Eggplant has a long history of cultivation, widely cultivated in the north and south of the mainland, with high yield, strong adaptability and long supply period, and is one of the important vegetables in Yangzhou.
eggplant
With the development of facility agriculture, the application of early spring cultivation, autumn delay cultivation and overwintering cultivation technology of eggplant has become more and more extensive, and the obstacles to continuous cropping of eggplant have become more and more serious, and the economic benefits of facility cultivation have gradually weakened.
Soilless cultivation is a new type of cultivation method that can effectively overcome the obstacle of continuous cropping. The use of soilless cultivation technology to plant eggplant, and supporting the integration of water and fertilizer and eggplant regeneration cultivation technology, not only can effectively overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping, but also stagger the peak of marketing and improve economic benefits.
1. Choose the right variety
Choose early and medium-ripening varieties suitable for local cultivation, strong disease resistance, high temperature resistance, high yield, vigorous growth, good quality and taste, such as Britta, Black Dragon Long Eggplant, etc.
2. Substrate and nutrient solution blending
The main components of the matrix are grass charcoal soil, vermiculite, perlite, etc., which are stirred evenly according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1, requiring strong buffering capacity, loose and breathable, no large pieces of grass charcoal, etc., and the adjusted pH value is 6.8~7.3.
It is optional to produce special water-soluble fertilizers with nightshade fruits and vegetables, and a large number of elements (N+P2O5+K2O≥50%, quality in accordance with NY 1107-2010) and trace elements (trace elements ≥ 10%, quality in accordance with NY 1428-2010) can also be combined into a mother liquor.
3. Pruning
When the plant is aging, the yield and quality are reduced, and the open-ground eggplant is on the market in large quantities and the price drops, it is the best time to cut and prune. Pruning is generally done from mid-to-late July to early August in central Jiangsu.
Choose sunny weather, use scissors to cut off all the branches above the base of the trunk of 15 to 20 cm, the pruning height of tall stalk varieties can be 20 to 30 cm, the cutting surface is smooth, and at the same time erase the weak armpit buds at the base, leaving 2 strong buds; if there is no axillary bud at the base, you can first prune above the branch of the main stem monnieri growth branch, and then cut off the branches above the new shoots of 3 to 5 cm after the new shoots grow. After pruning, use 75% Bacillus Clear Wettable Powder to make a paste and apply it to the incision to prevent the invasion of germs.
4. Management of newborn plants
4.1 Keep the stem
After pruning, new branches begin to germinate 5 to 7 days later, and 3 to 4 young stems with robust growth are selected, and other weak and small young stems are erased.
4.2 Fertilizer water management
Summer temperature is high, the use of water and fertilizer integrated automatic regulation system for nutrient solution supply management, self-formulated nutrient solution (a large number of elements N + P2O5 + K2O≥50%, quality in line with NY 1107-2010; trace elements ≥ 10%, quality in line with NY 1428-2010), according to the plant morphology diagnosis (leaf color, leaf thickness, stem and leaf growth rate, etc.) timely adjustment of concentration, EC value, flow rate and irrigation time.
The special water-soluble fertilizer for nightshade fruits and vegetables is adjusted according to the development period and weather changes of eggplant. Usually within a week of colonization drip irrigation water, about 500mL / plant per day, divided into 3 to 4 times; about 7 days after colonization, balanced water-soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=20:20:20) 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid, 500 ~ 700mL / plant per day, divided into 3 to 4 times; after flowering and fruit setting, according to the characteristics of crops, with potassium, boron and phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer, drip irrigation amount of 500 ~ 700mL / plant.
4.3 Temperature and light management
Moderate shading after pruning, normal management after new branches grow. After the new branches grow, the daytime temperature is controlled by 25 to 30 °C and at night by 16 to 20 °C; during the flowering and fruiting period, the temperature in the daytime control facility is 25 to 30 °C, and the night is 18 to 20 °C. When the temperature is above 30 °C, increase the ventilation and cooling force.
4.4 Plant management
About 1 month after pruning, the new stems begin to flower and bear fruit, controlling 3 to 4 single stems and pruning the rest. During the growth process of plants, it is necessary to remove the basal side branches, old leaves and diseased leaves, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, and reduce the spread of diseases and insect pests. Hanging branches in time during the fruiting period, especially high-stalk eggplant varieties, prevents the upper fruit of the plant from being too heavy, affecting the uprightness of the plant, and even crushing the plant.
4.5 Preservation of flowers and fruits
Within 2 days of flowering, it can be treated with 2,4-D of 20 mg/L, or dipped in flowers with 10 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid or 30~40 mg/L anti-fallin (p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid).
5. Pest control
5.1 Prevention and control principles
Pest control is mainly based on agricultural control and physical control, and chemical control can be carried out in the case of poor agricultural control and physical control effects. Chemical control should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T 8321 (all parts) and NY/T 393, and chemical agents should be used alternately.
5.2 Major pests and diseases
The main pests and diseases and control methods are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The main pests and diseases and control methods
6. Harvesting
It can generally be harvested 15 to 25 days after flowering. The white band of the sepals that connect to the fruit is not obvious, and can be harvested.
7. Economic benefits
Facility substrate cultivation of early spring stubble, the average yield of 667m2 is about 4500kg, the initial price of the listing is higher, with a large number of open-ground eggplant listed, the price declines, according to the average price of 5 yuan / kg, early spring stubble eggplant per 667m2 income of 22,500 yuan. The average yield of pruning and regeneration stubble is about 2500kg per 667m2, calculated according to the average price of 4 yuan / kg, and the income per 667m2 is 10,000 yuan. In addition, every 667 m2 can reduce the use of seeds, fertilizers, drugs and labor by about 1500 yuan.