The double ao is just a steel fork lift, and the eight strands are like a sword. I am only afraid that the anglers will set up erbium and send the boiling kettle to the remnants. --Li Zicheng
Talking about the "Dashun Emperor" Li Zicheng, I think many people will not be unfamiliar, he is one of the emperors who reigned for the shortest time. In terms of time, Li Zicheng only had 42 days from the time he entered the city of Beijing to the time he was killed.
It should be known that when Li Zicheng rebelled, the slogan he played was "free grain in all fields", which is very in line with the wishes of the people. However, why did he end up hastily after 42 days in Beijing?
First, Li Zicheng's history of his family
Li Zicheng was originally a soldier in the Ming Dynasty, but because the Donglin Party encouraged the Chongzhen Emperor to "lay off troops", he lost his job. Later, Li Zicheng's hometown suffered a major drought, coupled with the harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes of the imperial court, the people's lives were oppressed as never before, so that the uprising broke out continuously.
Li Zicheng also resolutely joined the rebel army and put forward the slogan of "Juntian Free Endowment" to win the support of the people. Under such slogans, more people who hated the Ming Dynasty joined in, and after experiencing some setbacks, Li Zicheng finally led the rebel army to attack the city of Beijing, and Li Zicheng also achieved the throne and founded the Dashun Dynasty.
Li Zicheng, who had just entered the capital, was very beautiful, and both prestige and power had reached its peak. However, such a good deck of cards was beaten by Li Zicheng with 42 days of action.
Many people wonder, what exactly did Li Zicheng do to overthrow him after only 42 days of entering Beijing? After looking through this history of the Dashun Dynasty, it can be found that among Li Zicheng's actions in these 42 days, about 3 things directly sent him to the end of the road.
Second, Li Zicheng's 3 wrong things
The first thing was to smash and burn and oppress the people of the capital.
According to common sense, Li Zicheng himself has struggled out of the quagmire of suffering, and he should be the most sympathetic to the suffering of the people. However, after entering Beijing, Li Zicheng, instead of trying to save the people from water and fire, extended his predatory hand to the people.
When Li Zicheng first entered the capital, the people were full of expectations for him. With the phrase "the king of Chuang came without paying for grain", Li Zicheng's name was also quite loud in that era, and in that era of famine and plague, people were expecting this "king of Chuang" to bring them a peaceful and happy life.
When Li Zicheng first entered the capital, he also conformed to the wishes of the people, and when he entered the city, his army was less than 20,000 people and was strictly managed. According to the rules established by Li Zi, after entering the city, everyone was not allowed to plunder the people's property, nor was it allowed to rob the women in the city, and once these terms were violated, no one would be spared.
Under such high pressure, the soldiers under Li Zicheng naturally did not dare to come recklessly, so when Li Zicheng's army first entered the city, except for the imperial relatives and relatives who were affected to a certain extent, the lives of ordinary people were hardly affected much.
The order of the capital is good, there is no burning and looting and looting, people still live and work according to the previous pace, and even the market shops are open as usual. But gradually, there was a problem with the funds within Li Zicheng's army, and the nightmare of the people began.
Although Li Zicheng was an insurgent who came out of the people, and most of his soldiers were also peasants, in the end these people were not fighting for the people, and naturally they would not put the interests of the people first at this moment, and a large number of them even thought that they were superior to the people as an insurgent army.
Therefore, since Li Zicheng entered the Forbidden City on the 19th, his troops could no longer hold back on the 27th, revealing their true faces. In order to get more money, these people began to plunder the property of ordinary people in large quantities, oppress the women, and even aim their weapons at the innocent masses, and the people's trust in the "king" was also lost.
The second was to loot and torture ex-courtiers.
The reason why Li Zicheng's small soldiers began to attack the people unscrupulously was naturally not because they were not afraid of the rules set by Li Zicheng, but because the top level of the rebel army took the lead in breaking the rules and was the first to extend the hand of plunder.
In feudal society, ordinary people often lived at the lowest level, even if Li Zicheng's small soldiers acted arbitrarily, but the funds and grain looted were not enough to fill the gap in the army, Li Zicheng believed that if he really wanted to get a lot of funds, he had to start with the officials of the former dynasty.
Beginning on the 27th, the rebel army began to arrest a large number of Ming officials, in order to compete for funds to raid the house, the rebel army set the rules: if the Ming Officials were above the middle hall, they would have to pay 100,000 yuan, the officials who served in the Ministry of Jingtang Jinyi would have to pay 70,000, 50,000 and 30,000 respectively, the Daoke Officials Department would pay a share of 50,000 to 30,000 yuan, Hanlin would pay 30,000, 20,000, and 10,000 yuan according to their official positions, and officials below the subordinate level would also pay thousands of salaries.
Of course, if Li Zicheng did not set the rules, these officials would obediently pay the money, but in the face of those who were unwilling to pay, Li Zicheng also had his own methods. His subordinate Liu Zongmin made five thousand sticks, which were made of wood, each with an edge and an angle, and connected these sticks with nails, and those who endured this criminal law would eventually break their bones into several knots.
However, it is not only those who are arrested and tortured who are unwilling to give money, if the amount paid is not satisfactory to Li Zicheng, he cannot escape the service of torture, and some officials have obviously donated tens of thousands of funds, but they are still tortured to death, until they agree to donate another 20,000 or 30,000 yuan to be freed.
Li Zicheng's series of operations immediately shrouded the entire capital in fear, ordinary people were bullied by Li Zicheng's small soldiers, and former high-ranking officials could not escape Li Zicheng's torture.
According to historical records, after Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he searched for 70 million taels of silver from the hands of officials of the former dynasty, but the silver of this white flower did not enable Li Zicheng to gain a firm foothold in the capital.
The third thing is to indulge in pleasure and offend Wu Sangui.
Li Zicheng, who stepped into the Forbidden City, did not immediately add his yellow robe and began to deal with the problems left over from the previous dynasty, nor did he treat his brothers, and on the merits and rewards, he was attracted to other things.
Before Li Zicheng invaded the harem, the last empresses and concubines of the Ming Dynasty had become the funeral companions of the Ming Dynasty, and now they are still active in the harem only some of the remaining palace women of the former dynasty, but Li Zicheng and his subordinates have a bad heart, and this idea directly buries their future.
In the face of the crumbling Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng was not the only one who was hungry for this country, at this time, the vast people and horses of the Qing army were guarding the guanxi, and the person who guarded the shanhaiguan was the famous Wu Sangui.
It can be said that Li Zicheng can now enter the Forbidden City with a big swing and prepare to proclaim himself king, and Wu Sangui's credit is indispensable behind it, but at this time, Li Zicheng and his men have long been blind. Li Zicheng felt that since the Forbidden City had been put into his pocket, the treasures and beauties in this city were naturally all their own booty, so they began to divide all this like robbers.
Li Zicheng took a fancy to the beautiful Dou Meiyi, while one of his men took a fancy to a woman named Chen Yuanyuan. If these women have no background in life, perhaps this matter will not become a turning point in history, but this Chen Yuanyuan is not simple.
Chen Yuanyuan was Wu Sangui's concubine, and at that time Wu Sangui was oscillating between Li Zicheng's surrender and the Qing army's negotiations, and Chen Yuanyuan and Wu Sangui's other family members became hostages of Li Zicheng.
Originally, as long as Wu Sangui surrendered and Li Zicheng released people, the crisis at Shanhaiguan could be resolved, but who knew that his men had a crush on Chen Yuanyuan, which made Wu Sangui angry, and finally introduced the Qing army into Shanhaiguan.
Of course, if all the reasons for Li Zicheng's failure are attributed to not placing Chen Yuanyuan well, it is naturally biased. In fact, Li Zicheng's army was not completely unable to resist the attack of the Qing army, but at that time, Li Zicheng thought that he had already sat on the throne and was only one enthronement ceremony, so he did not put the center on dealing with the Qing army at all, probably Li Zicheng himself would not have thought that he had worked hard to revolt for 15 years, but in the end he was lost because of a momentary negligence.
Third, a different Li Zicheng
Of course, Li Zicheng is not useless, according to some historical records, Li Zicheng was very close to the people after sitting on the dragon chair, and when he visited the people, he was still dressed plainly. At the same time, he did not have any bureaucratic atmosphere on his body, and when he talked to the people, he was always booing and greeting, talking and laughing.
He also once implemented the incentive policy of "three years of grain exemption", and even generously distributed the land left by the wartime fugitive landlords to the peasants, so that at that time, there was a saying that "there was no mob under the Dashun Dynasty". Yang Shicong was once Li Zicheng's opponent, and even he had a high evaluation of Li Zicheng in this regard.
At the same time, during Li Zicheng's short 42-day term of office, the surrounding areas under the control of the peasant army were "not daring to dance, the people did not dare to violate the prohibition, and Yi Shi was very peaceful."
In addition, as soon as Li Zicheng took office, he abandoned the corrupt factory guard system of the Ming Dynasty and repeatedly reduced the number of eunuchs in the palace.
Therefore, Li Zicheng did not really achieve nothing after taking office, on the contrary, in some aspects, his performance is also remarkable. However, as a ruler, his vision should be more long-term and broader, and if the strategy is wrong, the tactics will be in vain.
In general, if Li Zicheng is a feudal official or an inspector of a province, he may be able to do a good job. However, in terms of being an emperor, his ability is still a little worse, in the current phrase: "Less than the top, more than the bottom." "This is a three-dimensional Li Zicheng, which makes people hate and makes people sigh!