization and nutrient belt; adult orchards can plant grass between rows and plants, but grass cannot be planted inside the tree tray.
3, do not pay attention to water and fertilizer management
Some fruit farmers planted grass and felt that grass was conducive to water retention and fertilizer retention, so they relaxed the management of water and fertilizer, and did not fertilize or irrigate the grass planted. Generally speaking, in addition to applying plantar fertilizer before sowing, at the seedling stage, seedling fertilizer and urea should also be applied per mu of land. Fertilization can be combined with irrigation, or it can be applied on rainy days or foliar spraying, and when the weather is dry, it should be irrigated in time.
4. The grass planted is not cut
Generally speaking, most grass, the first year after sowing, because the seedlings are weak and the root system is small, can not be cut, but from the second year onwards, it can be cut 3-5 times a year, when the grass grows to about 40 cm, it must be cut off, and the cut weeds are covered on the tree tray. Generally after 5 years of aging, you can carry out autumn turning, so that it can be leisure for 1-2 years, and then re-sown raw grass.
Orchard grass method is an advanced, practical, efficient soil management method, in Europe, America, Japan and other countries have been implemented for many years, the application is very common, the country is gradually beginning to use raw grass cultivation instead of clear farming, so everyone encounters orchard grass, know what to do, right?
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