In the photo is Li Hongzhang, a famous minister of the late Qing Dynasty.
Some film and television dramas present us that Li Hongzhang is a bad guy who is in cahoots with Empress Dowager Cixi, and the demise of the Qing Dynasty is inseparable from him. However, it is not difficult for us who have studied history to find that the demise of the Qing Dynasty was not caused by a single talent, but because of long-term poor management that led to the gradual demise. From various historical documents, it is not difficult to find that Li Hongzhang is a very capable and talented figure, and at the same time he is particularly sorry for his talents. For this reason, Li Hongzhang married his 20-year-old daughter Li Jurong to Zhang Peilun, a 40-year-old exiled aide. In the photo is Li Hongzhang, a famous minister of the late Qing Dynasty.
In the photo is Li Julian's husband Zhang Peilun.
Li Hongzhang's son-in-law Zhang Peilun served as the left deputy capital of Yushi and served in the Inspectorate, the main task was to supervise, impeach ministers and give advice to the emperor, and Zhang Peilun was well known for impeaching ministers, so it was easy to make enemies. In 1882, Zhang Peilun played dozens of articles and advocated resistance to the French, which also played a certain role in the outbreak of the Sino-French war. After the outbreak of the Sino-French War, Zhang Peilun was given the title of Sanpinqing (三品卿) to handle fujian maritime affairs, and at the same time he was also the minister of shipping. From the course of history, we know that the Qing court had not yet established the Beiyang Marine Division at that time, so the qing court at that time could not compete with the French army with advanced weapons and equipment, whether it was weapons or water army combat level. In the end, the Fujian Marine Division was completely destroyed. Because of the defeat, the Qing court signed a series of unequal treaties with France, and the gateway to southwest China was opened. In the photo is Li Julian's husband Zhang Peilun.
In the photo is Zhang Peilun's mother-in-law, Zhao Xiaolian.
Afterwards, the imperial court began to liquidate the relevant personnel. Ministers who had been impeached by Zhang Peilun also began to "attack" him with different purposes. In the end, the Qing court ordered Zhang Peilun to be exiled to the Taiwan army for atonement. In 1888, Zhang Peilun was released and returned to Beijing and surrendered to Li Hongzhang. Zhang Peilun once recorded in the "Jian Yu Diary" that his step-wife Bian Puyu died of illness during her exile. Li Hongzhang was able to bring Zhang Peilun, who was in a state of misery, under the curtain, which undoubtedly made Zhang Peilun grateful. Therefore, Zhang Peilun often refers to Li Hongzhang as "Hefei Division" in his "Jian Yu Diary" (explain 'Hefei' here because Li Hongzhang is a native of Hefei, Anhui Province, and 'Shi' has the meaning of Heaven and Earth Emperor and Teacher). In the photo is Zhang Peilun's mother-in-law, Zhao Xiaolian.
In the photo are Li Julian and her mother Zhao Xiaolian.
Li Hongzhang treated Zhang Peilun as an aide very differently. On February 15, 1889, Li Hongzhang's 66th birthday coincided with the fifth day of the first lunar month. In order to avoid guests on his birthday, li Hongzhang, the birthday star, only tasted tea and chatted with his wife Zhao, his children Li Juren and Zhang Peilun. From this, we can see that at Li Hongzhang's birthday party, only Zhang Peilun was an outsider. It can be seen that at that time, Li Hongzhang did not treat Zhang Peilun, who came to his next year as an outsider, but treated him like a family. As a heavy minister of the Qing court, Li Hongzhang's staff was by no means only Zhang Peilun, but he was the only one who won this honor, which shows that it is not ordinary. In the photo are Li Julian and her mother Zhao Xiaolian.
In the photo is Li Jurong sitting on a side chair holding a book.
For some time after Li Hongzhang's 66th birthday, Zhang Peilun often made congratulatory gifts with Li Jurong, during which Li Hongzhang also gave him a collection of poems. Zhang Peilun once recorded: "Since 1884, I have never had the Dragon Boat Festival. This afternoon I chatted with JuJu for a long time..." From his diary, Li Jurong's name often appears, which shows that the relationship between the two is getting better and better. In the photo is Li Jurong sitting on a side chair holding a book.
In the photo is Li Ju lotus after marriage.
With the consent of his teacher Li Hongzhang, Zhang Peilun wrote to the imperial court to marry Li Jurong. The late Qing Dynasty historian Li Ciming once wrote in the "Diary of Yue mantang": "On November 7 of the year of the fifth son, Hefei made Li Hongzhang's daughter marry Zhang Peilun. Zhang Peilun is 40 years old, this is the third time to marry, and Li Hongzhang's daughter is only 20 years old. Li Hongzhang loves his daughter very smart and can write poetry..." In the photo is Li Jurong after marriage.
In the photo is Li Jurong with her son and daughter.
After marriage, Li Jurong had a son and a daughter, and the son was the father of the talented daughter Zhang Ailing. Later, Zhang Peilun was frustrated by the officialdom, often borrowed wine to dispel his sorrows, and shouted every day that life was better than death. A year after Li Hongzhang's death, Zhang Peilun also died of illness in Nanjing. The successive deaths of her father and husband made Li Jurong very devastated and slowly became withdrawn. In the photo is Li Jurong with her son and daughter.
In the photo is Zhang Ailing, a modern talented woman.
Li Jurong was only 37 years old when she was widowed, when her son was only 7 years old and her daughter was only 2 years old. The widowed Li Julian's daily affair is to stay at home behind closed doors and teach her children at home. Due to the strictness of Li Jurong, Zhang Ailing's father has achieved certain results, and can recite the ancient text backwards like a stream, and the poetry is not a word, perhaps Zhang Ailing's love of reading and writing has a certain influence on her father. In addition to studying, Li Jurong also has strict requirements for her son to make friends, forbidding to be with her children, and teaching her son to be simple and solemn. In 1912, at the age of 46, Li Juling died of illness in Shanghai. In the photo is Zhang Ailing, a modern talented woman.